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Economy of France vs Indonesia compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

France has a GDP of $3.16T compared to $1.4T for Indonesia, ranking 7/197 and 16/197 by economy size, respectively.

France has $3.58T in government debt (113.1% of GDP), compared to $561B (40.2% of GDP) in Indonesia.

France vs Indonesia GDP by year

France
Indonesia
1x
Year GDP, current $
France Indonesia
2024 $3,160,442,622,465 $1,396,300,098,191
2023 $3,056,250,648,138 $1,371,169,301,564
2022 $2,794,788,137,067 $1,319,101,183,380
2021 $2,966,433,692,008 $1,186,509,691,087
2020 $2,647,926,055,110 $1,059,054,842,698
2019 $2,722,793,515,172 $1,119,099,871,350
2018 $2,781,576,320,884 $1,042,271,532,989
2017 $2,588,868,323,335 $1,015,618,744,160
2016 $2,470,407,619,777 $931,877,364,038
2015 $2,442,483,452,643 $860,854,232,686
2014 $2,861,236,112,552 $890,814,755,534
2013 $2,816,077,607,875 $912,524,136,718
2012 $2,683,007,095,787 $917,869,913,333
2011 $2,870,408,553,990 $892,969,104,563
2010 $2,646,230,027,988 $755,094,157,622
2009 $2,700,075,882,519 $539,580,085,612
2008 $2,926,802,941,586 $510,228,634,992
2007 $2,655,816,911,867 $432,216,737,775
2006 $2,317,861,544,691 $364,570,515,618
2005 $2,192,146,403,028 $285,868,619,196
2004 $2,109,792,297,237 $256,836,875,295
2003 $1,835,095,983,049 $234,772,463,824
2002 $1,492,427,756,382 $195,660,611,165
2001 $1,370,376,677,299 $160,446,947,785
2000 $1,360,959,069,477 $165,021,012,078
1999 $1,486,915,879,702 $140,001,351,215
1998 $1,496,906,382,032 $95,445,547,873
1997 $1,449,392,222,971 $215,748,998,610
1996 $1,598,889,216,566 $227,369,679,375
1995 $1,595,219,345,512 $202,132,028,723
1994 $1,385,822,778,828 $176,892,143,932
1993 $1,314,383,368,080 $158,006,700,302
1992 $1,389,663,073,110 $128,026,966,580
1991 $1,258,961,748,634 $116,621,996,217
1990 $1,257,649,439,827 $106,140,727,334
1989 $1,016,742,237,302 $94,451,427,877
1988 $1,010,827,662,152 $84,300,174,486
1987 $926,320,855,615 $75,929,617,558
1986 $764,946,585,851 $79,954,072,545
1985 $547,220,981,165 $85,289,488,375
1984 $525,033,325,828 $84,853,700,028
1983 $553,356,312,936 $81,052,283,384
1982 $578,152,310,610 $90,158,449,295
1981 $609,184,791,792 $85,518,233,419
1980 $694,529,183,483 $72,482,337,397
1979 $608,218,624,730 $51,400,186,343
1978 $501,724,418,605 $51,455,719,076
1977 $406,401,711,688 $45,808,915,663
1976 $368,363,152,144 $37,269,156,627
1975 $357,324,307,786 $30,463,855,422
1974 $282,739,225,314 $25,802,409,639
1973 $261,970,536,240 $16,273,253,012
1972 $201,738,881,664 $10,997,590,361
1971 $164,694,210,962 $9,333,536,370
1970 $147,312,861,698 $9,150,684,932
1969 $140,660,914,841 $8,337,423,313
1968 $128,710,572,572 $7,076,465,300
1967 $118,088,635,381 $5,667,756,628
1966 $109,306,730,313 -
1965 $100,927,668,584 -
1964 $93,424,179,943 -
1963 $84,227,606,650 -
1962 $75,196,980,365 -
1961 $67,158,050,215 -
1960 $61,959,085,885 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/indonesia | CC BY

GDP per capita in France vs Indonesia by year

France
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Indonesia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
France Indonesia
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $46,103 $62,557 $4,925 $16,448
2023 $44,700 $60,839 $4,876 $15,416
2022 $40,989 $57,043 $4,731 $14,285
2021 $43,725 $52,517 $4,287 $12,757
2020 $39,170 $49,482 $3,854 $11,729
2019 $40,408 $51,130 $4,107 $11,986
2018 $41,418 $46,381 $3,861 $11,372
2017 $38,687 $44,469 $3,799 $10,688
2016 $37,024 $42,880 $3,521 $10,263
2015 $36,702 $40,905 $3,288 $10,028
2014 $43,148 $40,218 $3,441 $10,065
2013 $42,669 $39,583 $3,567 $9,866
2012 $40,864 $37,671 $3,632 $9,530
2011 $43,930 $37,510 $3,579 $8,937
2010 $40,695 $35,908 $3,066 $8,353
2009 $41,728 $34,685 $2,218 $7,868
2008 $45,465 $35,053 $2,125 $7,569
2007 $41,486 $34,066 $1,823 $7,096
2006 $36,432 $32,424 $1,558 $6,583
2005 $34,696 $30,431 $1,238 $6,134
2004 $33,645 $28,921 $1,127 $5,700
2003 $29,480 $28,024 $1,043 $5,353
2002 $24,145 $28,350 $881 $5,076
2001 $22,332 $27,347 $732 $4,849
2000 $22,341 $26,007 $764 $4,639
1999 $24,576 $24,204 $657 $4,386
1998 $24,869 $23,263 $455 $4,356
1997 $24,169 $22,190 $1,045 $5,037
1996 $26,758 $21,268 $1,119 $4,807
1995 $26,792 $20,701 $1,011 $4,451
1994 $23,360 $19,892 $900 $4,096
1993 $22,239 $19,094 $817 $3,793
1992 $23,615 $18,801 $674 $3,538
1991 $21,501 $18,198 $624 $3,305
1990 $21,586 $17,475 $578 $3,044
1989 $17,547 - $524 -
1988 $17,550 - $477 -
1987 $16,176 - $438 -
1986 $13,430 - $470 -
1985 $9,657 - $511 -
1984 $9,312 - $520 -
1983 $9,862 - $508 -
1982 $10,360 - $578 -
1981 $10,956 - $561 -
1980 $12,565 - $487 -
1979 $11,063 - $353 -
1978 $9,167 - $362 -
1977 $7,459 - $331 -
1976 $6,792 - $275.7 -
1975 $6,617 - $231.1 -
1974 $5,261 - $200.7 -
1973 $4,907 - $129.9 -
1972 $3,809 - $90.1 -
1971 $3,137 - $78.5 -
1970 $2,833 - $79.1 -
1969 $2,729 - $74.1 -
1968 $2,518 - $64.7 -
1967 $2,328 - $53.2 -
1966 $2,173 - - -
1965 $2,024 - - -
1964 $1,891 - - -
1963 $1,723 - - -
1962 $1,554 - - -
1961 $1,402 - - -
1960 $1,307 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/indonesia | CC BY

France's GDP per capita is $46,103, ranking 27/197, compared to $4,925 in Indonesia, ranking 121/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), France ranks 30th at $62,557, while Indonesia ranks 107th at $16,448.

Economic indicators

France Indonesia
Gross domestic product
$3.16T
2024
$1.4T
2024
GDP rank
7/197
2024
16/197
2024
GDP growth
1.19%
2023-2024
5.03%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$46,103
2024
$4,925
2024
GDP per capita rank
27/197
2024
121/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$62,557
2024
$16,448
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
30/197
2024
107/197
2024
Government debt
$3.58T
2024
$561B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
113.1%
2024
40.2%
2024
Government debt per person
$52,165
2024
$1,978
2024
Government debt per person rank
8/185
2024
120/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$35,669
2026
$3,371
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.37T
2018
$758B
2023
Number of millionaires
2,897,000
2025
178,605
2025
Number of billionaires
52
2025
33
2025
Income share by richest 10%
25%
2023
28.8%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
3%
2023
3.5%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
57.2%
2024
16.8%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2%
2023-2024
2.18%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
4.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
7.44%
2024
3.31%
2023
Population
68788006
288551776

Spending and national debt comparison by year

France
Spending

Debt
Indonesia
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
France Indonesia
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 57.2% 113.1% 16.8% 40.2%
2023 56.8% 109.6% 16.6% 39.6%
2022 58.4% 111.4% 17.3% 40.1%
2021 59.5% 112.8% 18.1% 41.1%
2020 61.7% 114.9% 18.4% 39.7%
2019 55.3% 98.1% 16.4% 30.6%
2018 56.4% 98.5% 16.6% 30.4%
2017 57.7% 98.7% 16.4% 29.4%
2016 57.4% 98.1% 16.9% 28%
2015 57.6% 96.9% 17.6% 27%
2014 58.4% 96.1% 18.4% 24.6%
2013 58.6% 94.5% 18.8% 24.9%
2012 57.9% 91.7% 18.8% 23%
2011 57% 88.7% 17.7% 23.1%
2010 57.7% 86.3% 16.9% 26.4%
2009 58% 84.1% 17% 26.5%
2008 54.3% 69.8% 19.4% 30.3%
2007 53.6% 65.5% 18.7% 38.1%
2006 53.7% 65.4% 18.4% 35.8%
2005 54.3% 68.2% 17.4% 42.6%
2004 54% 66.9% 17.8% 51.3%
2003 54.4% 65.4% 18.2% 55.6%
2002 53.9% 61.3% 16.9% 62.3%
2001 52.8% 59.3% 19.5% 73.7%
2000 52.6% 59.7% 15.3% 87.4%
1999 53.7% 61.4% 15.1% 95.9%
1998 54% 62.1% 15.1% 72.5%
1997 55.6% 62% 15.2% 26.4%
1996 56% 60.6% 11.5% 27.5%
1995 56% 57.8% 11.9% 32%
1994 55.9% 51.6% 13.5% 37%
1993 56.5% 48.2% 14.1% 40.4%
1992 54% 41.7% 16.8% 42.6%
1991 52.7% 37.8% 15% 39.2%
1990 51.6% 36.8% 15.8% 40.8%
1989 48.9% 34% 16.5% 42.5%
1988 50.1% 33.3% 17.3% 45.6%
1987 50.7% 33.4% 18% 49.7%
1986 51.3% 31.1% 20.9% 38.3%
1985 51.9% 30.6% 18.5% 28%
1984 51.2% 29% 16.1% 23.5%
1983 50.2% 26.6% 18.2% 23.1%
1982 49.9% 25.3% 18.8% 18.6%
1981 48.5% 22% 24.4% 16.4%
1980 46% 20.7% 22.1% 17.3%
1979 44.9% 21.1% 20.9% 22%
1978 44.7% 21.2% 20.1% 30.3%
1977 21.4% 15% 19.5% 27.7%
1976 21.7% 15.1% 21.8% 38.1%
1975 22% 16.1% 20.5% 36.7%
1974 19.9% 15.4% 17.3% 34.4%
1973 19.7% 15.8% 16.3% 43.1%
1972 19.8% 17.7% 15.7% 51.2%
1971 20% 20.1% 14.5% 50.5%
1970 20.5% 21% 13.8% 46.7%
1969 21.5% 14.4% 12.8% -
1968 22.7% 15.8% 8.82% -
1967 21.4% 16.1% 10.4% -
1966 21.4% 15.3% 9.18% -
1965 21.1% 17.6% 10.7% -
1964 21% 19.6% 9.55% -
1963 22.6% 22.2% 10.3% -
1962 21.7% 23.6% 7.89% -
1961 21.9% 26.3% 15.1% -
1960 22.2% 28.5% 14.4% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/indonesia | CC BY

In 2024, France's government spending was $1.81T, accounting for 57.2% of its GDP, while Indonesia spent $235B, or 16.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 113.1% in France and 40.2% in Indonesia, ranking 14/185 and 132/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
France

Indonesia
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
France Indonesia
2024 -5.77% -2.3%
2023 -5.44% -1.64%
2022 -4.74% -2.31%
2021 -6.58% -4.4%
2020 -8.93% -6.07%
2019 -2.39% -2.09%
2018 -2.32% -1.69%
2017 -3.36% -2.26%
2016 -3.76% -2.56%
2015 -3.89% -2.72%
2014 -4.57% -1.8%
2013 -4.94% -1.96%
2012 -5.17% -1.59%
2011 -5.3% -0.7%
2010 -7.16% -1.24%
2009 -7.38% -1.64%
2008 -3.5% 0.05%
2007 -2.99% -0.95%
2006 -2.66% 0.45%
2005 -3.5% 0.46%
2004 -3.55% -0.26%
2003 -4.09% -1.08%
2002 -3.18% -0.58%
2001 -1.42% -1.76%
2000 -1.32% -1.87%
1999 -1.55% -0.96%
1998 -2.39% -1.89%
1997 -3.71% -1.03%
1996 -3.89% 0.96%
1995 -5.11% 0.64%
1994 -5.46% 0.005%
1993 -6.4% -0.59%
1992 -4.64% -2.95%
1991 -2.89% -0.87%
1990 -2.45% -0.55%
1989 -1.9% -1.72%
1988 -2.7% -2.68%
1987 -2.13% -0.9%
1986 -3.3% -2.94%
1985 -3.08% -0.45%
1984 -2.8% 1.83%
1983 -2.58% -1%
1982 -2.91% -1.11%
1981 -2.39% -0.69%
1980 -0.27% -0.82%
1979 -0.36% -0.67%
1978 -1.73% -2.03%
1977 0.9% -0.38%
1976 1.01% -2.63%
1975 -0.28% -2.33%
1974 3.05% -0.35%
1973 1.97% -1.33%
1972 1.94% -1.82%
1971 -0.13% -2.51%
1970 0.02% -3.02%
1969 -0.49% -2.8%
1968 -2.54% 0%
1967 -0.8% -0.35%
1966 -0.57% -5.06%
1965 -0.07% -6.62%
1964 -0.25% -5.58%
1963 -2.24% -5.24%
1962 -1.53% -3.1%
1961 -1.36% -4.57%
1960 -1.95% -1.65%
1959 0.56% -4.06%
1958 0.08% -6.67%
1957 -1.99% -2.92%
1956 -2.62% -1.38%
1955 -1.04% -1.6%
1954 -0.78% -3.16%
1953 -4.79% -2.33%
1952 -6.82% -3.66%
1951 -4.42% 1.52%
1950 -5.56% -
1949 -7.31% -
1948 -9.11% -
1947 -7.6% -
1946 -8.1% -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 -6.89% -
1936 -4.76% -
1935 -4.22% -
1934 -4.31% -
1933 -4.96% -
1932 -1.86% -
1931 -2.06% -
1930 -1.65% -
1929 1.48% -
1928 1.13% -
1927 -0.04% -
1926 -0.02% -
1925 -0.87% -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 0.05% -
1912 0.23% -
1911 0.31% -
1910 -0.12% -
1909 -0.11% -
1908 -0.15% -
1907 0.23% -
1906 -0.04% -
1905 0.18% -
1904 0.3% -
1903 0.21% -
1902 -0.37% -
1901 -0.39% -
1900 0.21% -
1899 0.21% -
1898 0.29% -
1897 0.01% -
1896 -0.03% -
1895 -0.07% -
1894 -0.08% -
1893 -0.3% -
1892 -0.03% -
1891 0.36% -
1890 0.31% -
1889 0.09% -
1888 0.18% -
1887 -0.07% -
1886 -0.5% -
1885 -0.59% -
1884 -0.35% -
1883 -0.23% -
1882 -0.15% -
1881 0.64% -
1880 0.65% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/indonesia | CC BY

In 2024, France's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $182B, equivalent to 5.77% of GDP. This compares to Indonesia's deficit of $32.1B, or 2.3% of GDP.

Over the past 58 years, France recorded a fiscal deficit in 52 of those years, while Indonesia ran a deficit in 50 years. On average, France posted an annual deficit equal to 2.89% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.39% of GDP for Indonesia.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
France

Indonesia
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
France Indonesia
2024 2% 2.18%
2023 4.88% 3.67%
2022 5.22% 4.21%
2021 1.64% 1.56%
2020 0.48% 1.92%
2019 1.11% 3.03%
2018 1.85% 3.2%
2017 1.03% 3.81%
2016 0.18% 3.53%
2015 0.04% 6.36%
2014 0.51% 6.39%
2013 0.86% 6.41%
2012 1.95% 4.28%
2011 2.11% 5.36%
2010 1.53% 5.13%
2009 0.09% 4.39%
2008 2.81% 10.2%
2007 1.49% 6.41%
2006 1.68% 13.1%
2005 1.75% 10.5%
2004 2.14% 6.06%
2003 2.1% 6.76%
2002 1.92% 11.9%
2001 1.63% 11.5%
2000 1.68% 3.69%
1999 0.54% 20.5%
1998 0.65% 58.5%
1997 1.2% 6.23%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/indonesia | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, France has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.61%, compared with 8.24% in Indonesia. In 2024, inflation was 2% in France and 2.18% in Indonesia.

Top exports between countries

France
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $606M
Business & finance services $541M
Transport & tourism services $372M
Chemicals & pharma $274M
IT & IP services $104M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $74.5M
Animal & marine products $72.9M
Manufacturing & construction services $69.2M
Textiles & consumer goods $42.9M
Wood & paper products $27.4M
Indonesia
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $405M
Textiles & consumer goods $180M
Chemicals & pharma $86.3M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $72.5M
Raw materials & minerals $62.2M
Animal & marine products $42.5M
Raw agricultural goods $39.3M
Wood & paper products $29.8M
Precious metals & jewellery $26.1M
Metals $19.6M

Balance of trade

France Indonesia
Current account balance
$2.69B
2024
-$8.72B
2024
Current account balance ranking
42/190
2024
174/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+0.09%
2024
-0.62%
2024
Goods imports
$733B
2024
$223B
2024
Goods exports
$668B
2024
$263B
2024
Service imports
$341B
2024
$57.6B
2024
Service exports
$403B
2024
$39B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
34.2%
2024
20.4%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
33.9%
2024
22.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

France Indonesia
Economic freedom 64.6 65.1
Economic freedom ranking 72/197 67/197
Property rights 91.2 39.7
Government integrity 73.4 42
Judicial effectiveness 84.7 43.1
Tax burden 54.6 81.5
Government spending 0.9 91.4
Fiscal health 34.8 89.8
Business freedom 78.4 69.2
Labor freedom 59.1 56.8
Monetary freedom 73.2 79.4
Trade freedom 79.4 78.6
Investment freedom 75 50
Financial freedom 70 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

France
Indonesia
1x
Year Economic freedom index
France Indonesia
2026 64.6 65.1
2025 64.4 65.2
2024 62.5 63.5
2023 63.6 63.5
2022 65.9 64.4
2021 65.7 66.9
2020 66 67.2
2019 63.8 65.8
2018 63.9 64.2
2017 63.3 61.9
2016 62.3 59.4
2015 62.5 58.1
2014 63.5 58.5
2013 64.1 56.9
2012 63.2 56.4
2011 64.6 56
2010 64.2 55.5
2009 63.3 53.4
2008 64.7 53.2
2007 62.1 53.2
2006 61.1 51.9
2005 60.5 52.9
2004 60.9 52.1
2003 59.2 55.8
2002 58 54.8
2001 58 52.5
2000 57.4 55.2
1999 59.1 61.5
1998 58.9 63.4
1997 59.1 62
1996 63.7 61
1995 64.4 54.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/france/indonesia | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for France is 64.6, ranking 72/197, compared to 65.1 for Indonesia, ranking 67/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

France Indonesia
Services, % of GDP
70.9%
2024
43.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
17.2%
2024
39.3%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.3%
2024
12.6%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$3.1T
2024
$1.39T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$63,880
2024
$16,010
2024
Total reserves including gold
$283B
2024
$156B
2024
Total reserves ranking
13/177
2024
20/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$10.3B
2024
-$15.9B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$52.1B
2024
$24.2B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$41.7B
2024
$8.39B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
5.65%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
15.6%
2021
9%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.5%
2024
31.4%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.