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Economy of France vs Papua New Guinea compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

France has a GDP of $3.37T compared to $32.5B for Papua New Guinea, ranking 7/197 and 111/197 by economy size, respectively.

France has $3.9T in government debt (116% of GDP), compared to $16.9B (52.1% of GDP) in Papua New Guinea.

France vs Papua New Guinea GDP by year

France
Papua New Guinea
1x
Year GDP, current $
France Papua New Guinea
2025 $3,366,315,927,447 $32,498,658,654
2024 $3,160,442,622,465 $30,803,971,189
2023 $3,056,250,648,138 $30,816,328,066
2022 $2,794,788,137,067 $31,653,230,962
2021 $2,966,433,692,008 $26,113,409,478
2020 $2,647,926,055,110 $23,848,447,850
2019 $2,722,793,515,172 $24,750,626,030
2018 $2,781,576,320,884 $24,109,780,708
2017 $2,588,868,323,335 $22,742,699,138
2016 $2,470,407,619,777 $20,758,876,953
2015 $2,442,483,452,643 $21,723,437,010
2014 $2,861,236,112,552 $23,210,823,987
2013 $2,816,077,607,875 $21,261,338,065
2012 $2,683,007,095,787 $21,295,168,666
2011 $2,870,408,553,990 $17,985,138,066
2010 $2,646,230,027,988 $14,250,786,675
2009 $2,700,075,882,519 $11,619,456,449
2008 $2,926,802,941,586 $11,670,892,801
2007 $2,655,816,911,867 $9,545,028,944
2006 $2,317,861,544,691 $8,354,911,041
2005 $2,192,146,403,028 $4,865,892,972
2004 $2,109,792,297,237 $3,927,157,867
2003 $1,835,095,983,049 $3,536,411,824
2002 $1,492,427,756,382 $2,999,511,040
2001 $1,370,376,677,299 $3,081,024,212
2000 $1,360,959,069,477 $3,521,339,699
1999 $1,486,915,879,702 $3,477,038,204
1998 $1,496,906,382,032 $3,789,443,015
1997 $1,449,392,222,971 $4,936,615,299
1996 $1,598,889,216,566 $5,155,311,077
1995 $1,595,219,345,512 $4,636,057,476
1994 $1,385,822,778,828 $5,502,786,070
1993 $1,314,383,368,080 $4,974,550,286
1992 $1,389,663,073,110 $4,377,980,510
1991 $1,258,961,748,634 $3,787,394,958
1990 $1,257,649,439,827 $3,219,729,083
1989 $1,016,742,237,302 $3,546,472,566
1988 $1,010,827,662,152 $3,656,177,881
1987 $926,320,855,615 $3,143,851,794
1986 $764,946,585,851 $2,647,995,602
1985 $547,220,981,165 $2,423,339,172
1984 $525,033,325,828 $2,552,662,617
1983 $553,356,312,936 $2,562,351,551
1982 $578,152,310,610 $2,368,719,683
1981 $609,184,791,792 $2,498,190,847
1980 $694,529,183,483 $2,545,808,456
1979 $608,218,624,730 $2,293,760,511
1978 $501,724,418,605 $1,947,878,831
1977 $406,401,711,688 $1,640,746,619
1976 $368,363,152,144 $1,511,843,235
1975 $357,324,307,786 $1,356,603,608
1974 $282,739,225,314 $1,467,417,672
1973 $261,970,536,240 $1,299,079,410
1972 $201,738,881,664 $858,761,926
1971 $164,694,210,962 $717,750,278
1970 $147,312,861,698 $645,568,215
1969 $140,660,914,841 $551,263,864
1968 $128,710,572,572 $485,184,190
1967 $118,088,635,381 $441,728,183
1966 $109,306,730,313 $390,992,063
1965 $100,927,668,584 $344,176,055
1964 $93,424,179,943 $305,312,049
1963 $84,227,606,650 $275,968,044
1962 $75,196,980,365 $261,184,042
1961 $67,158,050,215 $244,832,039
1960 $61,959,085,885 $230,496,037

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/papua-new-guinea | CC BY

GDP per capita in France vs Papua New Guinea by year

France
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Papua New Guinea
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
France Papua New Guinea
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $48,986 - $3,020 -
2024 $46,103 $62,557 $2,912 $4,875
2023 $44,700 $60,839 $2,966 $4,668
2022 $40,989 $57,043 $3,102 $4,420
2021 $43,725 $52,517 $2,608 $3,977
2020 $39,170 $49,482 $2,430 $3,900
2019 $40,408 $51,130 $2,576 $4,060
2018 $41,418 $46,381 $2,566 $3,910
2017 $38,687 $44,469 $2,478 $3,923
2016 $37,024 $42,880 $2,316 $3,813
2015 $36,702 $40,905 $2,485 $3,670
2014 $43,148 $40,218 $2,723 $3,500
2013 $42,669 $39,583 $2,561 $3,110
2012 $40,864 $37,671 $2,635 $3,026
2011 $43,930 $37,510 $2,288 $2,919
2010 $40,695 $35,908 $1,867 $2,912
2009 $41,728 $34,685 $1,569 $2,692
2008 $45,465 $35,053 $1,625 $2,583
2007 $41,486 $34,066 $1,371 $2,622
2006 $36,432 $32,424 $1,238 $2,444
2005 $34,696 $30,431 $744 $2,322
2004 $33,645 $28,921 $621 $2,187
2003 $29,480 $28,024 $577 $2,142
2002 $24,145 $28,350 $506 $2,125
2001 $22,332 $27,347 $538 $2,168
2000 $22,341 $26,007 $636 $2,196
1999 $24,576 $24,204 $650 $2,280
1998 $24,869 $23,263 $733 $2,285
1997 $24,169 $22,190 $990 $2,432
1996 $26,758 $21,268 $1,071 $2,578
1995 $26,792 $20,701 $998 $2,436
1994 $23,360 $19,892 $1,228 $2,558
1993 $22,239 $19,094 $1,151 $2,451
1992 $23,615 $18,801 $1,051 $2,100
1991 $21,501 $18,198 $942 $1,869
1990 $21,586 $17,475 $826 $1,703
1989 $17,547 - $934 -
1988 $17,550 - $985 -
1987 $16,176 - $865 -
1986 $13,430 - $745 -
1985 $9,657 - $697 -
1984 $9,312 - $750 -
1983 $9,862 - $769 -
1982 $10,360 - $726 -
1981 $10,956 - $781 -
1980 $12,565 - $813 -
1979 $11,063 - $748 -
1978 $9,167 - $648 -
1977 $7,459 - $558 -
1976 $6,792 - $525 -
1975 $6,617 - $482 -
1974 $5,261 - $533 -
1973 $4,907 - $483 -
1972 $3,809 - $327 -
1971 $3,137 - $279.7 -
1970 $2,833 - $257.6 -
1969 $2,729 - $225.3 -
1968 $2,518 - $202.9 -
1967 $2,328 - $189 -
1966 $2,173 - $171.1 -
1965 $2,024 - $153.9 -
1964 $1,891 - $139.5 -
1963 $1,723 - $128.9 -
1962 $1,554 - $124.7 -
1961 $1,402 - $119.7 -
1960 $1,307 - $115.5 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/papua-new-guinea | CC BY

France's GDP per capita is $48,986, ranking 27/197, compared to $3,020 in Papua New Guinea, ranking 147/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), France ranks 30th at $62,557, while Papua New Guinea ranks 159th at $4,875.

Economic indicators

France Papua New Guinea
Gross domestic product
$3.37T
2025
$32.5B
2025
GDP rank
7/197
2025
111/197
2025
GDP growth
0.84%
2024-2025
5.64%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$48,986
2025
$3,020
2025
GDP per capita rank
27/197
2025
147/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$62,557
2024
$4,875
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
30/197
2024
159/197
2024
Government debt
$3.9T
2025
$16.9B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
116%
2025
52.1%
2025
Government debt per person
$56,819
2025
$1,575
2025
Government debt per person rank
8/185
2025
129/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$35,062
2026
$2,615
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.37T
2018
$1.68B
2017
Number of millionaires
2,388,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
51
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
25%
2023
31%
2009
Income share by poorest 10%
3%
2023
1.9%
2009
Government expenditure, % of GDP
57.5%
2025
19.7%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
0.94%
2024-2025
4.42%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
5%
2025
Unemployment rate
7.7%
2025
2.69%
2022
Population
68871753
11045681

Spending and national debt comparison by year

France
Spending

Debt
Papua New Guinea
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
France Papua New Guinea
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 57.5% 116% 19.7% 52.1%
2024 57.3% 113.2% 20.9% 53.3%
2023 56.8% 109.6% 22.3% 53.9%
2022 58.4% 111.4% 21.9% 48.2%
2021 59.5% 112.8% 22% 52.6%
2020 61.7% 114.9% 23.5% 48.7%
2019 55.3% 98.2% 21.3% 38.2%
2018 56.4% 98.5% 20.3% 36.7%
2017 57.7% 98.8% 18.4% 32.5%
2016 57.4% 98.1% 20.9% 33.7%
2015 57.6% 97% 22.8% 29.9%
2014 58.4% 96.2% 27.1% 26.9%
2013 58.6% 94.6% 27.6% 24.9%
2012 57.9% 91.7% 22.4% 19.1%
2011 57% 88.7% 19.7% 16.3%
2010 57.7% 86.3% 18.4% 17.3%
2009 58% 84.1% 24.7% 21.7%
2008 54.3% 69.8% 19.8% 21.6%
2007 53.6% 65.5% 18% 22.2%
2006 53.7% 65.4% 19.4% 26%
2005 54.3% 68.2% 20.6% 31.6%
2004 54% 66.9% 19.4% 37.2%
2003 54.4% 65.4% 18.7% 40.4%
2002 53.9% 61.3% 20.8% 48.4%
2001 52.8% 59.3% 21.6% 47.7%
2000 52.6% 59.7% 20.5% 42.3%
1999 53.7% 61.4% 21.4% 41.8%
1998 54% 62.1% 20% 45.7%
1997 55.6% 62% 20.6% 43.9%
1996 56% 60.6% 17.6% 37.8%
1995 56% 57.8% 17.1% 36.6%
1994 55.9% 51.6% 19.3% 40.1%
1993 56.5% 48.2% 23.5% 30%
1992 54% 41.7% 22.8% 30.4%
1991 52.7% 37.8% 22.4% -
1990 51.6% 36.8% 24.5% -
1989 48.9% 34% - -
1988 50.1% 33.3% - -
1987 50.7% 33.4% - -
1986 51.3% 31.1% - -
1985 51.9% 30.6% - -
1984 51.2% 29% - -
1983 50.2% 26.6% - -
1982 49.9% 25.3% - -
1981 48.5% 22% - -
1980 46% 20.7% - -
1979 44.9% 21.1% - -
1978 44.7% 21.2% - -
1977 21.4% 15% - -
1976 21.7% 15.1% - -
1975 22% 16.1% - -
1974 19.9% 15.4% - -
1973 19.7% 15.8% - -
1972 19.8% 17.7% - -
1971 20% 20.1% - -
1970 20.5% 21% - -
1969 21.5% 14.4% - -
1968 22.7% 15.8% - -
1967 21.4% 16.1% - -
1966 21.4% 15.3% - -
1965 21.1% 17.6% - -
1964 21% 19.6% - -
1963 22.6% 22.2% - -
1962 21.7% 23.6% - -
1961 21.9% 26.3% - -
1960 22.2% 28.5% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1993, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/papua-new-guinea | CC BY

In 2025, France's government spending was $1.93T, accounting for 57.5% of its GDP, while Papua New Guinea spent $6.4B, or 19.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 116% in France and 52.1% in Papua New Guinea, ranking 13/185 and 99/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
France

Papua New Guinea
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
France Papua New Guinea
2025 -5.11% -2.36%
2024 -5.79% -3.31%
2023 -5.44% -4.34%
2022 -4.74% -5.25%
2021 -6.58% -6.84%
2020 -8.93% -8.85%
2019 -2.39% -4.98%
2018 -2.32% -2.58%
2017 -3.36% -2.47%
2016 -3.76% -4.75%
2015 -3.89% -4.55%
2014 -4.57% -6.27%
2013 -4.94% -6.87%
2012 -5.17% -1.19%
2011 -5.3% 2.22%
2010 -7.16% 3.06%
2009 -7.38% -5.48%
2008 -3.5% 2.73%
2007 -2.99% 6.9%
2006 -2.66% 5.34%
2005 -3.5% 2.85%
2004 -3.55% 2.03%
2003 -4.09% 0.19%
2002 -3.18% -1.75%
2001 -1.42% -1.33%
2000 -1.32% 0.3%
1999 -1.55% -1.94%
1998 -2.39% -0.16%
1997 -3.71% 0.67%
1996 -3.89% 2.05%
1995 -5.11% 1.08%
1994 -5.46% -1.01%
1993 -6.4% -4.9%
1992 -4.64% -4.33%
1991 -2.89% -0.62%
1990 -2.45% -2.04%
1989 -1.9% -
1988 -2.7% -
1987 -2.13% -
1986 -3.3% -
1985 -3.08% -
1984 -2.8% -
1983 -2.58% -
1982 -2.91% -
1981 -2.39% -
1980 -0.27% -
1979 -0.36% -
1978 -1.73% -
1977 0.9% -
1976 1.01% -
1975 -0.28% -
1974 3.05% -
1973 1.97% -
1972 1.94% -
1971 -0.13% -
1970 0.02% -
1969 -0.49% -
1968 -2.54% -
1967 -0.8% -
1966 -0.57% -
1965 -0.07% -
1964 -0.25% -
1963 -2.24% -
1962 -1.53% -
1961 -1.36% -
1960 -1.95% -
1959 0.56% -
1958 0.08% -
1957 -1.99% -
1956 -2.62% -
1955 -1.04% -
1954 -0.78% -
1953 -4.79% -
1952 -6.82% -
1951 -4.42% -
1950 -5.56% -
1949 -7.31% -
1948 -9.11% -
1947 -7.6% -
1946 -8.1% -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 -6.89% -
1936 -4.76% -
1935 -4.22% -
1934 -4.31% -
1933 -4.96% -
1932 -1.86% -
1931 -2.06% -
1930 -1.65% -
1929 1.48% -
1928 1.13% -
1927 -0.04% -
1926 -0.02% -
1925 -0.87% -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 0.05% -
1912 0.23% -
1911 0.31% -
1910 -0.12% -
1909 -0.11% -
1908 -0.15% -
1907 0.23% -
1906 -0.04% -
1905 0.18% -
1904 0.3% -
1903 0.21% -
1902 -0.37% -
1901 -0.39% -
1900 0.21% -
1899 0.21% -
1898 0.29% -
1897 0.01% -
1896 -0.03% -
1895 -0.07% -
1894 -0.08% -
1893 -0.3% -
1892 -0.03% -
1891 0.36% -
1890 0.31% -
1889 0.09% -
1888 0.18% -
1887 -0.07% -
1886 -0.5% -
1885 -0.59% -
1884 -0.35% -
1883 -0.23% -
1882 -0.15% -
1881 0.64% -
1880 0.65% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/papua-new-guinea | CC BY

In 2025, France's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $172B, equivalent to 5.11% of GDP. This compares to Papua New Guinea's deficit of $766M, or 2.36% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, France recorded a fiscal deficit in 36 of those years, while Papua New Guinea ran a deficit in 24 years. On average, France posted an annual deficit equal to 4.21% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.63% of GDP for Papua New Guinea.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
France

Papua New Guinea
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
France Papua New Guinea
2025 0.94% 4.42%
2024 2% 0.6%
2023 4.88% 2.3%
2022 5.22% 5.25%
2021 1.64% 4.48%
2020 0.48% 4.87%
2019 1.11% 3.93%
2018 1.85% 4.37%
2017 1.03% 5.42%
2016 0.18% 6.67%
2015 0.04% 6%
2014 0.51% 5.22%
2013 0.86% 4.96%
2012 1.95% 4.54%
2011 2.11% 4.44%
2010 1.53% 6.01%
2009 0.09% 6.92%
2008 2.81% 10.8%
2007 1.49% 0.91%
2006 1.68% 2.37%
2005 1.75% 1.78%
2004 2.14% 2.16%
2003 2.1% 14.7%
2002 1.92% 11.8%
2001 1.63% 9.3%
2000 1.68% 15.6%
1999 0.54% 14.9%
1998 0.65% 13.6%
1997 1.2% 3.96%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/papua-new-guinea | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, France has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.59%, compared with 6.29% in Papua New Guinea. In 2025, inflation was 0.94% in France and 4.42% in Papua New Guinea.

Top exports between countries

France
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $4.38M
Metals $964K
Chemicals & pharma $605K
Textiles & consumer goods $399K
Raw agricultural goods $279K
Raw materials & minerals $239K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $135K
Animal & marine products $25K
Miscellaneous $18K
Weapons & explosives $17K
Papua New Guinea
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $17.3M
Raw agricultural goods $3.16M
Animal & marine products $472K
Miscellaneous $186K
Metals $116K
Machinery & equipment $105K
Textiles & consumer goods $27K
Raw materials & minerals $26K
Wood & paper products $22K
Chemicals & pharma $5K

Balance of trade

France Papua New Guinea
Current account balance
-$9.24B
2025
$4.77B
2024
Current account balance ranking
173/190
2025
32/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.27%
2025
+15.5%
2024
Goods imports
$770B
2025
$4.69B
2024
Goods exports
$704B
2025
$13.4B
2024
Service imports
$370B
2025
$2.4B
2024
Service exports
$429B
2025
$75.2M
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.8%
2025
58.9%
2004
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.4%
2025
72.2%
2004

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

France Papua New Guinea
Economic freedom 64.6 54.3
Economic freedom ranking 72/197 134/197
Property rights 91.2 45
Government integrity 73.4 30.8
Judicial effectiveness 84.7 41.1
Tax burden 54.6 70.9
Government spending 0.9 86.1
Fiscal health 34.8 65.3
Business freedom 78.4 34.2
Labor freedom 59.1 65.1
Monetary freedom 73.2 77.4
Trade freedom 79.4 80.2
Investment freedom 75 25
Financial freedom 70 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

France
Papua New Guinea
1x
Year Economic freedom index
France Papua New Guinea
2026 64.6 54.3
2025 64.4 52.5
2024 62.5 49.4
2023 63.6 51.7
2022 65.9 54.6
2021 65.7 58.9
2020 66 58.4
2019 63.8 58.4
2018 63.9 55.7
2017 63.3 50.9
2016 62.3 53.2
2015 62.5 53.1
2014 63.5 53.9
2013 64.1 53.6
2012 63.2 53.8
2011 64.6 52.6
2010 64.2 53.5
2009 63.3 54.8
2008 64.7 -
2007 62.1 -
2006 61.1 -
2005 60.5 -
2004 60.9 -
2003 59.2 -
2002 58 -
2001 58 57.2
2000 57.4 55.8
1999 59.1 56.3
1998 58.9 55.2
1997 59.1 56.7
1996 63.7 58.6
1995 64.4 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/papua-new-guinea | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for France is 64.6, ranking 72/197, compared to 54.3 for Papua New Guinea, ranking 134/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

France Papua New Guinea
Services, % of GDP
70.9%
2025
42%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
16.8%
2025
36.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.4%
2025
17%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$3.34T
2025
$31.2B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$65,110
2025
$4,840
2025
Total reserves including gold
$428B
2025
$3.71B
2024
Total reserves ranking
12/177
2025
114/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$7.24B
2025
$968M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$52.1B
2024
-$198M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$41.7B
2024
$770M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
20.4%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
15.6%
2021
39.9%
2009
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.9%
2025
20%
2004

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1993, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.