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Economy of France vs Mozambique compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

France has a GDP of $3.16T compared to $22.4B for Mozambique, ranking 7/197 and 123/197 by economy size, respectively.

France has $3.58T in government debt (116.3% of GDP), compared to $21.7B (101.1% of GDP) in Mozambique.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

France
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Mozambique
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
France Mozambique
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $61,756,878,990 $508,897,750,935 - -
1961 $66,806,595,975 $533,344,343,072 - -
1962 $74,888,595,286 $569,994,161,067 - -
1963 $83,957,182,115 $605,326,016,607 - -
1964 $93,079,224,076 $644,223,451,498 - -
1965 $100,522,559,916 $675,197,188,364 - -
1966 $108,928,356,519 $710,376,197,079 - -
1967 $117,751,396,249 $745,158,757,032 - -
1968 $128,427,504,709 $778,321,728,133 - -
1969 $140,361,802,782 $833,684,910,477 - -
1970 $146,926,998,937 $885,376,114,120 - -
1971 $164,238,872,973 $932,571,962,138 - -
1972 $201,621,751,625 $974,886,243,665 - -
1973 $262,343,828,816 $1,039,326,074,354 - -
1974 $283,102,178,123 $1,088,078,748,925 - -
1975 $356,780,728,163 $1,075,844,942,666 - -
1976 $368,488,292,816 $1,123,030,884,958 - -
1977 $406,736,454,934 $1,163,152,896,909 - -
1978 $501,724,418,605 $1,208,457,476,980 - -
1979 $608,218,624,730 $1,253,113,736,481 - -
1980 $694,529,183,483 $1,274,121,102,725 - $2,851,825,334
1981 $609,184,791,792 $1,289,261,671,632 - $2,994,416,685
1982 $578,152,310,610 $1,320,752,051,529 - $2,787,801,951
1983 $553,356,312,936 $1,337,420,703,410 - $2,350,116,988
1984 $525,033,325,828 $1,358,946,108,005 - $2,197,359,386
1985 $547,220,981,165 $1,380,268,983,034 - $2,219,332,908
1986 $764,946,585,851 $1,413,251,000,996 - $2,168,288,339
1987 $926,320,855,615 $1,449,327,712,382 - $2,487,026,735
1988 $1,010,827,662,152 $1,519,101,594,975 - $2,690,962,807
1989 $1,016,742,237,302 $1,586,020,591,646 - $2,865,875,512
1990 $1,257,649,439,827 $1,630,899,060,963 - $2,894,534,062
1991 $1,258,961,748,634 $1,651,067,777,785 $3,854,856,435 $3,037,102,926
1992 $1,389,663,073,110 $1,676,098,974,379 $2,798,696,511 $2,806,992,351
1993 $1,314,383,368,080 $1,670,081,815,759 $2,883,161,897 $3,114,089,525
1994 $1,385,822,778,828 $1,709,890,902,349 $2,958,108,170 $3,314,642,611
1995 $1,595,219,345,512 $1,749,300,344,480 $3,061,646,174 $3,385,008,954
1996 $1,598,889,216,566 $1,773,739,467,493 $4,030,146,135 $3,747,066,498
1997 $1,449,392,222,971 $1,818,562,957,062 $4,873,663,775 $4,189,780,379
1998 $1,496,906,382,032 $1,881,350,558,838 $5,551,118,149 $4,624,228,448
1999 $1,486,915,879,702 $1,945,303,460,550 $6,285,219,691 $5,170,672,900
2000 $1,360,959,069,477 $2,025,858,476,151 $5,930,685,215 $5,210,292,404
2001 $1,370,376,677,299 $2,064,338,989,613 $5,650,154,067 $5,879,902,616
2002 $1,492,427,756,382 $2,086,380,974,763 $5,950,769,427 $6,448,401,314
2003 $1,835,095,983,049 $2,106,573,536,968 $6,583,526,861 $6,913,827,632
2004 $2,109,792,297,237 $2,166,995,343,502 $7,937,255,565 $7,481,086,790
2005 $2,192,146,403,028 $2,207,920,477,337 $8,868,504,900 $7,953,294,767
2006 $2,317,861,544,691 $2,267,844,862,926 $9,509,835,537 $8,741,520,167
2007 $2,655,816,911,867 $2,325,232,266,329 $10,811,456,006 $9,410,189,984
2008 $2,926,802,941,586 $2,334,072,135,222 $12,920,340,965 $10,057,425,621
2009 $2,700,075,882,519 $2,268,145,064,849 $12,263,894,790 $10,653,727,557
2010 $2,646,230,027,988 $2,313,515,332,183 $11,411,894,724 $11,365,367,724
2011 $2,870,408,553,990 $2,369,909,039,106 $14,619,279,989 $12,176,179,698
2012 $2,683,007,095,787 $2,374,265,767,668 $16,688,114,144 $13,149,604,768
2013 $2,816,077,607,875 $2,392,826,743,357 $17,198,073,057 $14,013,719,723
2014 $2,861,236,112,552 $2,416,703,156,974 $17,978,246,586 $15,093,136,077
2015 $2,442,483,452,643 $2,442,483,452,643 $16,208,985,770 $16,208,985,770
2016 $2,470,407,619,777 $2,463,489,569,347 $12,069,051,237 $16,970,320,250
2017 $2,588,868,323,335 $2,514,819,204,088 $13,264,640,646 $17,418,032,490
2018 $2,781,576,320,884 $2,556,210,832,760 $15,017,358,953 $18,025,039,082
2019 $2,722,793,515,172 $2,608,036,638,906 $15,512,759,047 $18,442,825,952
2020 $2,647,926,055,110 $2,413,981,867,676 $14,235,420,174 $18,217,911,540
2021 $2,966,433,692,008 $2,580,120,255,052 $16,168,055,475 $18,651,030,678
2022 $2,796,302,210,399 $2,646,451,030,890 $18,883,528,581 $19,465,045,725
2023 $3,051,831,611,385 $2,671,234,714,487 $20,954,220,984 $20,523,332,839
2024 $3,162,079,073,496 $2,702,385,011,318 $22,416,650,343 $20,903,378,791

Economic indicators

France Mozambique
Gross domestic product
$3.16T
2024
$22.4B
2024
GDP rank
7/197
2024
123/197
2024
GDP growth
3.61%
2023-2024
6.98%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$46,150
2024
$647
2024
GDP per capita rank
27/197
2024
190/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$61,322
2024
$1,700
2024
Government debt
$3.58T
2024
$21.7B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
116.3%
2025
101.1%
2025
Government debt per person
$52,199
2024
$625
2024
Government debt per person rank
8/185
2024
158/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$33,898
2025
$2,107
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.37T
2018
n/a
Number of millionaires
2,868,031
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
52
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
25%
2023
40.8%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
3%
2023
1.7%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
57.3%
2025
32.2%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2%
2023-2024
4.9%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
10.3%
2025
Unemployment rate
7.39%
2024
6.79%
2022
Population
68701054
36441519

GDP per capita in France vs Mozambique

France's GDP per capita is $46,150, ranking 27/197, compared to $647 in Mozambique, ranking 190/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), France ranks 29th at $61,322, while Mozambique ranks 193rd at $1,700.

France
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Mozambique
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
France Mozambique
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $1,303 - - -
1961 $1,395 - - -
1962 $1,548 - - -
1963 $1,718 - - -
1964 $1,884 - - -
1965 $2,015 - - -
1966 $2,165 - - -
1967 $2,321 - - -
1968 $2,513 - - -
1969 $2,724 - - -
1970 $2,825 - - -
1971 $3,128 - - -
1972 $3,807 - - -
1973 $4,914 - - -
1974 $5,267 - - -
1975 $6,607 - - -
1976 $6,795 - - -
1977 $7,465 - - -
1978 $9,167 - - -
1979 $11,063 - - -
1980 $12,565 - - -
1981 $10,956 - - -
1982 $10,360 - - -
1983 $9,862 - - -
1984 $9,312 - - -
1985 $9,657 - - -
1986 $13,430 - - -
1987 $16,176 - - -
1988 $17,550 - - -
1989 $17,547 - - -
1990 $21,586 $17,472 - $296
1991 $21,501 $18,178 $288.7 $315
1992 $23,615 $18,790 $205.6 $292
1993 $22,239 $19,071 $205.2 $321
1994 $23,360 $19,874 $196.8 $326
1995 $26,792 $20,688 $191.8 $321
1996 $26,758 $21,261 $244.4 $350
1997 $24,169 $22,185 $287.5 $387
1998 $24,869 $23,261 $320 $422
1999 $24,576 $24,204 $354 $468
2000 $22,341 $26,002 $327 $472
2001 $22,332 $27,350 $305 $533
2002 $24,145 $28,350 $314 $580
2003 $29,480 $28,028 $339 $620
2004 $33,645 $28,925 $400 $673
2005 $34,696 $30,431 $437 $721
2006 $36,432 $32,430 $457 $798
2007 $41,486 $34,067 $508 $862
2008 $45,465 $35,053 $592 $916
2009 $41,728 $34,667 $548 $951
2010 $40,695 $35,912 $496 $1,000
2011 $43,930 $37,510 $618 $1,064
2012 $40,864 $37,671 $686 $1,076
2013 $42,669 $39,583 $687 $1,114
2014 $43,148 $40,218 $697 $1,166
2015 $36,702 $40,916 $611 $1,318
2016 $37,024 $42,880 $441 $1,379
2017 $38,687 $44,469 $471 $1,283
2018 $41,418 $46,381 $518 $1,326
2019 $40,408 $51,130 $519 $1,389
2020 $39,170 $49,482 $462 $1,412
2021 $43,725 $52,517 $510 $1,457
2022 $41,083 $56,181 $578 $1,582
2023 $44,691 $58,318 $623 $1,678
2024 $46,150 $61,322 $647 $1,700

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, France's government spending was $1.81T, accounting for 57.3% of its GDP, while Mozambique's spent $7.59B, or 32.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 116.3% in France and 101.1% in Mozambique, ranking 12/185 and 21/185, respectively.

France
Government spending

Government debt
Mozambique
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
France Mozambique
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 22.2% 28.5% - -
1961 21.9% 26.3% - -
1962 21.7% 23.6% - -
1963 22.6% 22.2% - -
1964 21% 19.6% - -
1965 21.1% 17.6% - -
1966 21.4% 15.3% - -
1967 21.4% 16.1% - -
1968 22.7% 15.8% - -
1969 21.5% 14.4% - -
1970 20.5% 21% - -
1971 20% 20.1% - -
1972 19.8% 17.7% - -
1973 19.7% 15.8% - -
1974 19.9% 15.4% - -
1975 22% 16.1% - -
1976 21.7% 15.1% - -
1977 21.4% 15% - -
1978 44.7% 21.2% - -
1979 44.9% 21.1% - -
1980 46% 20.7% 14.2% -
1981 48.5% 22% 23.8% -
1982 49.9% 25.3% 27% -
1983 50.2% 26.6% 35.3% -
1984 51.2% 29% 30.9% -
1985 51.9% 30.6% 21% -
1986 51.3% 31.1% 24.2% -
1987 50.7% 33.4% 22.9% -
1988 50.1% 33.3% 27% -
1989 48.9% 34% 27% -
1990 51.6% 36.8% 21% -
1991 52.7% 37.8% 17.3% -
1992 54% 41.7% 21.1% -
1993 56.5% 48.2% 20.7% -
1994 55.9% 51.6% 22.9% -
1995 56% 57.8% 18.8% -
1996 56% 60.6% 14.9% -
1997 55.6% 62% 16.5% -
1998 54% 62.1% 14.9% -
1999 53.7% 61.4% 15.6% 94.7%
2000 52.6% 59.7% 17.2% 95.8%
2001 52.8% 59.3% 20.8% 99.8%
2002 53.9% 61.3% 18.6% 63.4%
2003 54.4% 65.4% 18.6% 63.2%
2004 54% 66.9% 17.8% 50.8%
2005 54.3% 68.2% 17% 60.1%
2006 53.7% 65.4% 20.1% 40%
2007 53.6% 65.5% 20.9% 31.2%
2008 54.3% 69.8% 21.3% 32.8%
2009 58% 84.1% 25.7% 39.3%
2010 57.7% 86.3% 26.6% 38.6%
2011 57% 88.7% 28.9% 34.2%
2012 57.9% 91.7% 28.1% 36.7%
2013 58.6% 94.5% 31.7% 49.5%
2014 58.4% 96.1% 39.7% 63.4%
2015 57.6% 96.9% 32.2% 86%
2016 57.4% 98.1% 28.7% 124.8%
2017 57.7% 98.7% 28.6% 103.8%
2018 56.4% 98.5% 31.2% 105.5%
2019 55.3% 98.1% 28% 98.3%
2020 61.7% 114.8% 33.9% 120%
2021 59.5% 112.7% 32.1% 104.3%
2022 58.4% 111.3% 32.9% 100.3%
2023 56.9% 109.7% 33.3% 90.8%
2024 57.2% 113.1% 33.9% 96.6%
2025 57.3% 116.3% 32.2% 101.1%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, France's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$183B, equivalent to -5.79% of GDP. This compares to Mozambique's deficit of -$1.43B, or -6.38% of GDP.

Over the past 34 years, France recorded a fiscal deficit in 34 of those years, while Mozambique ran a deficit in 33 years. On average, France posted an annual deficit equal to -4.23% of GDP, compared to deficit of -3.38% of GDP for Mozambique.

Deficit/surplus
France

Mozambique
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
France Mozambique
1880 0.65% -
1881 0.64% -
1882 -0.15% -
1883 -0.23% -
1884 -0.35% -
1885 -0.59% -
1886 -0.5% -
1887 -0.07% -
1888 0.18% -
1889 0.09% -
1890 0.31% -
1891 0.36% -
1892 -0.03% -
1893 -0.3% -
1894 -0.08% -
1895 -0.07% -
1896 -0.03% -
1897 0.01% -
1898 0.29% -
1899 0.21% -
1900 0.21% -
1901 -0.39% -
1902 -0.37% -
1903 0.21% -
1904 0.3% -
1905 0.18% -
1906 -0.04% -
1907 0.23% -
1908 -0.15% -
1909 -0.11% -
1910 -0.12% -
1911 0.31% -
1912 0.23% -
1913 0.05% -
1914 0.05% -
1915 0.05% -
1916 0.05% -
1917 0.05% -
1918 0.05% -
1919 -2.65% -
1920 6.6% -
1921 4.63% -
1922 2.42% -
1923 1.85% -
1924 2.11% -
1925 -0.87% -
1926 -0.02% -
1927 -0.04% -
1928 1.13% -
1929 1.48% -
1930 -1.65% -
1931 -2.06% -
1932 -1.86% -
1933 -4.96% -
1934 -4.31% -
1935 -4.22% -
1936 -4.76% -
1937 -6.89% -
1938 -6.89% -
1939 -6.89% -
1940 -6.89% -
1941 -6.89% -
1942 -6.89% -
1943 -6.89% -
1944 -6.89% -
1945 -6.89% -
1946 -8.1% -
1947 -7.6% -
1948 -9.11% -
1949 -7.31% -
1950 -5.56% -
1951 -4.42% -
1952 -6.82% -
1953 -4.79% -
1954 -0.78% -
1955 -1.04% -
1956 -2.62% -
1957 -1.99% -
1958 0.08% -
1959 0.56% -
1960 -1.95% -
1961 -1.36% -
1962 -1.53% -
1963 -2.24% -
1964 -0.25% -
1965 -0.07% -
1966 -0.57% -
1967 -0.8% -
1968 -2.54% -
1969 -0.49% -
1970 0.02% -
1971 -0.13% -
1972 1.94% -
1973 1.97% -
1974 3.05% -
1975 -0.28% -
1976 1.01% -
1977 0.9% -
1978 -1.73% -
1979 -0.36% -
1980 -0.27% -1.47%
1981 -2.39% -7.41%
1982 -2.91% -3.61%
1983 -2.58% -15.8%
1984 -2.8% -13.4%
1985 -3.08% -9.69%
1986 -3.3% -12.1%
1987 -2.13% -7.24%
1988 -2.7% -6.47%
1989 -1.9% -4.23%
1990 -2.45% -4.42%
1991 -2.89% -2.01%
1992 -4.64% -1.85%
1993 -6.4% -2.53%
1994 -5.46% -4%
1995 -5.11% -2.46%
1996 -3.89% -2.07%
1997 -3.71% -1.81%
1998 -2.39% -1.08%
1999 -1.55% -0.31%
2000 -1.32% -1.26%
2001 -1.42% -4.43%
2002 -3.18% -3.36%
2003 -4.09% -2.64%
2004 -3.55% -3.17%
2005 -3.5% -2.06%
2006 -2.66% -3.03%
2007 -2.99% -2.19%
2008 -3.5% -1.9%
2009 -7.38% -4.35%
2010 -7.16% -3.4%
2011 -5.3% -4.34%
2012 -5.17% -3.45%
2013 -4.94% -2.46%
2014 -4.57% -9.75%
2015 -3.89% -6.55%
2016 -3.76% -5.06%
2017 -3.36% -1.99%
2018 -2.32% -5.7%
2019 -2.39% 1.7%
2020 -8.93% -6.19%
2021 -6.58% -5.23%
2022 -4.74% -5.22%
2023 -5.45% -4.23%
2024 -5.79% -6.38%
2025 -5.46% -5.58%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, France has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.62%, compared with 9.7% in Mozambique. In 2024, inflation was 2% in France and 4.9% in Mozambique.

Inflation
France

Mozambique
Year Inflation
France Mozambique France Mozambique
1996 1.98% 48.5%
1997 1.2% 7.4%
1998 0.65% 1.5%
1999 0.54% 2.9%
2000 1.68% 12.7%
2001 1.63% 9.1%
2002 1.92% 16.8%
2003 2.1% 13.5%
2004 2.14% 12.6%
2005 1.75% 6.4%
2006 1.68% 13.2%
2007 1.49% 10.4%
2008 2.81% 14.5%
2009 0.09% 3.8%
2010 1.53% 12.4%
2011 2.11% 11.2%
2012 1.95% 2.6%
2013 0.86% 4.3%
2014 0.51% 2.6%
2015 0.04% 3.6%
2016 0.18% 18.4%
2017 1.03% 15.8%
2018 1.85% 3.2%
2019 1.11% 5.7%
2020 0.48% 0.9%
2021 1.64% 6.6%
2022 5.22% 10.4%
2023 4.88% 7%
2024 2% 3.2%
2025 - 4.9%

Top exports between countries

France
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $29.5M
Raw agricultural goods $6.2M
Chemicals & pharma $4.45M
Textiles & consumer goods $4.02M
Metals $3.23M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.87M
Raw materials & minerals $1.18M
Wood & paper products $465K
Miscellaneous $423K
Animal & marine products $414K
Mozambique
Export category Export value
Metals $9.86M
Raw materials & minerals $2.4M
Precious metals & jewellery $1.31M
Raw agricultural goods $888K
Machinery & equipment $550K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $348K
Animal & marine products $297K
Chemicals & pharma $127K
Textiles & consumer goods $109K
Wood & paper products $77K

Balance of trade

France Mozambique
Current account balance
$2.69B
2024
-$2.49B
2024
Current account balance ranking
39/189
2024
148/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.09%
2024
-11.1%
2024
Goods imports
$733B
2024
$8.38B
2024
Goods exports
$668B
2024
$8.21B
2024
Service imports
$341B
2024
$2.11B
2024
Service exports
$403B
2024
$1.15B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
34%
2024
52.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.2%
2024
42.7%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

France Mozambique
Economic freedom 64.4 50.7
Economic freedom ranking 69/197 163/197
Property rights 92.9 31.6
Government integrity 74.3 24.9
Judicial effectiveness 84.2 44.9
Tax burden 54.3 75.4
Government spending 0 68.8
Fiscal health 30 51.9
Business freedom 81.9 37.3
Labor freedom 60.2 47.7
Monetary freedom 70.3 72.3
Trade freedom 79.6 74
Investment freedom 75 40
Financial freedom 70 40

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for France is 64.4, ranking 69/197, compared to 50.7 for Mozambique, ranking 163/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

France
Mozambique
Year Economic freedom index
France Mozambique
1995 64.4 45.5
1996 63.7 48.4
1997 59.1 44
1998 58.9 43
1999 59.1 48.9
2000 57.4 52.2
2001 58 59.2
2002 58 57.7
2003 59.2 58.6
2004 60.9 57.2
2005 60.5 54.6
2006 61.1 51.9
2007 62.1 54.7
2008 64.7 55.4
2009 63.3 55.7
2010 64.2 56
2011 64.6 56.8
2012 63.2 57.1
2013 64.1 55
2014 63.5 55
2015 62.5 54.8
2016 62.3 53.2
2017 63.3 49.9
2018 63.9 46.3
2019 63.8 48.6
2020 66 50.5
2021 65.7 51.6
2022 65.9 51.3
2023 63.6 52.5
2024 62.5 50.7
2025 64.4 50.7

More economic indicators

France Mozambique
Services, % of GDP
70.4%
2024
38.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
17.5%
2024
24.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.43%
2024
26.3%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$3.1T
2024
$18.9B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$62,620
2024
$1,510
2024
Total reserves including gold
$283B
2024
$3.84B
2024
Total reserves ranking
13/177
2024
108/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$10.3B
2024
-$3.55B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$52.1B
2024
$3.51B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$41.7B
2024
-$44.1M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
n/a
22.7%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
15.6%
2021
65%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.9%
2024
24.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Economy comparisons

Economy vs France vs Mozambique
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.