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Economy of France vs Venezuela compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

France has a GDP of $3.16T compared to $120B for Venezuela, ranking 7/197 and 65/197 by economy size, respectively.

France has $3.58T in government debt (113.1% of GDP), compared to $197B (164.3% of GDP) in Venezuela.

France vs Venezuela GDP by year

France
Venezuela
1x
Year GDP, current $
France Venezuela
2024 $3,160,442,622,465 $119,802,963,258
2023 $3,056,250,648,138 $102,376,526,556
2022 $2,794,788,137,067 $89,013,255,585
2021 $2,966,433,692,008 $56,614,976,855
2020 $2,647,926,055,110 $42,838,020,721
2019 $2,722,793,515,172 $73,014,084,091
2018 $2,781,576,320,884 $102,021,093,965
2017 $2,588,868,323,335 $115,883,275,163
2016 $2,470,407,619,777 $112,915,034,262
2015 $2,442,483,452,643 $125,449,241,571
2014 $2,861,236,112,552 $214,689,614,733
2013 $2,816,077,607,875 $258,930,655,486
2012 $2,683,007,095,787 $372,592,062,768
2011 $2,870,408,553,990 $316,482,190,800
2010 $2,646,230,027,988 $393,192,354,511
2009 $2,700,075,882,519 $329,787,628,928
2008 $2,926,802,941,586 $315,953,388,511
2007 $2,655,816,911,867 $230,364,012,576
2006 $2,317,861,544,691 $183,477,522,124
2005 $2,192,146,403,028 $145,513,489,652
2004 $2,109,792,297,237 $112,451,400,425
2003 $1,835,095,983,049 $83,620,628,582
2002 $1,492,427,756,382 $92,893,587,734
2001 $1,370,376,677,299 $122,911,036,747
2000 $1,360,959,069,477 $117,146,466,003
1999 $1,486,915,879,702 $97,972,842,462
1998 $1,496,906,382,032 $91,336,763,255
1997 $1,449,392,222,971 $85,837,678,560
1996 $1,598,889,216,566 $70,543,211,119
1995 $1,595,219,345,512 $77,389,487,770
1994 $1,385,822,778,828 $58,418,666,667
1993 $1,314,383,368,080 $60,037,460,783
1992 $1,389,663,073,110 $60,416,519,620
1991 $1,258,961,748,634 $53,453,444,787
1990 $1,257,649,439,827 $48,606,952,195
1989 $1,016,742,237,302 $43,536,709,104
1988 $1,010,827,662,152 $60,226,413,793
1987 $926,320,855,615 $48,029,034,483
1986 $764,946,585,851 $60,516,123,711
1985 $547,220,981,165 $61,965,466,667
1984 $525,033,325,828 $59,867,743,468
1983 $553,356,312,936 $67,556,279,070
1982 $578,152,310,610 $67,736,744,186
1981 $609,184,791,792 $66,327,441,860
1980 $694,529,183,483 $59,116,511,628
1979 $608,218,624,730 $48,310,930,233
1978 $501,724,418,605 $39,316,279,070
1977 $406,401,711,688 $36,210,697,674
1976 $368,363,152,144 $31,419,534,884
1975 $357,324,307,786 $27,464,651,163
1974 $282,739,225,314 $26,100,930,233
1973 $261,970,536,240 $17,035,581,395
1972 $201,738,881,664 $13,977,727,273
1971 $164,694,210,962 $12,986,590,909
1970 $147,312,861,698 $11,561,111,111
1969 $140,660,914,841 $10,285,111,111
1968 $128,710,572,572 $10,034,444,444
1967 $118,088,635,381 $9,250,000,000
1966 $109,306,730,313 $8,781,333,333
1965 $100,927,668,584 $8,427,777,778
1964 $93,424,179,943 $8,192,413,793
1963 $84,227,606,650 $9,608,717,288
1962 $75,196,980,365 $8,814,309,884
1961 $67,158,050,215 $8,067,267,031
1960 $61,959,085,885 $7,663,938,303

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/venezuela | CC BY

GDP per capita in France vs Venezuela by year

France
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Venezuela
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
France Venezuela
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $46,103 $62,557 $4,218 -
2023 $44,700 $60,839 $3,617 -
2022 $40,989 $57,043 $3,155 -
2021 $43,725 $52,517 $2,005 -
2020 $39,170 $49,482 $1,506 -
2019 $40,408 $51,130 $2,523 -
2018 $41,418 $46,381 $3,423 -
2017 $38,687 $44,469 $3,791 -
2016 $37,024 $42,880 $3,670 -
2015 $36,702 $40,905 $4,103 -
2014 $43,148 $40,218 $7,096 -
2013 $42,669 $39,583 $8,656 -
2012 $40,864 $37,671 $12,607 -
2011 $43,930 $37,510 $10,844 $21,241
2010 $40,695 $35,908 $13,646 $20,236
2009 $41,728 $34,685 $11,597 $20,562
2008 $45,465 $35,053 $11,262 $21,402
2007 $41,486 $34,066 $8,332 $20,236
2006 $36,432 $32,424 $6,739 $18,399
2005 $34,696 $30,431 $5,432 $16,511
2004 $33,645 $28,921 $4,269 $14,757
2003 $29,480 $28,024 $3,230 $12,359
2002 $24,145 $28,350 $3,652 $13,375
2001 $22,332 $27,347 $4,920 $14,714
2000 $22,341 $26,007 $4,776 $14,174
1999 $24,576 $24,204 $4,071 $13,623
1998 $24,869 $23,263 $3,870 $14,568
1997 $24,169 $22,190 $3,711 $14,655
1996 $26,758 $21,268 $3,113 $13,824
1995 $26,792 $20,701 $3,487 $13,890
1994 $23,360 $19,892 $2,689 $13,370
1993 $22,239 $19,094 $2,825 $13,702
1992 $23,615 $18,801 $2,907 $13,652
1991 $21,501 $18,198 $2,633 $12,880
1990 $21,586 $17,475 $2,452 $11,628
1989 $17,547 - $2,250 -
1988 $17,550 - $3,191 -
1987 $16,176 - $2,611 -
1986 $13,430 - $3,376 -
1985 $9,657 - $3,549 -
1984 $9,312 - $3,520 -
1983 $9,862 - $4,079 -
1982 $10,360 - $4,202 -
1981 $10,956 - $4,228 -
1980 $12,565 - $3,874 -
1979 $11,063 - $3,257 -
1978 $9,167 - $2,727 -
1977 $7,459 - $2,585 -
1976 $6,792 - $2,309 -
1975 $6,617 - $2,078 -
1974 $5,261 - $2,034 -
1973 $4,907 - $1,367 -
1972 $3,809 - $1,155 -
1971 $3,137 - $1,106 -
1970 $2,833 - $1,015 -
1969 $2,729 - $932 -
1968 $2,518 - $938 -
1967 $2,328 - $893 -
1966 $2,173 - $876 -
1965 $2,024 - $869 -
1964 $1,891 - $874 -
1963 $1,723 - $1,060 -
1962 $1,554 - $1,007 -
1961 $1,402 - $954 -
1960 $1,307 - $939 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/venezuela | CC BY

France's GDP per capita is $46,103, ranking 27/197, compared to $4,218 in Venezuela, ranking 128/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), France ranks 30th at $62,557, while Venezuela ranks 93rd at $21,241.

Economic indicators

France Venezuela
Gross domestic product
$3.16T
2024
$120B
2024
GDP rank
7/197
2024
65/197
2024
GDP growth
1.19%
2023-2024
5.3%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$46,103
2024
$4,218
2024
GDP per capita rank
27/197
2024
128/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$62,557
2024
$21,241
2011
GDP per capita PPP rank
30/197
2024
93/197
2011
Government debt
$3.58T
2024
$197B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
113.1%
2024
164.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$52,165
2024
$6,931
2024
Government debt per person rank
8/185
2024
69/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$35,669
2026
$3,792
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.37T
2018
$3.98B
2002
Number of millionaires
2,897,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
52
2025
1
2025
Income share by richest 10%
25%
2023
33.2%
2006
Income share by poorest 10%
3%
2023
1.2%
2006
Government expenditure, % of GDP
57.2%
2024
17.6%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2%
2023-2024
49%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
58.4%
2025
Unemployment rate
7.44%
2024
7.53%
2020
Population
68788006
28661242

Spending and national debt comparison by year

France
Spending

Debt
Venezuela
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
France Venezuela
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 57.2% 113.1% 17.6% 164.3%
2023 56.8% 109.6% 13.1% 138.5%
2022 58.4% 111.4% 15.1% 164.4%
2021 59.5% 112.8% 13.1% 254.2%
2020 61.7% 114.9% 11.2% 337%
2019 55.3% 98.1% 21% 206%
2018 56.4% 98.5% 37.9% 175.3%
2017 57.7% 98.7% 21.8% 133.6%
2016 57.4% 98.1% 19.7% 138.4%
2015 57.6% 96.9% 22.9% 129.8%
2014 58.4% 96.1% 31.6% 84.9%
2013 58.6% 94.5% 36.5% 85.4%
2012 57.9% 91.7% 38% 58.4%
2011 57% 88.7% 39.4% 52.5%
2010 57.7% 86.3% 31.1% 37.7%
2009 58% 84.1% 33.3% 27.6%
2008 54.3% 69.8% 34.9% 20.3%
2007 53.6% 65.5% 35.9% 26.4%
2006 53.7% 65.4% 39.3% 25.7%
2005 54.3% 68.2% 33.5% 34.9%
2004 54% 66.9% 31.9% 41.8%
2003 54.4% 65.4% 32.2% 56%
2002 53.9% 61.3% 31% 48.2%
2001 52.8% 59.3% 31.9% 30.7%
2000 52.6% 59.7% 28.3% 27.7%
1999 53.7% 61.4% 26.1% 29.6%
1998 54% 62.1% 28.8% 30.7%
1997 55.6% 62% 31% 34.8%
1996 56% 60.6% 27.7% 45.9%
1995 56% 57.8% 32.9% 45.9%
1994 55.9% 51.6% 42.2% 63.9%
1993 56.5% 48.2% 27.7% 57.7%
1992 54% 41.7% 30.6% 54.8%
1991 52.7% 37.8% 33.9% 62.2%
1990 51.6% 36.8% 31.9% 63.3%
1989 48.9% 34% 32.5% 61.8%
1988 50.1% 33.3% 33.2% 46.3%
1987 50.7% 33.4% 25.1% 58.3%
1986 51.3% 31.1% 21.5% 45.9%
1985 51.9% 30.6% 20.3% 34.1%
1984 51.2% 29% 19.7% 36.4%
1983 50.2% 26.6% 25.3% 21.4%
1982 49.9% 25.3% 29% 18.6%
1981 48.5% 22% 29.6% 18.9%
1980 46% 20.7% 22% 16.6%
1979 44.9% 21.1% 22.3% 19.2%
1978 44.7% 21.2% 29.2% 16.6%
1977 21.4% 15% 30.6% 12.7%
1976 21.7% 15.1% 26.6% 9.64%
1975 22% 16.1% 33.8% 8.31%
1974 19.9% 15.4% 35.3% 7.72%
1973 19.7% 15.8% 20% 9.78%
1972 19.8% 17.7% 21.3% 10.6%
1971 20% 20.1% 19.6% 9.64%
1970 20.5% 21% 19.5% 10.6%
1969 21.5% 14.4% 21% 9.91%
1968 22.7% 15.8% 19.8% 7.84%
1967 21.4% 16.1% 19.8% 6.74%
1966 21.4% 15.3% 19.1% 5.84%
1965 21.1% 17.6% 18.7% 5.46%
1964 21% 19.6% 17.9% 4.95%
1963 22.6% 22.2% 18.7% 6.3%
1962 21.7% 23.6% 17.6% 7.24%
1961 21.9% 26.3% 11.8% 8.79%
1960 22.2% 28.5% 23.7% 8.28%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1997, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/venezuela | CC BY

In 2024, France's government spending was $1.81T, accounting for 57.2% of its GDP, while Venezuela spent $21.1B, or 17.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 113.1% in France and 164.3% in Venezuela, ranking 14/185 and 5/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
France

Venezuela
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
France Venezuela
2024 -5.77% -3.6%
2023 -5.44% -1.25%
2022 -4.74% -5.29%
2021 -6.58% -5.85%
2020 -8.93% -6.63%
2019 -2.39% -10.9%
2018 -2.32% -31%
2017 -3.36% -13.3%
2016 -3.76% -8.46%
2015 -3.89% -8.06%
2014 -4.57% -9.81%
2013 -4.94% -10.4%
2012 -5.17% -9.86%
2011 -5.3% -8.24%
2010 -7.16% -4.74%
2009 -7.38% -8.69%
2008 -3.5% -3.46%
2007 -2.99% -2.82%
2006 -2.66% -1.6%
2005 -3.5% 4.09%
2004 -3.55% 2.47%
2003 -4.09% 0.17%
2002 -3.18% -1.48%
2001 -1.42% -4.59%
2000 -1.32% 4.45%
1999 -1.55% 0.74%
1998 -2.39% -4.49%
1997 -3.71% 2.58%
1996 -3.89% 7.94%
1995 -5.11% -5.86%
1994 -5.46% -11.2%
1993 -6.4% -2.92%
1992 -4.64% -6.37%
1991 -2.89% -2.28%
1990 -2.45% 3.84%
1989 -1.9% -0.91%
1988 -2.7% -9.24%
1987 -2.13% -7.47%
1986 -3.3% 0.82%
1985 -3.08% 6.97%
1984 -2.8% 5.33%
1983 -2.58% 1.24%
1982 -2.91% -0.17%
1981 -2.39% 4.74%
1980 -0.27% 4.41%
1979 -0.36% -3.07%
1978 -1.73% -5.44%
1977 0.9% -4.69%
1976 1.01% 1.65%
1975 -0.28% 0.88%
1974 3.05% 2.76%
1973 1.97% 1.98%
1972 1.94% 0.42%
1971 -0.13% 0.78%
1970 0.02% -1.22%
1969 -0.49% -2.17%
1968 -2.54% -0.32%
1967 -0.8% 0.51%
1966 -0.57% 0.23%
1965 -0.07% 0.39%
1964 -0.25% 1.91%
1963 -2.24% 1.92%
1962 -1.53% 2.14%
1961 -1.36% -1.91%
1960 -1.95% -4.08%
1959 0.56% -4.98%
1958 0.08% -4.86%
1957 -1.99% 6.7%
1956 -2.62% 0.76%
1955 -1.04% 0.38%
1954 -0.78% 1.84%
1953 -4.79% 0.03%
1952 -6.82% -0.5%
1951 -4.42% -0.24%
1950 -5.56% -0.23%
1949 -7.31% 0.15%
1948 -9.11% 1.27%
1947 -7.6% 0.09%
1946 -8.1% -0.9%
1945 - 2.9%
1944 - 1.85%
1943 - -0.27%
1942 - 0.2%
1941 - 0.01%
1940 - -1.07%
1939 - -0.78%
1938 - 0.68%
1937 -6.89% 0.73%
1936 -4.76% -0.52%
1935 -4.22% -2.23%
1934 -4.31% 1.34%
1933 -4.96% 1.03%
1932 -1.86% 0.51%
1931 -2.06% 1.02%
1930 -1.65% -2.03%
1929 1.48% -0.34%
1928 1.13% -0.68%
1927 -0.04% 1.55%
1926 -0.02% 0.14%
1925 -0.87% 0.54%
1924 - 0.37%
1923 - 1.32%
1922 - 1.57%
1921 - -0.97%
1920 - -1.75%
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 0.05% -
1912 0.23% -
1911 0.31% -
1910 -0.12% -
1909 -0.11% -
1908 -0.15% -
1907 0.23% -
1906 -0.04% -
1905 0.18% -
1904 0.3% -
1903 0.21% -
1902 -0.37% -
1901 -0.39% -
1900 0.21% -
1899 0.21% -
1898 0.29% -
1897 0.01% -
1896 -0.03% -
1895 -0.07% -
1894 -0.08% -
1893 -0.3% -
1892 -0.03% -
1891 0.36% -
1890 0.31% -
1889 0.09% -
1888 0.18% -
1887 -0.07% -
1886 -0.5% -
1885 -0.59% -
1884 -0.35% -
1883 -0.23% -
1882 -0.15% -
1881 0.64% -
1880 0.65% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/venezuela | CC BY

In 2024, France's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $182B, equivalent to 5.77% of GDP. This compares to Venezuela's deficit of $4.31B, or 3.6% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, France recorded a fiscal deficit in 59 of those years, while Venezuela ran a deficit in 39 years. On average, France posted an annual deficit equal to 2.71% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.59% of GDP for Venezuela.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
France

Venezuela
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
France Venezuela
2024 2% 49%
2023 4.88% 338%
2022 5.22% 186.5%
2021 1.64% 1,589%
2020 0.48% 2,355%
2019 1.11% 19,906%
2018 1.85% 65,374%
2017 1.03% 438%
2016 0.18% 254.9%
2015 0.04% 121.7%
2014 0.51% 62.2%
2013 0.86% 40.6%
2012 1.95% 21.1%
2011 2.11% 26.1%
2010 1.53% 28.2%
2009 0.09% 26%
2008 2.81% 31.4%
2007 1.49% 18.7%
2006 1.68% 13.7%
2005 1.75% 16%
2004 2.14% 21.7%
2003 2.1% 31.1%
2002 1.92% 22.4%
2001 1.63% 12.5%
2000 1.68% 16.2%
1999 0.54% 23.6%
1998 0.65% 35.8%
1997 1.2% 50%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/venezuela | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, France has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.61%, compared with 3,254% in Venezuela. In 2024, inflation was 2% in France and 49% in Venezuela.

Top exports between countries

France
Export category Export value
Transport & tourism services $44.2M
Raw materials & minerals $24.3M
IT & IP services $18.9M
Raw agricultural goods $17.4M
Chemicals & pharma $16.3M
Machinery & equipment $11M
Business & finance services $9.6M
Government & miscellaneous services $2.66M
Animal & marine products $2.47M
Manufacturing & construction services $2.36M
Venezuela
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $8.37M
Animal & marine products $4.58M
Machinery & equipment $182K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $94K
Chemicals & pharma $11K
Textiles & consumer goods $2K
Precious metals & jewellery $1K

Balance of trade

France Venezuela
Current account balance
$2.69B
2024
-$3.87B
2016
Current account balance ranking
42/190
2024
161/190
2016
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.09%
2024
-3.43%
2016
Goods imports
$733B
2024
$16.3B
2016
Goods exports
$668B
2024
$27.4B
2016
Service imports
$341B
2024
$9.47B
2016
Service exports
$403B
2024
$1.28B
2016
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
34.2%
2024
9.22%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.9%
2024
16.9%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

France Venezuela
Economic freedom 64.6 27.3
Economic freedom ranking 72/197 194/197
Property rights 91.2 0
Government integrity 73.4 6.9
Judicial effectiveness 84.7 5.1
Tax burden 54.6 73.4
Government spending 0.9 93
Fiscal health 34.8 29.1
Business freedom 78.4 31.1
Labor freedom 59.1 35.5
Monetary freedom 73.2 0
Trade freedom 79.4 43.2
Investment freedom 75 0
Financial freedom 70 10

Economic freedom comparison by year

France
Venezuela
1x
Year Economic freedom index
France Venezuela
2026 64.6 27.3
2025 64.4 27.6
2024 62.5 28.1
2023 63.6 25.8
2022 65.9 24.8
2021 65.7 24.7
2020 66 25.2
2019 63.8 25.9
2018 63.9 25.2
2017 63.3 27
2016 62.3 33.7
2015 62.5 34.3
2014 63.5 36.3
2013 64.1 36.1
2012 63.2 38.1
2011 64.6 37.6
2010 64.2 37.1
2009 63.3 39.9
2008 64.7 44.7
2007 62.1 47.9
2006 61.1 44.6
2005 60.5 45.2
2004 60.9 46.7
2003 59.2 54.8
2002 58 54.7
2001 58 54.6
2000 57.4 57.4
1999 59.1 56.1
1998 58.9 54
1997 59.1 52.8
1996 63.7 54.5
1995 64.4 59.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/venezuela | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for France is 64.6, ranking 72/197, compared to 27.3 for Venezuela, ranking 194/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

France Venezuela
Services, % of GDP
70.9%
2024
51.7%
2014
Industry, % of GDP
17.2%
2024
37.2%
2014
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.3%
2024
5.03%
2014
GNI, Atlas method
$3.1T
2024
$109B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$63,880
2024
$20,800
2011
Total reserves including gold
$283B
2024
$9.79B
2017
Total reserves ranking
13/177
2024
77/177
2017
Net foreign direct investment
-$10.3B
2024
-$27M
2016
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$52.1B
2024
$1.63B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$41.7B
2024
$2.6B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
15.6%
2021
33.1%
2015
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.5%
2024
4.9%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/venezuela | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1997, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2013–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.