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Economy of France vs Jordan compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

France has a GDP of $3.37T compared to $61.6B for Jordan, ranking 7/197 and 90/197 by economy size, respectively.

France has $3.9T in government debt (116% of GDP), compared to $51B (82.8% of GDP) in Jordan.

France vs Jordan GDP by year

France
Jordan
1x
Year GDP, current $
France Jordan
2025 $3,366,315,927,447 $61,610,052,535
2024 $3,160,442,622,465 $58,618,380,563
2023 $3,056,250,648,138 $56,123,472,113
2022 $2,794,788,137,067 $53,516,930,141
2021 $2,966,433,692,008 $50,702,940,986
2020 $2,647,926,055,110 $47,931,770,986
2019 $2,722,793,515,172 $48,640,273,803
2018 $2,781,576,320,884 $47,435,850,423
2017 $2,588,868,323,335 $45,535,614,366
2016 $2,470,407,619,777 $43,688,498,732
2015 $2,442,483,452,643 $42,394,049,296
2014 $2,861,236,112,552 $40,535,098,592
2013 $2,816,077,607,875 $37,873,362,958
2012 $2,683,007,095,787 $34,854,017,887
2011 $2,870,408,553,990 $32,640,291,549
2010 $2,646,230,027,988 $30,202,773,521
2009 $2,700,075,882,519 $27,462,496,197
2008 $2,926,802,941,586 $25,651,620,831
2007 $2,655,816,911,867 $17,110,437,236
2006 $2,317,861,544,691 $15,056,981,664
2005 $2,192,146,403,028 $12,588,998,590
2004 $2,109,792,297,237 $11,411,706,629
2003 $1,835,095,983,049 $10,195,627,645
2002 $1,492,427,756,382 $9,582,510,578
2001 $1,370,376,677,299 $8,975,814,653
2000 $1,360,959,069,477 $8,460,789,845
1999 $1,486,915,879,702 $8,149,929,478
1998 $1,496,906,382,032 $7,912,270,804
1997 $1,449,392,222,971 $7,245,839,210
1996 $1,598,889,216,566 $6,927,503,526
1995 $1,595,219,345,512 $6,727,597,032
1994 $1,385,822,778,828 $6,236,295,978
1993 $1,314,383,368,080 $5,606,400,222
1992 $1,389,663,073,110 $5,310,833,194
1991 $1,258,961,748,634 $4,344,467,193
1990 $1,257,649,439,827 $4,160,087,508
1989 $1,016,742,237,302 $4,221,373,674
1988 $1,010,827,662,152 $6,277,451,829
1987 $926,320,855,615 $6,756,209,762
1986 $764,946,585,851 $6,402,050,485
1985 $547,220,981,165 $4,993,601,520
1984 $525,033,325,828 $4,967,162,160
1983 $553,356,312,936 $4,920,692,191
1982 $578,152,310,610 $4,681,240,993
1981 $609,184,791,792 $4,383,944,703
1980 $694,529,183,483 $3,910,044,474
1979 $608,218,624,730 $3,271,368,781
1978 $501,724,418,605 $2,602,208,589
1977 $406,401,711,688 $2,096,778,602
1976 $368,363,152,144 $1,708,521,219
1975 $357,324,307,786 $1,363,073,498
1974 $282,739,225,314 $1,197,483,949
1973 $261,970,536,240 $943,783,840
1972 $201,738,881,664 $788,479,685
1971 $164,694,210,962 $678,159,729
1970 $147,312,861,698 $639,519,744
1969 $140,660,914,841 $698,879,720
1968 $128,710,572,572 $561,119,776
1967 $118,088,635,381 $631,679,747
1966 $109,306,730,313 $657,999,737
1965 $100,927,668,584 $599,759,760
1964 $93,424,179,943 -
1963 $84,227,606,650 -
1962 $75,196,980,365 -
1961 $67,158,050,215 -
1960 $61,959,085,885 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/jordan | CC BY

GDP per capita in France vs Jordan by year

France
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Jordan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
France Jordan
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $48,986 - $5,348 -
2024 $46,103 $62,557 $5,074 $10,821
2023 $44,700 $60,839 $4,906 $10,412
2022 $40,989 $57,043 $4,754 $9,927
2021 $43,725 $52,517 $4,582 $9,182
2020 $39,170 $49,482 $4,411 $9,579
2019 $40,408 $51,130 $4,558 $9,429
2018 $41,418 $46,381 $4,534 $9,042
2017 $38,687 $44,469 $4,449 $9,266
2016 $37,024 $42,880 $4,366 $8,748
2015 $36,702 $40,905 $4,442 $8,967
2014 $43,148 $40,218 $4,611 $9,145
2013 $42,669 $39,583 $4,739 $9,817
2012 $40,864 $37,671 $4,594 $9,739
2011 $43,930 $37,510 $4,363 $9,632
2010 $40,695 $35,908 $4,139 $9,417
2009 $41,728 $34,685 $3,845 $9,291
2008 $45,465 $35,053 $3,670 $8,983
2007 $41,486 $34,066 $2,506 $8,416
2006 $36,432 $32,424 $2,343 $8,046
2005 $34,696 $30,431 $2,088 $7,697
2004 $33,645 $28,921 $1,940 $7,074
2003 $29,480 $28,024 $1,776 $6,500
2002 $24,145 $28,350 $1,706 $6,256
2001 $22,332 $27,347 $1,632 $5,948
2000 $22,341 $26,007 $1,571 $5,641
1999 $24,576 $24,204 $1,545 $5,402
1998 $24,869 $23,263 $1,532 $5,264
1997 $24,169 $22,190 $1,436 $5,171
1996 $26,758 $21,268 $1,410 $5,055
1995 $26,792 $20,701 $1,416 $5,027
1994 $23,360 $19,892 $1,367 $4,830
1993 $22,239 $19,094 $1,289 $4,726
1992 $23,615 $18,801 $1,287 $4,654
1991 $21,501 $18,198 $1,110 $4,195
1990 $21,586 $17,475 $1,149 $4,317
1989 $17,547 - $1,260 -
1988 $17,550 - $1,966 -
1987 $16,176 - $2,217 -
1986 $13,430 - $2,200 -
1985 $9,657 - $1,797 -
1984 $9,312 - $1,871 -
1983 $9,862 - $1,939 -
1982 $10,360 - $1,929 -
1981 $10,956 - $1,885 -
1980 $12,565 - $1,750 -
1979 $11,063 - $1,519 -
1978 $9,167 - $1,249 -
1977 $7,459 - $1,039 -
1976 $6,792 - $873 -
1975 $6,617 - $718 -
1974 $5,261 - $651 -
1973 $4,907 - $531 -
1972 $3,809 - $460 -
1971 $3,137 - $412 -
1970 $2,833 - $409 -
1969 $2,729 - $474 -
1968 $2,518 - $409 -
1967 $2,328 - $497 -
1966 $2,173 - $558 -
1965 $2,024 - $546 -
1964 $1,891 - - -
1963 $1,723 - - -
1962 $1,554 - - -
1961 $1,402 - - -
1960 $1,307 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/jordan | CC BY

France's GDP per capita is $48,986, ranking 27/197, compared to $5,348 in Jordan, ranking 120/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), France ranks 30th at $62,557, while Jordan ranks 131st at $10,821.

Economic indicators

France Jordan
Gross domestic product
$3.37T
2025
$61.6B
2025
GDP rank
7/197
2025
90/197
2025
GDP growth
0.84%
2024-2025
2.83%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$48,986
2025
$5,348
2025
GDP per capita rank
27/197
2025
120/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$62,557
2024
$10,821
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
30/197
2024
131/197
2024
Government debt
$3.9T
2025
$51B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
116%
2025
82.8%
2025
Government debt per person
$56,819
2025
$4,430
2025
Government debt per person rank
8/185
2025
91/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$35,062
2026
$4,506
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.37T
2018
$37.4B
2025
Number of millionaires
2,388,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
51
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
25%
2023
27.4%
2010
Income share by poorest 10%
3%
2023
3.5%
2010
Government expenditure, % of GDP
57.5%
2025
33.7%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
0.94%
2024-2025
1.77%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
5.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
7.7%
2025
16.8%
2024
Population
68871753
11538682

Spending and national debt comparison by year

France
Spending

Debt
Jordan
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
France Jordan
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 57.5% 116% 33.7% 82.8%
2024 57.3% 113.2% 34.6% 82.1%
2023 56.8% 109.6% 33.9% 81%
2022 58.4% 111.4% 32.8% 80.7%
2021 59.5% 112.8% 33.8% 79.9%
2020 61.7% 114.9% 33% 77.9%
2019 55.3% 98.2% 32.7% 69.4%
2018 56.4% 98.5% 33.3% 67.9%
2017 57.7% 98.8% 31.7% 69.1%
2016 57.4% 98.1% 30% 70.7%
2015 57.6% 97% 32.3% 71.4%
2014 58.4% 96.2% 36.3% 68.2%
2013 58.6% 94.6% 34.5% 68.8%
2012 57.9% 91.7% 28.3% 64%
2011 57% 88.7% 29.3% 56.1%
2010 57.7% 86.3% 26.6% 53.4%
2009 58% 84.1% 30.7% 51.8%
2008 54.3% 69.8% 29.6% 47.9%
2007 53.6% 65.5% 32.4% 58.2%
2006 53.7% 65.4% 34% 60%
2005 54.3% 68.2% 36.6% 66.1%
2004 54% 66.9% 35.1% 73.8%
2003 54.4% 65.4% 35% 80.4%
2002 53.9% 61.3% 31.6% 85.9%
2001 52.8% 59.3% 30.6% 85.5%
2000 52.6% 59.7% 31.2% 89.9%
1999 53.7% 61.4% 31.8% 98.7%
1998 54% 62.1% 32.3% 96.3%
1997 55.6% 62% 30.7% 94.7%
1996 56% 60.6% 32.6% 101.2%
1995 56% 57.8% 32.1% 102.4%
1994 55.9% 51.6% 30.6% 112.1%
1993 56.5% 48.2% 32.5% 122.1%
1992 54% 41.7% 31.7% 134.7%
1991 52.7% 37.8% 39.6% 180.5%
1990 51.6% 36.8% 39.9% 197.7%
1989 48.9% 34% 42.5% 195.4%
1988 50.1% 33.3% 44.3% 129.3%
1987 50.7% 33.4% 42.1% 101.9%
1986 51.3% 31.1% 33.8% 84.3%
1985 51.9% 30.6% 42.4% 85.2%
1984 51.2% 29% - -
1983 50.2% 26.6% - -
1982 49.9% 25.3% - -
1981 48.5% 22% - -
1980 46% 20.7% - -
1979 44.9% 21.1% - -
1978 44.7% 21.2% - -
1977 21.4% 15% - -
1976 21.7% 15.1% - -
1975 22% 16.1% - -
1974 19.9% 15.4% - -
1973 19.7% 15.8% - -
1972 19.8% 17.7% - -
1971 20% 20.1% - -
1970 20.5% 21% - -
1969 21.5% 14.4% - -
1968 22.7% 15.8% - -
1967 21.4% 16.1% - -
1966 21.4% 15.3% - -
1965 21.1% 17.6% - -
1964 21% 19.6% - -
1963 22.6% 22.2% - -
1962 21.7% 23.6% - -
1961 21.9% 26.3% - -
1960 22.2% 28.5% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/jordan | CC BY

In 2025, France's government spending was $1.93T, accounting for 57.5% of its GDP, while Jordan spent $20.8B, or 33.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 116% in France and 82.8% in Jordan, ranking 13/185 and 39/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
France

Jordan
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
France Jordan
2025 -5.11% -6.35%
2024 -5.79% -7.27%
2023 -5.44% -6.49%
2022 -4.74% -4.9%
2021 -6.58% -6.62%
2020 -8.93% -7.56%
2019 -2.39% -5.06%
2018 -2.32% -4.23%
2017 -3.36% -3.22%
2016 -3.76% -2.62%
2015 -3.89% -5.18%
2014 -4.57% -6.75%
2013 -4.94% -8.78%
2012 -5.17% -3.33%
2011 -5.3% -1.21%
2010 -7.16% 0.19%
2009 -7.38% -2.28%
2008 -3.5% 1.92%
2007 -2.99% 2.76%
2006 -2.66% -1.86%
2005 -3.5% -2.2%
2004 -3.55% 0.56%
2003 -4.09% -1.6%
2002 -3.18% -3.21%
2001 -1.42% -1.13%
2000 -1.32% -1.85%
1999 -1.55% -1.13%
1998 -2.39% -5.59%
1997 -3.71% -2.68%
1996 -3.89% -2.69%
1995 -5.11% -1.45%
1994 -5.46% -1.67%
1993 -6.4% -1.43%
1992 -4.64% 2.07%
1991 -2.89% -8.1%
1990 -2.45% -6.82%
1989 -1.9% -6.89%
1988 -2.7% -13%
1987 -2.13% -13.4%
1986 -3.3% -2.39%
1985 -3.08% -6.9%
1984 -2.8% -
1983 -2.58% -
1982 -2.91% -
1981 -2.39% -
1980 -0.27% -
1979 -0.36% -
1978 -1.73% -
1977 0.9% -
1976 1.01% -
1975 -0.28% -
1974 3.05% -
1973 1.97% -
1972 1.94% -
1971 -0.13% -
1970 0.02% -
1969 -0.49% -
1968 -2.54% -
1967 -0.8% -
1966 -0.57% -
1965 -0.07% -
1964 -0.25% -
1963 -2.24% -
1962 -1.53% -
1961 -1.36% -
1960 -1.95% -
1959 0.56% -
1958 0.08% -
1957 -1.99% -
1956 -2.62% -
1955 -1.04% -
1954 -0.78% -
1953 -4.79% -
1952 -6.82% -
1951 -4.42% -
1950 -5.56% -
1949 -7.31% -
1948 -9.11% -
1947 -7.6% -
1946 -8.1% -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 -6.89% -
1936 -4.76% -
1935 -4.22% -
1934 -4.31% -
1933 -4.96% -
1932 -1.86% -
1931 -2.06% -
1930 -1.65% -
1929 1.48% -
1928 1.13% -
1927 -0.04% -
1926 -0.02% -
1925 -0.87% -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 0.05% -
1912 0.23% -
1911 0.31% -
1910 -0.12% -
1909 -0.11% -
1908 -0.15% -
1907 0.23% -
1906 -0.04% -
1905 0.18% -
1904 0.3% -
1903 0.21% -
1902 -0.37% -
1901 -0.39% -
1900 0.21% -
1899 0.21% -
1898 0.29% -
1897 0.01% -
1896 -0.03% -
1895 -0.07% -
1894 -0.08% -
1893 -0.3% -
1892 -0.03% -
1891 0.36% -
1890 0.31% -
1889 0.09% -
1888 0.18% -
1887 -0.07% -
1886 -0.5% -
1885 -0.59% -
1884 -0.35% -
1883 -0.23% -
1882 -0.15% -
1881 0.64% -
1880 0.65% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/jordan | CC BY

In 2025, France's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $172B, equivalent to 5.11% of GDP. This compares to Jordan's deficit of $3.91B, or 6.35% of GDP.

Over the past 41 years, France recorded a fiscal deficit in 41 of those years, while Jordan ran a deficit in 36 years. On average, France posted an annual deficit equal to 4.02% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.91% of GDP for Jordan.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
France

Jordan
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
France Jordan
2025 0.94% 1.77%
2024 2% 1.56%
2023 4.88% 2.08%
2022 5.22% 4.23%
2021 1.64% 1.35%
2020 0.48% 0.33%
2019 1.11% 0.76%
2018 1.85% 4.46%
2017 1.03% 3.32%
2016 0.18% -0.78%
2015 0.04% -0.88%
2014 0.51% 2.9%
2013 0.86% 4.82%
2012 1.95% 4.52%
2011 2.11% 4.16%
2010 1.53% 4.85%
2009 0.09% -0.74%
2008 2.81% 14%
2007 1.49% 4.74%
2006 1.68% 6.25%
2005 1.75% 3.49%
2004 2.14% 3.36%
2003 2.1% 1.63%
2002 1.92% 1.83%
2001 1.63% 1.77%
2000 1.68% 0.67%
1999 0.54% 0.61%
1998 0.65% 3.09%
1997 1.2% 3.04%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/jordan | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, France has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.59%, compared with 2.87% in Jordan. In 2025, inflation was 0.94% in France and 1.77% in Jordan.

Top exports between countries

France
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $1.08B
Chemicals & pharma $101M
Raw agricultural goods $81.2M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $41.6M
Animal & marine products $12.9M
Textiles & consumer goods $9.87M
Raw materials & minerals $9.17M
Metals $4.96M
Wood & paper products $3.63M
Miscellaneous $1.28M
Jordan
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $9.64M
Machinery & equipment $8.85M
Raw agricultural goods $4.14M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.54M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.08M
Chemicals & pharma $1.93M
Metals $1.8M
Precious metals & jewellery $124K
Miscellaneous $37K
Wood & paper products $2K

Balance of trade

France Jordan
Current account balance
-$9.24B
2025
-$3.13B
2024
Current account balance ranking
173/190
2025
152/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.27%
2025
-5.33%
2024
Goods imports
$770B
2025
$23.9B
2024
Goods exports
$704B
2025
$13.3B
2024
Service imports
$370B
2025
$6.5B
2024
Service exports
$429B
2025
$9.45B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.8%
2025
57.1%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.4%
2025
42.6%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

France Jordan
Economic freedom 64.6 59.3
Economic freedom ranking 72/197 104/197
Property rights 91.2 52.3
Government integrity 73.4 51
Judicial effectiveness 84.7 44
Tax burden 54.6 84.1
Government spending 0.9 67.2
Fiscal health 34.8 5.2
Business freedom 78.4 62.7
Labor freedom 59.1 51.3
Monetary freedom 73.2 81.2
Trade freedom 79.4 82
Investment freedom 75 70
Financial freedom 70 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

France
Jordan
1x
Year Economic freedom index
France Jordan
2026 64.6 59.3
2025 64.4 59.4
2024 62.5 58.3
2023 63.6 58.8
2022 65.9 60.1
2021 65.7 64.6
2020 66 66
2019 63.8 66.5
2018 63.9 64.9
2017 63.3 66.7
2016 62.3 68.3
2015 62.5 69.3
2014 63.5 69.2
2013 64.1 70.4
2012 63.2 69.9
2011 64.6 68.9
2010 64.2 66.1
2009 63.3 65.4
2008 64.7 64.1
2007 62.1 64.5
2006 61.1 63.7
2005 60.5 66.7
2004 60.9 66.1
2003 59.2 65.3
2002 58 66.2
2001 58 68.3
2000 57.4 67.5
1999 59.1 67.4
1998 58.9 66.8
1997 59.1 63.6
1996 63.7 60.8
1995 64.4 62.7

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/jordan | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for France is 64.6, ranking 72/197, compared to 59.3 for Jordan, ranking 104/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

France Jordan
Services, % of GDP
70.9%
2025
56.8%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
16.8%
2025
27.4%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.4%
2025
5.56%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$3.34T
2025
$60.6B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$65,110
2025
$12,440
2025
Total reserves including gold
$428B
2025
$26.6B
2025
Total reserves ranking
12/177
2025
61/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$7.24B
2025
-$1.58B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$52.1B
2024
$1.63B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$41.7B
2024
$54.1M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
7.85%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
15.6%
2021
14.2%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.9%
2025
23%
2021

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.