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Economy of Dominican Republic vs France compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

The Dominican Republic has a GDP of $127B compared to $3.37T for France, ranking 65/197 and 7/197 by economy size, respectively.

The Dominican Republic has $75.2B in government debt (59% of GDP), compared to $3.9T (116% of GDP) in France.

Dominican Republic vs France GDP by year

Dominican Republic
France
1x
Year GDP, current $
Dominican Republic France
2025 $127,407,463,759 $3,366,315,927,447
2024 $124,282,245,639 $3,160,442,622,465
2023 $120,456,239,154 $3,056,250,648,138
2022 $113,478,103,598 $2,794,788,137,067
2021 $94,850,719,517 $2,966,433,692,008
2020 $78,546,672,407 $2,647,926,055,110
2019 $89,146,130,745 $2,722,793,515,172
2018 $84,994,732,049 $2,781,576,320,884
2017 $79,070,274,743 $2,588,868,323,335
2016 $75,552,902,636 $2,470,407,619,777
2015 $70,966,782,572 $2,442,483,452,643
2014 $67,014,329,100 $2,861,236,112,552
2013 $62,555,417,415 $2,816,077,607,875
2012 $60,561,635,556 $2,683,007,095,787
2011 $57,948,261,616 $2,870,408,553,990
2010 $53,801,053,353 $2,646,230,027,988
2009 $48,223,781,477 $2,700,075,882,519
2008 $48,091,433,554 $2,926,802,941,586
2007 $43,965,458,509 $2,655,816,911,867
2006 $37,879,830,084 $2,317,861,544,691
2005 $35,777,560,684 $2,192,146,403,028
2004 $22,322,387,382 $2,109,792,297,237
2003 $21,403,167,848 $1,835,095,983,049
2002 $27,137,440,786 $1,492,427,756,382
2001 $25,601,823,688 $1,370,376,677,299
2000 $24,305,780,629 $1,360,959,069,477
1999 $22,136,579,397 $1,486,915,879,702
1998 $21,672,215,547 $1,496,906,382,032
1997 $20,017,450,041 $1,449,392,222,971
1996 $18,241,622,548 $1,598,889,216,566
1995 $16,637,370,839 $1,595,219,345,512
1994 $14,644,734,599 $1,385,822,778,828
1993 $13,081,042,400 $1,314,383,368,080
1992 $11,605,382,504 $1,389,663,073,110
1991 $9,824,483,340 $1,258,961,748,634
1990 $7,073,675,545 $1,257,649,439,827
1989 $6,686,593,060 $1,016,742,237,302
1988 $5,374,299,981 $1,010,827,662,152
1987 $5,827,050,753 $926,320,855,615
1986 $6,122,128,558 $764,946,585,851
1985 $5,044,579,979 $547,220,981,165
1984 $11,594,000,000 $525,033,325,828
1983 $9,220,600,000 $553,356,312,936
1982 $8,267,400,000 $578,152,310,610
1981 $7,561,300,000 $609,184,791,792
1980 $6,761,300,000 $694,529,183,483
1979 $5,498,800,000 $608,218,624,730
1978 $4,734,400,000 $501,724,418,605
1977 $4,587,100,000 $406,401,711,688
1976 $3,951,500,000 $368,363,152,144
1975 $3,599,200,000 $357,324,307,786
1974 $2,925,700,000 $282,739,225,314
1973 $2,344,800,000 $261,970,536,240
1972 $1,987,400,000 $201,738,881,664
1971 $1,666,500,000 $164,694,210,962
1970 $1,485,500,000 $147,312,861,698
1969 $1,230,500,000 $140,660,914,841
1968 $1,079,100,000 $128,710,572,572
1967 $1,034,800,000 $118,088,635,381
1966 $983,900,000 $109,306,730,313
1965 $888,100,000 $100,927,668,584
1964 $1,025,599,900 $93,424,179,943
1963 $940,799,900 $84,227,606,650
1962 $824,100,000 $75,196,980,365
1961 $654,100,200 $67,158,050,215
1960 $672,399,700 $61,959,085,885

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/france | CC BY

GDP per capita in Dominican Republic vs France by year

Dominican Republic
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
France
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Dominican Republic France
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $11,059 - $48,986 -
2024 $10,876 $27,542 $46,103 $62,557
2023 $10,630 $25,840 $44,700 $60,839
2022 $10,104 $24,626 $40,989 $57,043
2021 $8,527 $22,053 $43,725 $52,517
2020 $7,135 $18,998 $39,170 $49,482
2019 $8,183 $19,767 $40,408 $51,130
2018 $7,883 $17,995 $41,418 $46,381
2017 $7,413 $16,846 $38,687 $44,469
2016 $7,160 $16,282 $37,024 $42,880
2015 $6,801 $14,804 $36,702 $40,905
2014 $6,496 $13,465 $43,148 $40,218
2013 $6,137 $12,414 $42,669 $39,583
2012 $6,014 $11,777 $40,864 $37,671
2011 $5,827 $11,695 $43,930 $37,510
2010 $5,479 $11,246 $40,695 $35,908
2009 $4,974 $10,382 $41,728 $34,685
2008 $5,024 $10,346 $45,465 $35,053
2007 $4,650 $9,951 $41,486 $34,066
2006 $4,055 $9,130 $36,432 $32,424
2005 $3,878 $8,215 $34,696 $30,431
2004 $2,452 $7,375 $33,645 $28,921
2003 $2,383 $7,098 $29,480 $28,024
2002 $3,066 $7,158 $24,145 $28,350
2001 $2,936 $6,848 $22,332 $27,347
2000 $2,831 $6,639 $22,341 $26,007
1999 $2,621 $6,305 $24,576 $24,204
1998 $2,608 $5,963 $24,869 $23,263
1997 $2,449 $5,618 $24,169 $22,190
1996 $2,271 $5,161 $26,758 $21,268
1995 $2,109 $4,871 $26,792 $20,701
1994 $1,892 $4,599 $23,360 $19,892
1993 $1,722 $4,474 $22,239 $19,094
1992 $1,558 $4,151 $23,615 $18,801
1991 $1,346 $3,722 $21,501 $18,198
1990 $989 $3,641 $21,586 $17,475
1989 $955 - $17,547 -
1988 $784 - $17,550 -
1987 $868 - $16,176 -
1986 $932 - $13,430 -
1985 $784 - $9,657 -
1984 $1,844 - $9,312 -
1983 $1,500 - $9,862 -
1982 $1,376 - $10,360 -
1981 $1,288 - $10,956 -
1980 $1,180 - $12,565 -
1979 $984 - $11,063 -
1978 $868 - $9,167 -
1977 $863 - $7,459 -
1976 $763 - $6,792 -
1975 $713 - $6,617 -
1974 $595 - $5,261 -
1973 $490 - $4,907 -
1972 $427 - $3,809 -
1971 $368 - $3,137 -
1970 $338 - $2,833 -
1969 $287.7 - $2,729 -
1968 $259.6 - $2,518 -
1967 $256.2 - $2,328 -
1966 $250.9 - $2,173 -
1965 $233.2 - $2,024 -
1964 $277.3 - $1,891 -
1963 $262.2 - $1,723 -
1962 $236.8 - $1,554 -
1961 $193.9 - $1,402 -
1960 $205.7 - $1,307 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/france | CC BY

The Dominican Republic's GDP per capita is $11,059, ranking 83/197, compared to $48,986 in France, ranking 27/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the Dominican Republic ranks 76th at $27,542, while France ranks 30th at $62,557.

Economic indicators

Dominican Republic France
Gross domestic product
$127B
2025
$3.37T
2025
GDP rank
65/197
2025
7/197
2025
GDP growth
2.12%
2024-2025
0.84%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$11,059
2025
$48,986
2025
GDP per capita rank
83/197
2025
27/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$27,542
2024
$62,557
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
76/197
2024
30/197
2024
Government debt
$75.2B
2025
$3.9T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
59%
2025
116%
2025
Government debt per person
$6,525
2025
$56,819
2025
Government debt per person rank
73/185
2025
8/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$7,179
2026
$35,062
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$2.37T
2018
Number of millionaires n/a
2,388,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
51
2026
Income share by richest 10%
29.5%
2024
25%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2024
3%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
19.3%
2025
57.5%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.87%
2024-2025
0.94%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
5.5%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
5.17%
2025
7.7%
2025
Population
11656588
68871753

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Dominican Republic
Spending

Debt
France
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Dominican Republic France
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 19.3% 59% 57.5% 116%
2024 19.5% 58.8% 57.3% 113.2%
2023 19.1% 60.5% 56.8% 109.6%
2022 18.5% 59.6% 58.4% 111.4%
2021 18.4% 62.8% 59.5% 112.8%
2020 22.2% 71.8% 61.7% 114.9%
2019 17.8% 53.5% 55.3% 98.2%
2018 16.5% 50.8% 56.4% 98.5%
2017 17.3% 49.5% 57.7% 98.8%
2016 17% 46.7% 57.4% 98.1%
2015 16.7% 44.8% 57.6% 97%
2014 17% 45% 58.4% 96.2%
2013 18.5% 46.8% 58.6% 94.6%
2012 19.8% 42.4% 57.9% 91.7%
2011 16% 39.1% 57% 88.7%
2010 16.1% 37.4% 57.7% 86.3%
2009 16.2% 36.8% 58% 84.1%
2008 18.5% 33.6% 54.3% 69.8%
2007 16.3% 32.9% 53.6% 65.5%
2006 17% 36% 53.7% 65.4%
2005 15.5% 38.3% 54.3% 68.2%
2004 17.3% 34.3% 54% 66.9%
2003 17.2% 48.2% 54.4% 65.4%
2002 16.5% 21.5% 53.9% 61.3%
2001 14.9% 20.4% 52.8% 59.3%
2000 14.1% 16.7% 52.6% 59.7%
1999 13.4% 16% 53.7% 61.4%
1998 12.6% 13.2% 54% 62.1%
1997 13.2% 13.8% 55.6% 62%
1996 11.4% 23% 56% 60.6%
1995 11% 25.7% 56% 57.8%
1994 12.1% 28.5% 55.9% 51.6%
1993 13% 36.1% 56.5% 48.2%
1992 10.4% 38.5% 54% 41.7%
1991 8.65% 47.3% 52.7% 37.8%
1990 9.1% 84.7% 51.6% 36.8%
1989 11.3% 62.5% 48.9% 34%
1988 12.8% 77% 50.1% 33.3%
1987 11.2% 86.9% 50.7% 33.4%
1986 10.4% 63.8% 51.3% 31.1%
1985 9.8% 66.3% 51.9% 30.6%
1984 9.32% 28.9% 51.2% 29%
1983 10.2% 32.9% 50.2% 26.6%
1982 10.2% 33.1% 49.9% 25.3%
1981 12.1% 29.8% 48.5% 22%
1980 12.8% 15.2% 46% 20.7%
1979 13.8% 24% 44.9% 21.1%
1978 12.3% 20.9% 44.7% 21.2%
1977 11.4% 16.4% 21.4% 15%
1976 12.5% 15.6% 21.7% 15.1%
1975 13.7% 13.1% 22% 16.1%
1974 14.6% 14.6% 19.9% 15.4%
1973 13.7% 14.6% 19.7% 15.8%
1972 14.1% 16.4% 19.8% 17.7%
1971 13.8% 17.8% 20% 20.1%
1970 13.3% 18% 20.5% 21%
1969 15.5% 17.4% 21.5% 14.4%
1968 15.5% 18.1% 22.7% 15.8%
1967 15% 16.2% 21.4% 16.1%
1966 15.2% 14.5% 21.4% 15.3%
1965 12.8% - 21.1% 17.6%
1964 16.7% - 21% 19.6%
1963 15.1% - 22.6% 22.2%
1962 15.7% - 21.7% 23.6%
1961 20% - 21.9% 26.3%
1960 20.1% - 22.2% 28.5%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/france | CC BY

In 2025, the Dominican Republic's government spending was $24.6B, accounting for 19.3% of its GDP, while France spent $1.93T, or 57.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 59% in the Dominican Republic and 116% in France, ranking 80/185 and 13/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Dominican Republic

France
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Dominican Republic France
2025 -3.56% -5.11%
2024 -3.09% -5.79%
2023 -3.28% -5.44%
2022 -3.25% -4.74%
2021 -2.92% -6.58%
2020 -7.94% -8.93%
2019 -3.46% -2.39%
2018 -2.17% -2.32%
2017 -3.12% -3.36%
2016 -3.11% -3.76%
2015 -0.03% -3.89%
2014 -2.76% -4.57%
2013 -4.41% -4.94%
2012 -6.26% -5.17%
2011 -3.07% -5.3%
2010 -2.97% -7.16%
2009 -2.9% -7.38%
2008 -3.43% -3.5%
2007 0.28% -2.99%
2006 -1.69% -2.66%
2005 -0.71% -3.5%
2004 -3.6% -3.55%
2003 -4.24% -4.09%
2002 -2.28% -3.18%
2001 -0.73% -1.42%
2000 -0.86% -1.32%
1999 -0.79% -1.55%
1998 -0.29% -2.39%
1997 -0.64% -3.71%
1996 0.14% -3.89%
1995 0.82% -5.11%
1994 -0.39% -5.46%
1993 -0.16% -6.4%
1992 2.35% -4.64%
1991 0.11% -2.89%
1990 0.39% -2.45%
1989 -0.09% -1.9%
1988 -1.68% -2.7%
1987 -0.75% -2.13%
1986 -0.57% -3.3%
1985 -1.27% -3.08%
1984 -0.95% -2.8%
1983 -1.74% -2.58%
1982 -2.4% -2.91%
1981 -1.92% -2.39%
1980 -1.82% -0.27%
1979 -3.26% -0.36%
1978 -0.82% -1.73%
1977 0.15% 0.9%
1976 -0.22% 1.01%
1975 1.37% -0.28%
1974 -0.93% 3.05%
1973 -0.53% 1.97%
1972 -1.73% 1.94%
1971 -0.85% -0.13%
1970 -0.68% 0.02%
1969 -0.99% -0.49%
1968 -0.99% -2.54%
1967 -1.68% -0.8%
1966 -2.14% -0.57%
1965 -1.84% -0.07%
1964 -1.36% -0.25%
1963 -0.39% -2.24%
1962 -1.17% -1.53%
1961 -3% -1.36%
1960 -0.61% -1.95%
1959 -0.29% 0.56%
1958 -1.29% 0.08%
1957 0.21% -1.99%
1956 -0.05% -2.62%
1955 1.47% -1.04%
1954 1.43% -0.78%
1953 2.79% -4.79%
1952 0% -6.82%
1951 -2.58% -4.42%
1950 -3.66% -5.56%
1949 - -7.31%
1948 - -9.11%
1947 - -7.6%
1946 - -8.1%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -6.89%
1936 - -4.76%
1935 - -4.22%
1934 - -4.31%
1933 - -4.96%
1932 - -1.86%
1931 - -2.06%
1930 - -1.65%
1929 - 1.48%
1928 - 1.13%
1927 - -0.04%
1926 - -0.02%
1925 - -0.87%
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - 0.05%
1912 - 0.23%
1911 - 0.31%
1910 - -0.12%
1909 - -0.11%
1908 - -0.15%
1907 - 0.23%
1906 - -0.04%
1905 - 0.18%
1904 - 0.3%
1903 - 0.21%
1902 - -0.37%
1901 - -0.39%
1900 - 0.21%
1899 - 0.21%
1898 - 0.29%
1897 - 0.01%
1896 - -0.03%
1895 - -0.07%
1894 - -0.08%
1893 - -0.3%
1892 - -0.03%
1891 - 0.36%
1890 - 0.31%
1889 - 0.09%
1888 - 0.18%
1887 - -0.07%
1886 - -0.5%
1885 - -0.59%
1884 - -0.35%
1883 - -0.23%
1882 - -0.15%
1881 - 0.64%
1880 - 0.65%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/france | CC BY

In 2025, the Dominican Republic's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $4.53B, equivalent to 3.56% of GDP. This compares to France's deficit of $172B, or 5.11% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, the Dominican Republic recorded a fiscal deficit in 58 of those years, while France ran a deficit in 60 years. On average, the Dominican Republic posted an annual deficit equal to 1.65% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.74% of GDP for France.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Dominican Republic

France
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Dominican Republic France
2025 3.87% 0.94%
2024 3.3% 2%
2023 4.79% 4.88%
2022 8.81% 5.22%
2021 8.24% 1.64%
2020 3.78% 0.48%
2019 1.81% 1.11%
2018 3.56% 1.85%
2017 3.28% 1.03%
2016 1.61% 0.18%
2015 0.84% 0.04%
2014 3% 0.51%
2013 4.83% 0.86%
2012 3.69% 1.95%
2011 5.8% 2.11%
2010 6.33% 1.53%
2009 1.44% 0.09%
2008 10.6% 2.81%
2007 6.14% 1.49%
2006 7.57% 1.68%
2005 4.19% 1.75%
2004 51.5% 2.14%
2003 27.4% 2.1%
2002 5.22% 1.92%
2001 8.88% 1.63%
2000 7.72% 1.68%
1999 6.47% 0.54%
1998 4.83% 0.65%
1997 8.3% 1.2%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/france | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, the Dominican Republic has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 7.51%, compared with 1.59% in France. In 2025, inflation was 3.87% in the Dominican Republic and 0.94% in France.

Top exports between countries

Dominican Republic
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $43M
Raw agricultural goods $15.2M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $11.7M
Chemicals & pharma $5.27M
Raw materials & minerals $3.77M
Metals $2.44M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.25M
Wood & paper products $532K
Precious metals & jewellery $437K
Miscellaneous $388K
France
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $70M
Chemicals & pharma $46.9M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $35.5M
Animal & marine products $26.5M
Raw agricultural goods $21.6M
Raw materials & minerals $19.4M
Metals $13.8M
Textiles & consumer goods $12.1M
Wood & paper products $5.9M
Precious metals & jewellery $2.35M

Balance of trade

Dominican Republic France
Current account balance
-$1.49B
2025
-$9.24B
2025
Current account balance ranking
128/190
2025
173/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.17%
2025
-0.27%
2025
Goods imports
$29.8B
2025
$770B
2025
Goods exports
$16B
2025
$704B
2025
Service imports
$5.65B
2025
$370B
2025
Service exports
$14.4B
2025
$429B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
27.9%
2025
33.8%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
23.6%
2025
33.4%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Dominican Republic France
Economic freedom 63.8 64.6
Economic freedom ranking 77/197 72/197
Property rights 53.9 91.2
Government integrity 39.8 73.4
Judicial effectiveness 58 84.7
Tax burden 84.4 54.6
Government spending 89.1 0.9
Fiscal health 76.6 34.8
Business freedom 71.4 78.4
Labor freedom 53.2 59.1
Monetary freedom 72.1 73.2
Trade freedom 67.4 79.4
Investment freedom 60 75
Financial freedom 40 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Dominican Republic
France
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Dominican Republic France
2026 63.8 64.6
2025 64.3 64.4
2024 62.9 62.5
2023 62.6 63.6
2022 63 65.9
2021 62.1 65.7
2020 60.9 66
2019 61 63.8
2018 61.6 63.9
2017 62.9 63.3
2016 61 62.3
2015 61 62.5
2014 61.3 63.5
2013 59.7 64.1
2012 60.2 63.2
2011 60 64.6
2010 60.3 64.2
2009 59.2 63.3
2008 57.7 64.7
2007 56.8 62.1
2006 56.3 61.1
2005 55.1 60.5
2004 54.6 60.9
2003 57.8 59.2
2002 58.6 58
2001 59.1 58
2000 59 57.4
1999 58.1 59.1
1998 58.1 58.9
1997 53.5 59.1
1996 58.1 63.7
1995 55.8 64.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/dominican-republic/france | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the Dominican Republic is 63.8, ranking 77/197, compared to 64.6 for France, ranking 72/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Dominican Republic France
Services, % of GDP
60.1%
2025
70.9%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
28.4%
2025
16.8%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
4.6%
2025
1.4%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$122B
2025
$3.34T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$26,980
2025
$65,110
2025
Total reserves including gold
$14.8B
2025
$428B
2025
Total reserves ranking
71/177
2025
12/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$5.03B
2025
$7.24B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$4.48B
2024
$52.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$47.3M
2024
$41.7B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.61%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
17.3%
2025
15.6%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.7%
2025
21.9%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.