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Economy of El Salvador vs France compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

El Salvador has a GDP of $35.4B compared to $3.16T for France, ranking 105/197 and 7/197 by economy size, respectively.

El Salvador has $31B in government debt (87.9% of GDP), compared to $3.58T (116.3% of GDP) in France.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

El Salvador
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
France
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
El Salvador France
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 - - $61,756,878,990 $508,897,750,935
1961 - - $66,806,595,975 $533,344,343,072
1962 - - $74,888,595,286 $569,994,161,067
1963 - - $83,957,182,115 $605,326,016,607
1964 - - $93,079,224,076 $644,223,451,498
1965 $877,720,000 $8,436,981,024 $100,522,559,916 $675,197,188,364
1966 $929,520,000 $9,041,164,856 $108,928,356,519 $710,376,197,079
1967 $976,200,000 $9,532,719,324 $117,751,396,249 $745,158,757,032
1968 $1,009,760,100 $9,841,264,124 $128,427,504,709 $778,321,728,133
1969 $1,049,400,000 $10,184,273,395 $140,361,802,782 $833,684,910,477
1970 $1,132,920,000 $10,487,489,268 $146,926,998,937 $885,376,114,120
1971 $1,186,120,000 $10,892,123,610 $164,238,872,973 $932,571,962,138
1972 $1,263,720,000 $11,558,452,941 $201,621,751,625 $974,886,243,665
1973 $1,442,320,000 $12,120,387,185 $262,343,828,816 $1,039,326,074,354
1974 $1,665,880,000 $12,767,131,180 $283,102,178,123 $1,088,078,748,925
1975 $1,884,120,100 $13,140,382,331 $356,780,728,163 $1,075,844,942,666
1976 $2,328,280,100 $13,803,874,423 $368,488,292,816 $1,123,030,884,958
1977 $2,941,640,100 $14,739,785,630 $406,736,454,934 $1,163,152,896,909
1978 $3,127,960,000 $15,524,349,903 $501,724,418,605 $1,208,457,476,980
1979 $3,463,639,900 $14,875,390,870 $608,218,624,730 $1,253,113,736,481
1980 $3,573,959,900 $12,519,595,405 $694,529,183,483 $1,274,121,102,725
1981 $3,437,200,200 $11,803,350,547 $609,184,791,792 $1,289,261,671,632
1982 $3,399,189,100 $11,058,739,557 $578,152,310,610 $1,320,752,051,529
1983 $3,506,347,800 $11,228,936,354 $553,356,312,936 $1,337,420,703,410
1984 $3,661,683,400 $11,378,871,629 $525,033,325,828 $1,358,946,108,005
1985 $3,800,368,600 $11,448,773,885 $547,220,981,165 $1,380,268,983,034
1986 $3,771,663,200 $11,471,061,561 $764,946,585,851 $1,413,251,000,996
1987 $3,958,045,800 $11,758,775,195 $926,320,855,615 $1,449,327,712,382
1988 $4,189,880,000 $11,979,625,802 $1,010,827,662,152 $1,519,101,594,975
1989 $4,372,215,300 $12,095,116,486 $1,016,742,237,302 $1,586,020,591,646
1990 $4,817,542,204 $12,679,661,441 $1,257,649,439,827 $1,630,899,060,963
1991 $5,252,342,400 $12,869,106,686 $1,258,961,748,634 $1,651,067,777,785
1992 $5,813,399,300 $13,772,770,637 $1,389,663,073,110 $1,676,098,974,379
1993 $6,680,269,200 $14,574,113,893 $1,314,383,368,080 $1,670,081,815,759
1994 $7,679,384,000 $15,257,940,313 $1,385,822,778,828 $1,709,890,902,349
1995 $8,921,947,100 $15,980,263,628 $1,595,219,345,512 $1,749,300,344,480
1996 $9,586,327,800 $16,109,937,379 $1,598,889,216,566 $1,773,739,467,493
1997 $10,221,705,900 $16,615,462,392 $1,449,392,222,971 $1,818,562,957,062
1998 $10,936,669,900 $17,056,150,529 $1,496,906,382,032 $1,881,350,558,838
1999 $11,284,197,000 $17,424,910,258 $1,486,915,879,702 $1,945,303,460,550
2000 $11,784,927,700 $17,621,447,036 $1,360,959,069,477 $2,025,858,476,151
2001 $12,282,533,600 $17,776,447,691 $1,370,376,677,299 $2,064,338,989,613
2002 $12,664,190,300 $18,056,056,716 $1,492,427,756,382 $2,086,380,974,763
2003 $13,243,892,200 $18,338,704,970 $1,835,095,983,049 $2,106,573,536,968
2004 $13,724,810,900 $18,501,810,235 $2,109,792,297,237 $2,166,995,343,502
2005 $14,698,000,000 $18,997,812,331 $2,192,146,403,028 $2,207,920,477,337
2006 $15,999,890,000 $19,821,747,187 $2,317,861,544,691 $2,267,844,862,926
2007 $17,011,750,000 $20,187,974,225 $2,655,816,911,867 $2,325,232,266,329
2008 $17,986,890,000 $20,622,904,544 $2,926,802,941,586 $2,334,072,135,222
2009 $17,601,620,000 $20,188,015,255 $2,700,075,882,519 $2,268,145,064,849
2010 $18,447,920,000 $20,622,904,544 $2,646,230,027,988 $2,313,515,332,183
2011 $20,283,780,000 $21,401,127,376 $2,870,408,553,990 $2,369,909,039,106
2012 $21,386,150,000 $22,019,127,753 $2,683,007,095,787 $2,374,265,767,668
2013 $21,990,960,000 $22,499,794,814 $2,816,077,607,875 $2,392,826,743,357
2014 $22,593,470,000 $22,888,906,230 $2,861,236,112,552 $2,416,703,156,974
2015 $23,438,240,000 $23,438,240,000 $2,442,483,452,643 $2,442,483,452,643
2016 $24,191,430,000 $24,033,351,542 $2,470,407,619,777 $2,463,489,569,347
2017 $24,979,190,000 $24,573,529,737 $2,588,868,323,335 $2,514,819,204,088
2018 $26,020,850,000 $25,166,352,436 $2,781,576,320,884 $2,556,210,832,760
2019 $26,881,140,000 $25,779,775,127 $2,722,793,515,172 $2,608,036,638,906
2020 $24,921,190,000 $23,744,951,346 $2,647,926,055,110 $2,413,981,867,676
2021 $29,043,140,000 $26,571,731,219 $2,966,433,692,008 $2,580,120,255,052
2022 $31,870,120,000 $27,356,823,620 $2,796,302,210,399 $2,646,451,030,890
2023 $33,853,940,000 $28,325,024,474 $3,051,831,611,385 $2,671,234,714,487
2024 $35,364,960,000 $29,062,047,321 $3,162,079,073,496 $2,702,385,011,318

Economic indicators

El Salvador France
Gross domestic product
$35.4B
2024
$3.16T
2024
GDP rank
105/197
2024
7/197
2024
GDP growth
4.46%
2023-2024
3.61%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$5,580
2024
$46,150
2024
GDP per capita rank
116/197
2024
27/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$13,264
2024
$61,322
2024
Government debt
$31B
2024
$3.58T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
87.9%
2025
116.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$4,887
2024
$52,199
2024
Government debt per person rank
80/185
2024
8/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$4,836
2025
$33,898
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$2.37T
2018
Number of millionaires n/a
2,868,031
2024
Number of billionaires n/a
52
2025
Income share by richest 10%
29.7%
2023
25%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
1.9%
2023
3%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
30.5%
2025
57.3%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
0.85%
2023-2024
2%
2023-2024
Unemployment rate
2.99%
2023
7.39%
2024
Population
6386184
68701054

GDP per capita in El Salvador vs France

El Salvador's GDP per capita is $5,580, ranking 116/197, compared to $46,150 in France, ranking 27/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), El Salvador ranks 120th at $13,264, while France ranks 29th at $61,322.

El Salvador
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
France
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
El Salvador France
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 - - $1,303 -
1961 - - $1,395 -
1962 - - $1,548 -
1963 - - $1,718 -
1964 - - $1,884 -
1965 $274.3 - $2,015 -
1966 $282.4 - $2,165 -
1967 $288.4 - $2,321 -
1968 $290.1 - $2,513 -
1969 $293.4 - $2,724 -
1970 $309 - $2,825 -
1971 $316 - $3,128 -
1972 $329 - $3,807 -
1973 $366 - $4,914 -
1974 $413 - $5,267 -
1975 $457 - $6,607 -
1976 $553 - $6,795 -
1977 $684 - $7,465 -
1978 $712 - $9,167 -
1979 $773 - $11,063 -
1980 $787 - $12,565 -
1981 $752 - $10,956 -
1982 $735 - $10,360 -
1983 $745 - $9,862 -
1984 $763 - $9,312 -
1985 $776 - $9,657 -
1986 $755 - $13,430 -
1987 $777 - $16,176 -
1988 $806 - $17,550 -
1989 $825 - $17,547 -
1990 $892 $2,856 $21,586 $17,472
1991 $956 $2,945 $21,501 $18,178
1992 $1,041 $3,171 $23,615 $18,790
1993 $1,180 $3,390 $22,239 $19,071
1994 $1,344 $3,591 $23,360 $19,874
1995 $1,548 $3,808 $26,792 $20,688
1996 $1,651 $3,880 $26,758 $21,261
1997 $1,749 $4,043 $24,169 $22,185
1998 $1,860 $4,171 $24,869 $23,261
1999 $1,908 $4,298 $24,576 $24,204
2000 $1,983 $4,422 $22,341 $26,002
2001 $2,058 $4,543 $22,332 $27,350
2002 $2,115 $4,672 $24,145 $28,350
2003 $2,208 $4,829 $29,480 $28,028
2004 $2,286 $4,998 $33,645 $28,925
2005 $2,447 $5,292 $34,696 $30,431
2006 $2,666 $5,695 $36,432 $32,430
2007 $2,831 $5,949 $41,486 $34,067
2008 $2,983 $6,175 $45,465 $35,053
2009 $2,910 $6,063 $41,728 $34,667
2010 $3,040 $6,248 $40,695 $35,912
2011 $3,331 $6,594 $43,930 $37,510
2012 $3,498 $6,708 $40,864 $37,671
2013 $3,582 $7,093 $42,669 $39,583
2014 $3,666 $7,504 $43,148 $40,218
2015 $3,790 $7,934 $36,702 $40,916
2016 $3,901 $8,456 $37,024 $42,880
2017 $4,020 $8,965 $38,687 $44,469
2018 $4,184 $9,204 $41,418 $46,381
2019 $4,320 $9,757 $40,408 $51,130
2020 $3,997 $9,393 $39,170 $49,482
2021 $4,643 $10,810 $43,725 $52,517
2022 $5,075 $11,876 $41,083 $56,181
2023 $5,365 $12,680 $44,691 $58,318
2024 $5,580 $13,264 $46,150 $61,322

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, El Salvador's government spending was $11.1B, accounting for 30.5% of its GDP, while France's spent $1.81T, or 57.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 87.9% in El Salvador and 116.3% in France, ranking 35/185 and 12/185, respectively.

El Salvador
Government spending

Government debt
France
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
El Salvador France
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 - - 22.2% 28.5%
1961 - - 21.9% 26.3%
1962 - - 21.7% 23.6%
1963 - - 22.6% 22.2%
1964 - - 21% 19.6%
1965 - - 21.1% 17.6%
1966 - - 21.4% 15.3%
1967 - - 21.4% 16.1%
1968 - - 22.7% 15.8%
1969 - - 21.5% 14.4%
1970 - - 20.5% 21%
1971 - - 20% 20.1%
1972 - - 19.8% 17.7%
1973 - - 19.7% 15.8%
1974 - - 19.9% 15.4%
1975 - - 22% 16.1%
1976 - - 21.7% 15.1%
1977 - - 21.4% 15%
1978 - - 44.7% 21.2%
1979 - - 44.9% 21.1%
1980 - - 46% 20.7%
1981 - - 48.5% 22%
1982 - - 49.9% 25.3%
1983 - - 50.2% 26.6%
1984 - - 51.2% 29%
1985 - - 51.9% 30.6%
1986 - - 51.3% 31.1%
1987 - - 50.7% 33.4%
1988 - - 50.1% 33.3%
1989 - - 48.9% 34%
1990 15.9% - 51.6% 36.8%
1991 18.5% 43.3% 52.7% 37.8%
1992 20.8% 36.4% 54% 41.7%
1993 18.5% 31.9% 56.5% 48.2%
1994 18.9% 30.5% 55.9% 51.6%
1995 18.6% 28% 56% 57.8%
1996 21% 28.5% 56% 60.6%
1997 18.6% 27.8% 55.6% 62%
1998 19.3% 25.7% 54% 62.1%
1999 19.7% 28% 53.7% 61.4%
2000 21% 29.6% 52.6% 59.7%
2001 21.7% 37.8% 52.8% 59.3%
2002 22.5% 43.8% 53.9% 61.3%
2003 22.6% 46% 54.4% 65.4%
2004 21.5% 46.8% 54% 66.9%
2005 22.4% 46.3% 54.3% 68.2%
2006 23.4% 52.6% 53.7% 65.4%
2007 22.8% 52.2% 53.6% 65.5%
2008 24.5% 54.2% 54.3% 69.8%
2009 26% 65.8% 58% 84.1%
2010 25.6% 66.8% 57.7% 86.3%
2011 25.3% 65.6% 57% 88.7%
2012 27.4% 70% 57.9% 91.7%
2013 28.5% 69.7% 58.6% 94.5%
2014 27.6% 71.8% 58.4% 96.1%
2015 27.1% 73.5% 57.6% 96.9%
2016 27.5% 75.2% 57.4% 98.1%
2017 28.1% 77.1% 57.7% 98.7%
2018 27.6% 77% 56.4% 98.5%
2019 27.8% 77.9% 55.3% 98.1%
2020 32.7% 95.4% 61.7% 114.8%
2021 31.1% 88% 59.5% 112.7%
2022 28.6% 83.3% 58.4% 111.3%
2023 30.4% 84.7% 56.9% 109.7%
2024 31.4% 87.6% 57.2% 113.1%
2025 30.5% 87.9% 57.3% 116.3%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, El Salvador's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$1.61B, equivalent to -4.55% of GDP. This compares to France's deficit of -$183B, or -5.79% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, El Salvador recorded a fiscal deficit in 35 of those years, while France ran a deficit in 35 years. On average, El Salvador posted an annual deficit equal to -3.52% of GDP, compared to deficit of -4.18% of GDP for France.

Deficit/surplus
El Salvador

France
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
El Salvador France
1880 - 0.65%
1881 - 0.64%
1882 - -0.15%
1883 - -0.23%
1884 - -0.35%
1885 - -0.59%
1886 - -0.5%
1887 - -0.07%
1888 - 0.18%
1889 - 0.09%
1890 - 0.31%
1891 - 0.36%
1892 - -0.03%
1893 - -0.3%
1894 - -0.08%
1895 - -0.07%
1896 - -0.03%
1897 - 0.01%
1898 - 0.29%
1899 - 0.21%
1900 - 0.21%
1901 - -0.39%
1902 - -0.37%
1903 - 0.21%
1904 - 0.3%
1905 - 0.18%
1906 - -0.04%
1907 - 0.23%
1908 - -0.15%
1909 - -0.11%
1910 - -0.12%
1911 - 0.31%
1912 - 0.23%
1913 - 0.05%
1914 - 0.05%
1915 - 0.05%
1916 - 0.05%
1917 - 0.05%
1918 - 0.05%
1919 - -2.65%
1920 - 6.6%
1921 - 4.63%
1922 - 2.42%
1923 - 1.85%
1924 - 2.11%
1925 - -0.87%
1926 - -0.02%
1927 - -0.04%
1928 - 1.13%
1929 - 1.48%
1930 - -1.65%
1931 - -2.06%
1932 - -1.86%
1933 - -4.96%
1934 - -4.31%
1935 - -4.22%
1936 - -4.76%
1937 - -6.89%
1938 - -6.89%
1939 - -6.89%
1940 - -6.89%
1941 - -6.89%
1942 - -6.89%
1943 - -6.89%
1944 - -6.89%
1945 - -6.89%
1946 - -8.1%
1947 - -7.6%
1948 - -9.11%
1949 - -7.31%
1950 - -5.56%
1951 - -4.42%
1952 - -6.82%
1953 - -4.79%
1954 - -0.78%
1955 - -1.04%
1956 - -2.62%
1957 - -1.99%
1958 - 0.08%
1959 - 0.56%
1960 - -1.95%
1961 - -1.36%
1962 - -1.53%
1963 - -2.24%
1964 - -0.25%
1965 - -0.07%
1966 - -0.57%
1967 - -0.8%
1968 - -2.54%
1969 - -0.49%
1970 - 0.02%
1971 - -0.13%
1972 - 1.94%
1973 - 1.97%
1974 - 3.05%
1975 - -0.28%
1976 - 1.01%
1977 - 0.9%
1978 - -1.73%
1979 - -0.36%
1980 - -0.27%
1981 - -2.39%
1982 - -2.91%
1983 - -2.58%
1984 - -2.8%
1985 - -3.08%
1986 - -3.3%
1987 - -2.13%
1988 - -2.7%
1989 - -1.9%
1990 -0.61% -2.45%
1991 -2.3% -2.89%
1992 -4.29% -4.64%
1993 -1.42% -6.4%
1994 -0.94% -5.46%
1995 -0.18% -5.11%
1996 -2.7% -3.89%
1997 -1.97% -3.71%
1998 -2.94% -2.39%
1999 -3.08% -1.55%
2000 -3.45% -1.32%
2001 -4.95% -1.42%
2002 -5.5% -3.18%
2003 -4.23% -4.09%
2004 -2.76% -3.55%
2005 -3.47% -3.5%
2006 -3.42% -2.66%
2007 -2.32% -2.99%
2008 -3.8% -3.5%
2009 -6.65% -7.38%
2010 -4.97% -7.16%
2011 -4.47% -5.3%
2012 -3.81% -5.17%
2013 -4.46% -4.94%
2014 -4.02% -4.57%
2015 -3.63% -3.89%
2016 -3.1% -3.76%
2017 -2.53% -3.36%
2018 -2.71% -2.32%
2019 -3.07% -2.39%
2020 -8.18% -8.93%
2021 -5.53% -6.58%
2022 -2.67% -4.74%
2023 -4.66% -5.45%
2024 -4.55% -5.79%
2025 -3.38% -5.46%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, El Salvador has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.76%, compared with 1.62% in France. In 2024, inflation was 0.85% in El Salvador and 2% in France.

Inflation
El Salvador

France
Year Inflation
El Salvador France El Salvador France
1996 9.79% 1.98%
1997 4.49% 1.2%
1998 2.55% 0.65%
1999 0.51% 0.54%
2000 2.27% 1.68%
2001 3.75% 1.63%
2002 1.87% 1.92%
2003 2.12% 2.1%
2004 4.45% 2.14%
2005 4.69% 1.75%
2006 4.04% 1.68%
2007 4.58% 1.49%
2008 6.71% 2.81%
2009 1.06% 0.09%
2010 1.18% 1.53%
2011 5.13% 2.11%
2012 1.73% 1.95%
2013 0.76% 0.86%
2014 1.14% 0.51%
2015 -0.73% 0.04%
2016 0.6% 0.18%
2017 1.01% 1.03%
2018 1.09% 1.85%
2019 0.08% 1.11%
2020 -0.37% 0.48%
2021 3.47% 1.64%
2022 7.2% 5.22%
2023 4.05% 4.88%
2024 0.85% 2%

Top exports between countries

El Salvador
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $6.39M
Raw agricultural goods $2.64M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.16M
Chemicals & pharma $640K
Machinery & equipment $79K
Precious metals & jewellery $18K
Wood & paper products $14K
Animal & marine products $8K
Raw materials & minerals $8K
Metals $7K
France
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $245M
Chemicals & pharma $22.9M
Raw materials & minerals $5.97M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $3.04M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.63M
Animal & marine products $1.4M
Raw agricultural goods $767K
Metals $626K
Wood & paper products $446K
Miscellaneous $158K

Balance of trade

El Salvador France
Current account balance
-$633M
2024
$2.69B
2024
Current account balance ranking
108/189
2024
39/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.79%
2024
+0.09%
2024
Goods imports
$15.1B
2024
$733B
2024
Goods exports
$5.59B
2024
$668B
2024
Service imports
$3.26B
2024
$341B
2024
Service exports
$6B
2024
$403B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
51.9%
2024
34%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.8%
2024
33.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

El Salvador France
Economic freedom 56.6 64.4
Economic freedom ranking 117/197 69/197
Property rights 43.2 92.9
Government integrity 30.9 74.3
Judicial effectiveness 14.6 84.2
Tax burden 78.2 54.3
Government spending 72.2 0
Fiscal health 56.1 30
Business freedom 62.7 81.9
Labor freedom 54.9 60.2
Monetary freedom 66.2 70.3
Trade freedom 70.4 79.6
Investment freedom 70 75
Financial freedom 60 70

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for El Salvador is 56.6, ranking 117/197, compared to 64.4 for France, ranking 69/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

El Salvador
France
Year Economic freedom index
El Salvador France
1995 69.1 64.4
1996 70.1 63.7
1997 70.5 59.1
1998 70.2 58.9
1999 75.1 59.1
2000 76.3 57.4
2001 73 58
2002 73 58
2003 71.5 59.2
2004 71.2 60.9
2005 71.5 60.5
2006 69.6 61.1
2007 68.9 62.1
2008 68.5 64.7
2009 69.8 63.3
2010 69.9 64.2
2011 68.8 64.6
2012 68.7 63.2
2013 66.7 64.1
2014 66.2 63.5
2015 65.7 62.5
2016 65.1 62.3
2017 64.1 63.3
2018 63.2 63.9
2019 61.8 63.8
2020 61.6 66
2021 61 65.7
2022 59.6 65.9
2023 56 63.6
2024 54.4 62.5
2025 56.6 64.4

More economic indicators

El Salvador France
Services, % of GDP
61%
2024
70.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
22.4%
2024
17.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
4.38%
2024
1.43%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$32.5B
2024
$3.1T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$12,420
2024
$62,620
2024
Total reserves including gold
$3.7B
2024
$283B
2024
Total reserves ranking
110/177
2024
13/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$636M
2024
-$10.3B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$924M
2024
$52.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$288M
2024
$41.7B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
29%
2023
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
27.2%
2023
15.6%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
20.3%
2024
21.9%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Economy comparisons

Economy vs El Salvador vs France
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.