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Economy of France vs Israel compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

France has a GDP of $3.37T compared to $611B for Israel, ranking 7/197 and 27/197 by economy size, respectively.

France has $3.9T in government debt (116% of GDP), compared to $418B (68.5% of GDP) in Israel.

France vs Israel GDP by year

France
Israel
1x
Year GDP, current $
France Israel
2025 $3,366,315,927,447 $610,777,842,874
2024 $3,160,442,622,465 $542,284,494,491
2023 $3,056,250,648,138 $513,393,395,492
2022 $2,794,788,137,067 $525,157,951,213
2021 $2,966,433,692,008 $489,735,019,666
2020 $2,647,926,055,110 $410,908,899,711
2019 $2,722,793,515,172 $399,207,771,082
2018 $2,781,576,320,884 $375,470,422,244
2017 $2,588,868,323,335 $357,360,816,857
2016 $2,470,407,619,777 $321,083,954,798
2015 $2,442,483,452,643 $302,841,190,258
2014 $2,861,236,112,552 $314,376,760,832
2013 $2,816,077,607,875 $298,045,324,736
2012 $2,683,007,095,787 $263,172,104,091
2011 $2,870,408,553,990 $267,739,352,609
2010 $2,646,230,027,988 $239,372,857,534
2009 $2,700,075,882,519 $213,112,649,594
2008 $2,926,802,941,586 $220,952,472,408
2007 $2,655,816,911,867 $184,448,882,452
2006 $2,317,861,544,691 $158,706,516,002
2005 $2,192,146,403,028 $147,346,035,831
2004 $2,109,792,297,237 $139,925,423,025
2003 $1,835,095,983,049 $131,278,887,815
2002 $1,492,427,756,382 $125,215,963,105
2001 $1,370,376,677,299 $134,889,159,474
2000 $1,360,959,069,477 $136,409,902,632
1999 $1,486,915,879,702 $121,329,240,042
1998 $1,496,906,382,032 $120,468,659,246
1997 $1,449,392,222,971 $119,389,303,067
1996 $1,598,889,216,566 $115,051,957,577
1995 $1,595,219,345,512 $105,432,315,611
1994 $1,385,822,778,828 $90,684,108,118
1993 $1,314,383,368,080 $79,806,598,120
1992 $1,389,663,073,110 $79,408,652,426
1991 $1,258,961,748,634 $70,954,941,681
1990 $1,257,649,439,827 $61,978,459,022
1989 $1,016,742,237,302 $52,411,116,588
1988 $1,010,827,662,152 $52,618,458,014
1987 $926,320,855,615 $43,022,977,765
1986 $764,946,585,851 $35,812,041,620
1985 $547,220,981,165 $28,887,898,639
1984 $525,033,325,828 $30,626,695,891
1983 $553,356,312,936 $32,655,591,256
1982 $578,152,310,610 $29,237,231,967
1981 $609,184,791,792 $26,865,420,933
1980 $694,529,183,483 $25,379,585,067
1979 $608,218,624,730 $22,595,788,591
1978 $501,724,418,605 $17,690,363,444
1977 $406,401,711,688 $18,245,847,441
1976 $368,363,152,144 $15,946,502,888
1975 $357,324,307,786 $16,131,806,290
1974 $282,739,225,314 $17,162,009,924
1973 $261,970,536,240 $11,895,229,181
1972 $201,738,881,664 $9,216,866,299
1971 $164,694,210,962 $7,048,191,876
1970 $147,312,861,698 $7,402,142,195
1969 $140,660,914,841 $6,293,966,357
1968 $128,710,572,572 $5,455,059,532
1967 $118,088,635,381 $4,759,447,914
1966 $109,306,730,313 $4,700,397,692
1965 $100,927,668,584 $4,326,412,951
1964 $93,424,179,943 $4,021,861,430
1963 $84,227,606,650 $3,533,767,055
1962 $75,196,980,365 $2,964,323,618
1961 $67,158,050,215 $3,706,297,903
1960 $61,959,085,885 $3,068,690,949

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/israel | CC BY

GDP per capita in France vs Israel by year

France
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Israel
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
France Israel
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $48,986 - $60,337 -
2024 $46,103 $62,557 $54,217 $57,236
2023 $44,700 $60,839 $52,126 $55,171
2022 $40,989 $57,043 $54,947 $53,619
2021 $43,725 $52,517 $52,258 $46,162
2020 $39,170 $49,482 $44,591 $40,955
2019 $40,408 $51,130 $44,092 $41,325
2018 $41,418 $46,381 $42,269 $40,190
2017 $38,687 $44,469 $41,013 $39,471
2016 $37,024 $42,880 $37,571 $38,189
2015 $36,702 $40,905 $36,138 $35,871
2014 $43,148 $40,218 $38,265 $34,816
2013 $42,669 $39,583 $36,981 $34,827
2012 $40,864 $37,671 $33,269 $32,484
2011 $43,930 $37,510 $34,477 $31,314
2010 $40,695 $35,908 $31,399 $29,456
2009 $41,728 $34,685 $28,470 $28,087
2008 $45,465 $35,053 $30,231 $28,084
2007 $41,486 $34,066 $25,689 $28,307
2006 $36,432 $32,424 $22,500 $26,385
2005 $34,696 $30,431 $21,262 $25,701
2004 $33,645 $28,921 $20,550 $26,078
2003 $29,480 $28,024 $19,624 $24,702
2002 $24,145 $28,350 $19,059 $26,101
2001 $22,332 $27,347 $20,949 $25,806
2000 $22,341 $26,007 $21,690 $25,766
1999 $24,576 $24,204 $19,809 $23,415
1998 $24,869 $23,263 $20,176 $22,927
1997 $24,169 $22,190 $20,457 $22,279
1996 $26,758 $21,268 $20,213 $21,672
1995 $26,792 $20,701 $19,014 $20,642
1994 $23,360 $19,892 $16,796 $19,478
1993 $22,239 $19,094 $15,169 $18,218
1992 $23,615 $18,801 $15,500 $17,553
1991 $21,501 $18,198 $14,337 $16,486
1990 $21,586 $17,475 $13,300 $15,721
1989 $17,547 - $11,601 -
1988 $17,550 - $11,846 -
1987 $16,176 - $9,847 -
1986 $13,430 - $8,330 -
1985 $9,657 - $6,824 -
1984 $9,312 - $7,364 -
1983 $9,862 - $7,955 -
1982 $10,360 - $7,253 -
1981 $10,956 - $6,791 -
1980 $12,565 - $6,545 -
1979 $11,063 - $5,968 -
1978 $9,167 - $4,794 -
1977 $7,459 - $5,050 -
1976 $6,792 - $4,514 -
1975 $6,617 - $4,669 -
1974 $5,261 - $5,082 -
1973 $4,907 - $3,629 -
1972 $3,809 - $2,928 -
1971 $3,137 - $2,297 -
1970 $2,833 - $2,489 -
1969 $2,729 - $2,188 -
1968 $2,518 - $1,946 -
1967 $2,328 - $1,734 -
1966 $2,173 - $1,788 -
1965 $2,024 - $1,688 -
1964 $1,891 - $1,625 -
1963 $1,723 - $1,485 -
1962 $1,554 - $1,293 -
1961 $1,402 - $1,696 -
1960 $1,307 - $1,452 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/israel | CC BY

France's GDP per capita is $48,986, ranking 27/197, compared to $60,337 in Israel, ranking 19/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), France ranks 30th at $62,557, while Israel ranks 36th at $57,236.

Economic indicators

France Israel
Gross domestic product
$3.37T
2025
$611B
2025
GDP rank
7/197
2025
27/197
2025
GDP growth
0.84%
2024-2025
2.93%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$48,986
2025
$60,337
2025
GDP per capita rank
27/197
2025
19/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$62,557
2024
$57,236
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
30/197
2024
36/197
2024
Government debt
$3.9T
2025
$418B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
116%
2025
68.5%
2025
Government debt per person
$56,819
2025
$41,338
2025
Government debt per person rank
8/185
2025
16/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$35,062
2026
$48,251
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.37T
2018
$331B
2024
Number of millionaires
2,388,000
2026
195,000
2026
Number of billionaires
51
2026
42
2026
Income share by richest 10%
25%
2023
27%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
3%
2023
1.8%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
57.5%
2025
43.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
0.94%
2024-2025
3.04%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
3.75%
2026
Unemployment rate
7.7%
2025
3%
2025
Population
68871753
10334048

Spending and national debt comparison by year

France
Spending

Debt
Israel
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
France Israel
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 57.5% 116% 43.6% 68.5%
2024 57.3% 113.2% 43.7% 67.7%
2023 56.8% 109.6% 39.6% 61.3%
2022 58.4% 111.4% 36.9% 60.3%
2021 59.5% 112.8% 40.1% 67.7%
2020 61.7% 114.9% 44.8% 71.1%
2019 55.3% 98.2% 38.7% 59.3%
2018 56.4% 98.5% 39.2% 60.1%
2017 57.7% 98.8% 38.4% 59.8%
2016 57.4% 98.1% 37.9% 61.7%
2015 57.6% 97% 37.6% 62.8%
2014 58.4% 96.2% 38.3% 65.8%
2013 58.6% 94.6% 39.7% 66%
2012 57.9% 91.7% 39.6% 66.9%
2011 57% 88.7% 39.3% 67.2%
2010 57.7% 86.3% 39.7% 69%
2009 58% 84.1% 41.4% 72.6%
2008 54.3% 69.8% 41.2% 70.2%
2007 53.6% 65.5% 40.2% 70.8%
2006 53.7% 65.4% 41.6% 77.7%
2005 54.3% 68.2% 42.3% 85.2%
2004 54% 66.9% 43% 88.3%
2003 54.4% 65.4% 45.4% 89.7%
2002 53.9% 61.3% 50% 87.2%
2001 52.8% 59.3% 46.1% 81.1%
2000 52.6% 59.7% 43.4% 77.2%
1999 53.7% 61.4% 53.6% 94.8%
1998 54% 62.1% 55% 101%
1997 55.6% 62% 52.6% 99.3%
1996 56% 60.6% 53.2% 100.3%
1995 56% 57.8% 52.8% 102.3%
1994 55.9% 51.6% 41.7% 110.2%
1993 56.5% 48.2% 42.2% 118.3%
1992 54% 41.7% 44.1% 119.6%
1991 52.7% 37.8% 34.4% 123.7%
1990 51.6% 36.8% 46.8% 138.3%
1989 48.9% 34% 47.5% 147.4%
1988 50.1% 33.3% 46.5% 145.4%
1987 50.7% 33.4% 52.8% 143.2%
1986 51.3% 31.1% 55.7% 162.5%
1985 51.9% 30.6% 65.2% 199%
1984 51.2% 29% - 284%
1983 50.2% 26.6% - 260.5%
1982 49.9% 25.3% 69.7% -
1981 48.5% 22% 71.8% -
1980 46% 20.7% 69.4% 154.3%
1979 44.9% 21.1% 70.1% 155.5%
1978 44.7% 21.2% 62.2% 133.6%
1977 21.4% 15% 69.1% 142%
1976 21.7% 15.1% 66.3% 97.4%
1975 22% 16.1% 62% 85.1%
1974 19.9% 15.4% - 79.8%
1973 19.7% 15.8% - 62.1%
1972 19.8% 17.7% - 63.9%
1971 20% 20.1% - -
1970 20.5% 21% 41.6% -
1969 21.5% 14.4% 41.1% -
1968 22.7% 15.8% 39.4% -
1967 21.4% 16.1% 33.9% -
1966 21.4% 15.3% 29.6% -
1965 21.1% 17.6% 27.8% -
1964 21% 19.6% 28.2% -
1963 22.6% 22.2% 26.9% -
1962 21.7% 23.6% 27.7% -
1961 21.9% 26.3% 30.3% -
1960 22.2% 28.5% 30.4% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/israel | CC BY

In 2025, France's government spending was $1.93T, accounting for 57.5% of its GDP, while Israel spent $266B, or 43.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 116% in France and 68.5% in Israel, ranking 13/185 and 60/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
France

Israel
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
France Israel
2025 -5.11% -5.22%
2024 -5.79% -8.07%
2023 -5.44% -5.38%
2022 -4.74% 0.3%
2021 -6.58% -3.37%
2020 -8.93% -10.6%
2019 -2.39% -3.79%
2018 -2.32% -3.58%
2017 -3.36% -1.17%
2016 -3.76% -1.78%
2015 -3.89% -1.2%
2014 -4.57% -2.28%
2013 -4.94% -4.07%
2012 -5.17% -4.46%
2011 -5.3% -3.43%
2010 -7.16% -3.72%
2009 -7.38% -6.53%
2008 -3.5% -3.49%
2007 -2.99% -0.43%
2006 -2.66% -0.94%
2005 -3.5% -2.74%
2004 -3.55% -3.4%
2003 -4.09% -5.03%
2002 -3.18% -8.21%
2001 -1.42% -4.06%
2000 -1.32% -0.8%
1999 -1.55% -6.26%
1998 -2.39% -7.99%
1997 -3.71% -4.84%
1996 -3.89% -5.97%
1995 -5.11% -4.28%
1994 -5.46% -5.62%
1993 -6.4% -5.62%
1992 -4.64% -8%
1991 -2.89% -7.04%
1990 -2.45% -9.67%
1989 -1.9% -9.03%
1988 -2.7% -7.57%
1987 -2.13% -7.47%
1986 -3.3% -7.51%
1985 -3.08% -14.2%
1984 -2.8% -
1983 -2.58% -
1982 -2.91% -13.8%
1981 -2.39% -23.5%
1980 -0.27% -19.6%
1979 -0.36% -16.7%
1978 -1.73% -14.7%
1977 0.9% -20.3%
1976 1.01% -19.4%
1975 -0.28% -19.6%
1974 3.05% -
1973 1.97% -
1972 1.94% -
1971 -0.13% -
1970 0.02% -16%
1969 -0.49% -15.3%
1968 -2.54% -11.7%
1967 -0.8% -7.68%
1966 -0.57% -4.35%
1965 -0.07% -2.72%
1964 -0.25% -3.65%
1963 -2.24% -4.41%
1962 -1.53% -4.09%
1961 -1.36% -5.86%
1960 -1.95% -6.62%
1959 0.56% -7.23%
1958 0.08% -8.31%
1957 -1.99% -7.17%
1956 -2.62% -9.3%
1955 -1.04% -4.3%
1954 -0.78% -7.84%
1953 -4.79% -8.32%
1952 -6.82% -7.19%
1951 -4.42% -8.13%
1950 -5.56% -10.7%
1949 -7.31% -
1948 -9.11% -
1947 -7.6% -
1946 -8.1% -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 -6.89% -
1936 -4.76% -
1935 -4.22% -
1934 -4.31% -
1933 -4.96% -
1932 -1.86% -
1931 -2.06% -
1930 -1.65% -
1929 1.48% -
1928 1.13% -
1927 -0.04% -
1926 -0.02% -
1925 -0.87% -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 0.05% -
1912 0.23% -
1911 0.31% -
1910 -0.12% -
1909 -0.11% -
1908 -0.15% -
1907 0.23% -
1906 -0.04% -
1905 0.18% -
1904 0.3% -
1903 0.21% -
1902 -0.37% -
1901 -0.39% -
1900 0.21% -
1899 0.21% -
1898 0.29% -
1897 0.01% -
1896 -0.03% -
1895 -0.07% -
1894 -0.08% -
1893 -0.3% -
1892 -0.03% -
1891 0.36% -
1890 0.31% -
1889 0.09% -
1888 0.18% -
1887 -0.07% -
1886 -0.5% -
1885 -0.59% -
1884 -0.35% -
1883 -0.23% -
1882 -0.15% -
1881 0.64% -
1880 0.65% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/israel | CC BY

In 2025, France's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $172B, equivalent to 5.11% of GDP. This compares to Israel's deficit of $31.9B, or 5.22% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, France recorded a fiscal deficit in 60 of those years, while Israel ran a deficit in 59 years. On average, France posted an annual deficit equal to 2.74% of GDP, compared to deficit of 7.31% of GDP for Israel.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
France

Israel
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
France Israel
2025 0.94% 3.04%
2024 2% 3.07%
2023 4.88% 4.23%
2022 5.22% 4.41%
2021 1.64% 1.48%
2020 0.48% -0.58%
2019 1.11% 0.82%
2018 1.85% 0.81%
2017 1.03% 0.25%
2016 0.18% -0.54%
2015 0.04% -0.62%
2014 0.51% 0.47%
2013 0.86% 1.59%
2012 1.95% 1.68%
2011 2.11% 3.49%
2010 1.53% 2.7%
2009 0.09% 3.37%
2008 2.81% 4.53%
2007 1.49% 0.47%
2006 1.68% 2.05%
2005 1.75% 1.34%
2004 2.14% -0.42%
2003 2.1% 0.71%
2002 1.92% 5.8%
2001 1.63% 1.12%
2000 1.68% 1.03%
1999 0.54% 5.19%
1998 0.65% 5.49%
1997 1.2% 8.95%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/israel | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, France has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.59%, compared with 2.27% in Israel. In 2025, inflation was 0.94% in France and 3.04% in Israel.

Top exports between countries

France
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $800M
Chemicals & pharma $660M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $201M
Textiles & consumer goods $113M
Metals $77M
Raw materials & minerals $43.1M
Raw agricultural goods $39.3M
Wood & paper products $31.4M
Animal & marine products $21.8M
Precious metals & jewellery $20.2M
Israel
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $507M
Metals $329M
Raw agricultural goods $307M
Chemicals & pharma $274M
Precious metals & jewellery $127M
IT & IP services $120M
Textiles & consumer goods $63M
Raw materials & minerals $55.4M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $45.4M
Wood & paper products $7.14M

Balance of trade

France Israel
Current account balance
-$9.24B
2025
$8.53B
2025
Current account balance ranking
173/190
2025
26/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.27%
2025
+1.4%
2025
Goods imports
$770B
2025
$102B
2025
Goods exports
$704B
2025
$76.2B
2025
Service imports
$370B
2025
$53.2B
2025
Service exports
$429B
2025
$92.4B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.8%
2025
25.4%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.4%
2025
27.6%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

France Israel
Economic freedom 64.6 68.4
Economic freedom ranking 72/197 47/197
Property rights 91.2 73.1
Government integrity 73.4 66.2
Judicial effectiveness 84.7 68.1
Tax burden 54.6 60.2
Government spending 0.9 52
Fiscal health 34.8 60.8
Business freedom 78.4 72.4
Labor freedom 59.1 56.8
Monetary freedom 73.2 78.2
Trade freedom 79.4 82.8
Investment freedom 75 70
Financial freedom 70 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

France
Israel
1x
Year Economic freedom index
France Israel
2026 64.6 68.4
2025 64.4 69.9
2024 62.5 70.1
2023 63.6 68.9
2022 65.9 68
2021 65.7 73.8
2020 66 74
2019 63.8 72.8
2018 63.9 72.2
2017 63.3 69.7
2016 62.3 70.7
2015 62.5 70.5
2014 63.5 68.4
2013 64.1 66.9
2012 63.2 67.8
2011 64.6 68.5
2010 64.2 67.7
2009 63.3 67.6
2008 64.7 66.3
2007 62.1 64.8
2006 61.1 64.4
2005 60.5 62.6
2004 60.9 61.4
2003 59.2 62.7
2002 58 66.9
2001 58 66.1
2000 57.4 65.5
1999 59.1 68.3
1998 58.9 68
1997 59.1 62.7
1996 63.7 62
1995 64.4 61.5

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/israel | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for France is 64.6, ranking 72/197, compared to 68.4 for Israel, ranking 47/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

France Israel
Services, % of GDP
70.9%
2025
72.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
16.8%
2025
17.2%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.4%
2025
1.29%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$3.34T
2025
$569B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$65,110
2025
$58,870
2025
Total reserves including gold
$428B
2025
$229B
2025
Total reserves ranking
12/177
2025
18/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$7.24B
2025
-$11.8B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$52.1B
2024
$14.8B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$41.7B
2024
$9.92B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
15.6%
2021
22%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.9%
2025
24.3%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/israel | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.