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Economy of Costa Rica vs France compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Costa Rica has a GDP of $95.4B compared to $3.16T for France, ranking 73/197 and 7/197 by economy size, respectively.

Costa Rica has $57B in government debt (59.8% of GDP), compared to $3.58T (113.1% of GDP) in France.

Costa Rica vs France GDP by year

Costa Rica
France
1x
Year GDP, current $
Costa Rica France
2024 $95,350,423,177 $3,160,442,622,465
2023 $86,497,941,439 $3,056,250,648,138
2022 $69,243,626,029 $2,794,788,137,067
2021 $64,960,725,734 $2,966,433,692,008
2020 $62,395,610,760 $2,647,926,055,110
2019 $64,417,670,521 $2,722,793,515,172
2018 $62,420,164,992 $2,781,576,320,884
2017 $60,516,044,657 $2,588,868,323,335
2016 $58,847,019,610 $2,470,407,619,777
2015 $56,441,920,821 $2,442,483,452,643
2014 $52,016,408,854 $2,861,236,112,552
2013 $50,949,668,842 $2,816,077,607,875
2012 $47,231,655,432 $2,683,007,095,787
2011 $42,762,613,699 $2,870,408,553,990
2010 $37,658,616,952 $2,646,230,027,988
2009 $30,745,714,313 $2,700,075,882,519
2008 $30,801,745,700 $2,926,802,941,586
2007 $26,884,700,709 $2,655,816,911,867
2006 $22,715,540,324 $2,317,861,544,691
2005 $20,040,642,477 $2,192,146,403,028
2004 $18,610,594,846 $2,109,792,297,237
2003 $17,271,760,507 $1,835,095,983,049
2002 $16,578,820,687 $1,492,427,756,382
2001 $15,976,174,337 $1,370,376,677,299
2000 $15,013,629,662 $1,360,959,069,477
1999 $14,254,866,285 $1,486,915,879,702
1998 $13,684,255,947 $1,496,906,382,032
1997 $12,614,602,382 $1,449,392,222,971
1996 $11,678,424,507 $1,598,889,216,566
1995 $11,578,594,260 $1,595,219,345,512
1994 $10,489,903,725 $1,385,822,778,828
1993 $9,564,815,975 $1,314,383,368,080
1992 $8,579,754,758 $1,389,663,073,110
1991 $7,215,725,487 $1,258,961,748,634
1990 $5,711,687,787 $1,257,649,439,827
1989 $5,251,025,767 $1,016,742,237,302
1988 $4,614,629,898 $1,010,827,662,152
1987 $4,532,952,047 $926,320,855,615
1986 $4,418,983,871 $764,946,585,851
1985 $3,919,203,960 $547,220,981,165
1984 $3,660,477,856 $525,033,325,828
1983 $3,146,772,631 $553,356,312,936
1982 $2,606,623,555 $578,152,310,610
1981 $2,623,803,096 $609,184,791,792
1980 $4,831,447,001 $694,529,183,483
1979 $4,035,519,323 $608,218,624,730
1978 $3,523,208,810 $501,724,418,605
1977 $3,072,427,013 $406,401,711,688
1976 $2,412,555,426 $368,363,152,144
1975 $1,960,863,466 $357,324,307,786
1974 $1,666,544,754 $282,739,225,314
1973 $1,528,925,846 $261,970,536,240
1972 $1,238,251,696 $201,738,881,664
1971 $1,077,147,538 $164,694,210,962
1970 $984,830,158 $147,312,861,698
1969 $853,630,204 $140,660,914,841
1968 $773,841,494 $128,710,572,572
1967 $699,456,619 $118,088,635,381
1966 $647,305,630 $109,306,730,313
1965 $592,981,162 $100,927,668,584
1964 $542,578,367 $93,424,179,943
1963 $511,902,137 $84,227,606,650
1962 $479,180,824 $75,196,980,365
1961 $490,325,182 $67,158,050,215
1960 $507,513,830 $61,959,085,885

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/costa-rica/france | CC BY

GDP per capita in Costa Rica vs France by year

Costa Rica
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
France
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Costa Rica France
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $18,587 $31,107 $46,103 $62,557
2023 $16,942 $28,909 $44,700 $60,839
2022 $13,626 $26,226 $40,989 $57,043
2021 $12,838 $23,853 $43,725 $52,517
2020 $12,394 $22,100 $39,170 $49,482
2019 $12,885 $23,340 $40,408 $51,130
2018 $12,590 $21,498 $41,418 $46,381
2017 $12,317 $20,499 $38,687 $44,469
2016 $12,091 $19,202 $37,024 $42,880
2015 $11,715 $17,525 $36,702 $40,905
2014 $10,911 $16,394 $43,148 $40,218
2013 $10,803 $15,232 $42,669 $39,583
2012 $10,127 $14,464 $40,864 $37,671
2011 $9,276 $13,614 $43,930 $37,510
2010 $8,266 $12,928 $40,695 $35,908
2009 $6,833 $12,274 $41,728 $34,685
2008 $6,937 $12,472 $45,465 $35,053
2007 $6,138 $11,842 $41,486 $34,066
2006 $5,257 $10,800 $36,432 $32,424
2005 $4,703 $9,899 $34,696 $30,431
2004 $4,431 $9,365 $33,645 $28,921
2003 $4,173 $8,863 $29,480 $28,024
2002 $4,068 $8,461 $24,145 $28,350
2001 $3,985 $8,190 $22,332 $27,347
2000 $3,813 $7,879 $22,341 $26,007
1999 $3,691 $7,563 $24,576 $24,204
1998 $3,617 $7,306 $24,869 $23,263
1997 $3,408 $6,890 $24,169 $22,190
1996 $3,227 $6,568 $26,758 $21,268
1995 $3,275 $6,515 $26,792 $20,701
1994 $3,040 $6,276 $23,360 $19,892
1993 $2,840 $6,025 $22,239 $19,094
1992 $2,612 $5,635 $23,615 $18,801
1991 $2,253 $5,175 $21,501 $18,198
1990 $1,830 $5,021 $21,586 $17,475
1989 $1,725 - $17,547 -
1988 $1,555 - $17,550 -
1987 $1,567 - $16,176 -
1986 $1,569 - $13,430 -
1985 $1,429 - $9,657 -
1984 $1,372 - $9,312 -
1983 $1,213 - $9,862 -
1982 $1,032 - $10,360 -
1981 $1,068 - $10,956 -
1980 $2,021 - $12,565 -
1979 $1,735 - $11,063 -
1978 $1,556 - $9,167 -
1977 $1,393 - $7,459 -
1976 $1,123 - $6,792 -
1975 $937 - $6,617 -
1974 $817 - $5,261 -
1973 $769 - $4,907 -
1972 $639 - $3,809 -
1971 $570 - $3,137 -
1970 $536 - $2,833 -
1969 $477 - $2,729 -
1968 $445 - $2,518 -
1967 $414 - $2,328 -
1966 $395 - $2,173 -
1965 $374 - $2,024 -
1964 $354 - $1,891 -
1963 $346 - $1,723 -
1962 $335 - $1,554 -
1961 $356 - $1,402 -
1960 $382 - $1,307 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/costa-rica/france | CC BY

Costa Rica's GDP per capita is $18,587, ranking 62/197, compared to $46,103 in France, ranking 27/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Costa Rica ranks 72nd at $31,107, while France ranks 30th at $62,557.

Economic indicators

Costa Rica France
Gross domestic product
$95.4B
2024
$3.16T
2024
GDP rank
73/197
2024
7/197
2024
GDP growth
4.32%
2023-2024
1.19%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$18,587
2024
$46,103
2024
GDP per capita rank
62/197
2024
27/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$31,107
2024
$62,557
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
72/197
2024
30/197
2024
Government debt
$57B
2024
$3.58T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
59.8%
2024
113.1%
2024
Government debt per person
$11,106
2024
$52,165
2024
Government debt per person rank
50/185
2024
8/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$12,150
2026
$35,669
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.23B
2022
$2.37T
2018
Number of millionaires n/a
2,897,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
52
2025
Income share by richest 10%
34.2%
2024
25%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
1.7%
2024
3%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
18.9%
2024
57.2%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
-0.41%
2023-2024
2%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
3.5%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
6.94%
2024
7.44%
2024
Population
5181862
68788006

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Costa Rica
Spending

Debt
France
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Costa Rica France
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 18.9% 59.8% 57.2% 113.1%
2023 18.5% 61.1% 56.8% 109.6%
2022 19.2% 63% 58.4% 111.4%
2021 20.8% 67.6% 59.5% 112.8%
2020 22.3% 66.9% 61.7% 114.9%
2019 21.7% 56.4% 55.3% 98.1%
2018 18.9% 51.8% 56.4% 98.5%
2017 19.2% 47.1% 57.7% 98.7%
2016 18.8% 44.1% 57.4% 98.1%
2015 18.8% 39.8% 57.6% 96.9%
2014 18.4% 37.4% 58.4% 96.1%
2013 18.5% 35.1% 58.6% 94.5%
2012 17.3% 33.7% 57.9% 91.7%
2011 17.2% 29.5% 57% 88.7%
2010 18% 28.1% 57.7% 86.3%
2009 16.7% 26% 58% 84.1%
2008 15.2% 24% 54.3% 69.8%
2007 14.6% 27% 53.6% 65.5%
2006 15.2% 33% 53.7% 65.4%
2005 15.9% 37.3% 54.3% 68.2%
2004 17% 41% 54% 66.9%
2003 17.6% 40.6% 54.4% 65.4%
2002 18.6% 41.4% 53.9% 61.3%
2001 17.3% 39.6% 52.8% 59.3%
2000 16.9% 38.9% 52.6% 59.7%
1999 16.7% 39% 53.7% 61.4%
1998 16% 40.7% 54% 62.1%
1997 16.3% 30.6% 55.6% 62%
1996 17.3% 33.7% 56% 60.6%
1995 16.4% 29.1% 56% 57.8%
1994 17.4% 27% 55.9% 51.6%
1993 13.8% 24.4% 56.5% 48.2%
1992 13.7% 23.3% 54% 41.7%
1991 14% 28.4% 52.7% 37.8%
1990 18.9% 18.5% 51.6% 36.8%
1989 26.1% 19.3% 48.9% 34%
1988 24.5% 18.2% 50.1% 33.3%
1987 27.2% 21.2% 50.7% 33.4%
1986 26.4% 26.1% 51.3% 31.1%
1985 21.8% 22.8% 51.9% 30.6%
1984 22.8% 25.2% 51.2% 29%
1983 23.6% 29.8% 50.2% 26.6%
1982 18.4% 31.8% 49.9% 25.3%
1981 21% 32.3% 48.5% 22%
1980 25% 37.7% 46% 20.7%
1979 24.9% 39.5% 44.9% 21.1%
1978 23.2% 41.7% 44.7% 21.2%
1977 19.3% 27.8% 21.4% 15%
1976 20.1% 29.5% 21.7% 15.1%
1975 19.1% 26.1% 22% 16.1%
1974 18.3% 30.3% 19.9% 15.4%
1973 18.4% 32.8% 19.7% 15.8%
1972 17.2% 31.8% 19.8% 17.7%
1971 17.5% 30.4% 20% 20.1%
1970 14.9% 28.6% 20.5% 21%
1969 14.5% 26.1% 21.5% 14.4%
1968 13.8% 27.7% 22.7% 15.8%
1967 14.7% 26.7% 21.4% 16.1%
1966 14.3% 24.8% 21.4% 15.3%
1965 13.8% 24.1% 21.1% 17.6%
1964 13.5% 22.7% 21% 19.6%
1963 13.3% 21.8% 22.6% 22.2%
1962 14% 19.7% 21.7% 23.6%
1961 13.2% 20.3% 21.9% 26.3%
1960 12.5% 16.1% 22.2% 28.5%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1995, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/costa-rica/france | CC BY

In 2024, Costa Rica's government spending was $18B, accounting for 18.9% of its GDP, while France spent $1.81T, or 57.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 59.8% in Costa Rica and 113.1% in France, ranking 79/185 and 14/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Costa Rica

France
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Costa Rica France
2024 -3.78% -5.77%
2023 -3.25% -5.44%
2022 -2.81% -4.74%
2021 -5.09% -6.58%
2020 -8.38% -8.93%
2019 -6.68% -2.39%
2018 -5.66% -2.32%
2017 -5.88% -3.36%
2016 -5.09% -3.76%
2015 -5.52% -3.89%
2014 -5.45% -4.57%
2013 -5.25% -4.94%
2012 -4.22% -5.17%
2011 -3.91% -5.3%
2010 -4.96% -7.16%
2009 -3.25% -7.38%
2008 0.18% -3.5%
2007 0.56% -2.99%
2006 -1.04% -2.66%
2005 -2.09% -3.5%
2004 -3.42% -3.55%
2003 -3.43% -4.09%
2002 -4.99% -3.18%
2001 -3.47% -1.42%
2000 -3.68% -1.32%
1999 -2.88% -1.55%
1998 -2.96% -2.39%
1997 -3.39% -3.71%
1996 -4.32% -3.89%
1995 -3.68% -5.11%
1994 -5.46% -5.46%
1993 -1.52% -6.4%
1992 -1.51% -4.64%
1991 -2.41% -2.89%
1990 -4.4% -2.45%
1989 -1.55% -1.9%
1988 0.57% -2.7%
1987 -2.57% -2.13%
1986 -4.26% -3.3%
1985 -1.06% -3.08%
1984 -0.5% -2.8%
1983 -1.84% -2.58%
1982 -0.94% -2.91%
1981 -3.14% -2.39%
1980 -7.24% -0.27%
1979 -6.6% -0.36%
1978 -4.12% -1.73%
1977 -2.63% 0.9%
1976 -2.42% 1.01%
1975 -1.13% -0.28%
1974 0.26% 3.05%
1973 -2.41% 1.97%
1972 -4.54% 1.94%
1971 -4.72% -0.13%
1970 -1.41% 0.02%
1969 -1.61% -0.49%
1968 -1.72% -2.54%
1967 -3.03% -0.8%
1966 -2.12% -0.57%
1965 -1.71% -0.07%
1964 -1.51% -0.25%
1963 -2.01% -2.24%
1962 -1.99% -1.53%
1961 -0.71% -1.36%
1960 -0.19% -1.95%
1959 0.49% 0.56%
1958 0% 0.08%
1957 0.3% -1.99%
1956 0.05% -2.62%
1955 - -1.04%
1954 - -0.78%
1953 - -4.79%
1952 - -6.82%
1951 - -4.42%
1950 - -5.56%
1949 - -7.31%
1948 - -9.11%
1947 - -7.6%
1946 - -8.1%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -6.89%
1936 - -4.76%
1935 - -4.22%
1934 - -4.31%
1933 - -4.96%
1932 - -1.86%
1931 - -2.06%
1930 - -1.65%
1929 - 1.48%
1928 - 1.13%
1927 - -0.04%
1926 - -0.02%
1925 - -0.87%
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - 0.05%
1912 - 0.23%
1911 - 0.31%
1910 - -0.12%
1909 - -0.11%
1908 - -0.15%
1907 - 0.23%
1906 - -0.04%
1905 - 0.18%
1904 - 0.3%
1903 - 0.21%
1902 - -0.37%
1901 - -0.39%
1900 - 0.21%
1899 - 0.21%
1898 - 0.29%
1897 - 0.01%
1896 - -0.03%
1895 - -0.07%
1894 - -0.08%
1893 - -0.3%
1892 - -0.03%
1891 - 0.36%
1890 - 0.31%
1889 - 0.09%
1888 - 0.18%
1887 - -0.07%
1886 - -0.5%
1885 - -0.59%
1884 - -0.35%
1883 - -0.23%
1882 - -0.15%
1881 - 0.64%
1880 - 0.65%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/costa-rica/france | CC BY

In 2024, Costa Rica's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $3.61B, equivalent to 3.78% of GDP. This compares to France's deficit of $182B, or 5.77% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Costa Rica recorded a fiscal deficit in 61 of those years, while France ran a deficit in 59 years. On average, Costa Rica posted an annual deficit equal to 3.11% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.71% of GDP for France.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Costa Rica

France
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Costa Rica France
2024 -0.41% 2%
2023 0.53% 4.88%
2022 8.27% 5.22%
2021 1.73% 1.64%
2020 0.72% 0.48%
2019 2.1% 1.11%
2018 2.22% 1.85%
2017 1.63% 1.03%
2016 -0.02% 0.18%
2015 0.8% 0.04%
2014 4.52% 0.51%
2013 5.23% 0.86%
2012 4.5% 1.95%
2011 4.88% 2.11%
2010 5.66% 1.53%
2009 7.84% 0.09%
2008 13.4% 2.81%
2007 9.36% 1.49%
2006 11.5% 1.68%
2005 13.8% 1.75%
2004 12.3% 2.14%
2003 9.45% 2.1%
2002 9.17% 1.92%
2001 11.3% 1.63%
2000 11% 1.68%
1999 10% 0.54%
1998 11.7% 0.65%
1997 13.2% 1.2%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/costa-rica/france | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Costa Rica has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.66%, compared with 1.61% in France. In 2024, inflation was -0.41% in Costa Rica and 2% in France.

Top exports between countries

Costa Rica
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $84.4M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $11.7M
Precious metals & jewellery $1.06M
Machinery & equipment $758K
Animal & marine products $603K
Chemicals & pharma $513K
Raw materials & minerals $339K
Miscellaneous $118K
Wood & paper products $107K
Metals $77K
France
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $26.6M
Machinery & equipment $20M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $15.9M
Metals $4.61M
Textiles & consumer goods $3.45M
Raw materials & minerals $3.3M
Raw agricultural goods $2.49M
Wood & paper products $976K
Animal & marine products $417K
Miscellaneous $398K

Balance of trade

Costa Rica France
Current account balance
-$1.25B
2024
$2.69B
2024
Current account balance ranking
129/190
2024
42/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.31%
2024
+0.09%
2024
Goods imports
$23.1B
2024
$733B
2024
Goods exports
$20.6B
2024
$668B
2024
Service imports
$7.58B
2024
$341B
2024
Service exports
$16.3B
2024
$403B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.8%
2024
34.2%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
38.5%
2024
33.9%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Costa Rica France
Economic freedom 69.1 64.6
Economic freedom ranking 43/197 72/197
Property rights 66 91.2
Government integrity 64.1 73.4
Judicial effectiveness 76.9 84.7
Tax burden 78.6 54.6
Government spending 89.3 0.9
Fiscal health 75.6 34.8
Business freedom 79.9 78.4
Labor freedom 55.9 59.1
Monetary freedom 78.2 73.2
Trade freedom 75 79.4
Investment freedom 50 75
Financial freedom 40 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Costa Rica
France
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Costa Rica France
2026 69.1 64.6
2025 68.6 64.4
2024 67.7 62.5
2023 66.5 63.6
2022 65.4 65.9
2021 64.2 65.7
2020 65.8 66
2019 65.3 63.8
2018 65.6 63.9
2017 65 63.3
2016 67.4 62.3
2015 67.2 62.5
2014 66.9 63.5
2013 67 64.1
2012 68 63.2
2011 67.3 64.6
2010 65.9 64.2
2009 66.4 63.3
2008 64.2 64.7
2007 64 62.1
2006 65.9 61.1
2005 66.1 60.5
2004 66.4 60.9
2003 67 59.2
2002 67.5 58
2001 67.6 58
2000 68.4 57.4
1999 67.4 59.1
1998 65.6 58.9
1997 65.6 59.1
1996 66.4 63.7
1995 68 64.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/costa-rica/france | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Costa Rica is 69.1, ranking 43/197, compared to 64.6 for France, ranking 72/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Costa Rica France
Services, % of GDP
68.8%
2024
70.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
19.7%
2024
17.2%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.56%
2024
1.3%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$80.2B
2024
$3.1T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$28,840
2024
$63,880
2024
Total reserves including gold
$14.2B
2024
$283B
2024
Total reserves ranking
70/177
2024
13/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$4.96B
2024
-$10.3B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$5.3B
2024
$52.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$337M
2024
$41.7B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
6.31%
2023
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
20.3%
2024
15.6%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
15.7%
2024
21.5%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/costa-rica/france | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1995, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.