Afghanistan has a population of 42.6M (ranked 36/197), compared with 6.59M in Serbia (ranked 109/197). Afghanistan's land area is 251,827 sq mi versus 32,467 sq mi for Serbia (ranked 40th vs. 111th).
By GDP, Afghanistan ranks 137/197 ($17.2B) and Serbia ranks 76/197 ($90.1B). By GDP per capita, Afghanistan ranks 196/197 ($414), while Serbia ranks 73/197 ($13,679).
Main facts and rankings
Afghanistan
|
Serbia
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Population |
45409324
|
6494521
|
| Population rank | 36/197 | 110/197 |
| GDP |
$17.2B
2023 |
$90.1B
2024 |
| GDP rank | 137/197 | 76/197 |
| GDP per capita |
$414
2023 |
$13,679
2024 |
| GDP per capita rank | 196/197 | 73/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$2,202
2023 |
$32,832
2024 |
| Government debt |
$1.44B
2023 |
$40.1B
2024 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
8.8%
2024 |
44.5%
2024 |
| Government debt per person |
$34.8
2023 |
$6,084
2024 |
| Government debt per person rank | 185/185 | 73/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$1,869
2026 |
$12,252
2026 |
| Land area | 251,827 sq mi | 32,467 sq mi |
| Population density |
179 ppl/mi²
2026 |
200 ppl/mi²
2026 |
| Fertility rate |
4.84
2023 |
1.61
2023 |
| Median age |
18.2 years
2024 |
45.1 years
2024 |
| Life expectancy |
66.8 years
2026 |
77.3 years
2026 |
Afghanistan and Serbia: Comparison Charts
Afghanistan and Serbia economies compared
| Year | GDP | |
|---|---|---|
|
Afghanistan
|
Serbia
|
|
| 2024 | - | $90,097,765,959 |
| 2023 | $17,152,234,637 | $81,343,999,280 |
| 2022 | $14,497,243,872 | $66,809,895,701 |
| 2021 | $14,259,995,441 | $66,159,884,073 |
| 2020 | $19,955,929,052 | $55,874,017,669 |
| 2019 | $18,799,444,490 | $53,864,693,665 |
| 2018 | $18,053,222,687 | $52,787,520,249 |
| 2017 | $18,753,456,498 | $45,972,834,714 |
| 2016 | $18,116,572,395 | $42,225,495,910 |
| 2015 | $19,134,221,645 | $41,297,410,635 |
| 2014 | $20,497,128,556 | $49,114,321,280 |
| 2013 | $20,146,416,758 | $50,455,529,604 |
| 2012 | $19,907,329,778 | $45,103,269,969 |
| 2011 | $17,805,098,206 | $51,251,098,408 |
| 2010 | $15,856,668,556 | $43,536,629,233 |
| 2009 | $12,416,152,732 | $46,955,984,410 |
| 2008 | $10,109,297,048 | $54,220,641,202 |
| 2007 | $9,747,886,187 | $44,888,028,946 |
| 2006 | $6,971,758,282 | $33,298,057,362 |
| 2005 | $6,203,256,539 | $28,334,256,181 |
| 2004 | $5,224,896,719 | $26,845,632,342 |
| 2003 | $4,520,946,819 | $23,593,044,418 |
| 2002 | $3,825,701,439 | $17,930,583,571 |
| 2001 | $2,813,571,754 | $13,599,378,662 |
| 2000 | $3,521,418,060 | $7,326,373,882 |
| 1999 | - | $20,878,694,851 |
| 1998 | - | $21,004,077,441 |
| 1997 | - | $27,153,408,995 |
| 1996 | - | $23,277,430,168 |
| 1995 | - | $17,921,892,655 |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1995–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/afghanistan/serbia | CC BY 
Afghanistan and Serbia economies compared
| Year | GDP per capita | |
|---|---|---|
|
Afghanistan
|
Serbia
|
|
| 2024 | - | $13,679 |
| 2023 | $414 | $12,282 |
| 2022 | $357 | $10,025 |
| 2021 | $356 | $9,681 |
| 2020 | $511 | $8,099 |
| 2019 | $497 | $7,756 |
| 2018 | $491 | $7,560 |
| 2017 | $525 | $6,548 |
| 2016 | $522 | $5,982 |
| 2015 | $566 | $5,820 |
| 2014 | $625 | $6,887 |
| 2013 | $637 | $7,040 |
| 2012 | $651 | $6,263 |
| 2011 | $607 | $7,082 |
| 2010 | $561 | $5,971 |
| 2009 | $452 | $6,414 |
| 2008 | $382 | $7,377 |
| 2007 | $376 | $6,081 |
| 2006 | $274.2 | $4,493 |
| 2005 | $254.2 | $3,808 |
| 2004 | $221.8 | $3,597 |
| 2003 | $198.9 | $3,154 |
| 2002 | $179 | $2,391 |
| 2001 | $138.7 | $1,812 |
| 2000 | $174.9 | $975 |
| 1999 | - | $2,769 |
| 1998 | - | $2,775 |
| 1997 | - | $3,574 |
| 1996 | - | $3,054 |
| 1995 | - | $2,349 |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1995–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/afghanistan/serbia | CC BY
Afghanistan vs. Serbia life expectancy calculator
| Year | Life expectancy, years | |
|---|---|---|
|
Afghanistan
|
Serbia
|
|
| 2026 | 66.8 | 77.3 |
| 2025 | 66.5 | 77.1 |
| 2024 | 66.3 | 76.9 |
| 2023 | 66 | 76.8 |
| 2022 | 65.6 | 75.5 |
| 2021 | 60.4 | 72.9 |
| 2020 | 61.5 | 74.5 |
| 2019 | 62.9 | 76.1 |
| 2018 | 62.4 | 76 |
| 2017 | 62.4 | 75.8 |
| 2016 | 62.6 | 75.7 |
| 2015 | 62.3 | 75.7 |
| 2014 | 62.3 | 75.5 |
| 2013 | 62.2 | 75.3 |
| 2012 | 61.7 | 75.1 |
| 2011 | 61.3 | 74.7 |
| 2010 | 60.7 | 74.4 |
| 2009 | 60.2 | 74.1 |
| 2008 | 59.7 | 73.9 |
| 2007 | 59 | 73.7 |
| 2006 | 58.6 | 73.4 |
| 2005 | 58.2 | 73.1 |
| 2004 | 57.8 | 72.9 |
| 2003 | 57.2 | 72.7 |
| 2002 | 56.2 | 72.6 |
| 2001 | 55.5 | 72.3 |
| 2000 | 55 | 72.3 |
| 1999 | 54.5 | 70 |
| 1998 | 52.5 | 72.3 |
| 1997 | 53.2 | 72.9 |
| 1996 | 52.8 | 72.9 |
| 1995 | 52.1 | 72.7 |
| 1994 | 51 | 72.3 |
| 1993 | 51 | 71.9 |
| 1992 | 46.6 | 71.6 |
| 1991 | 45.5 | 71.9 |
| 1990 | 45.1 | 72.2 |
| 1989 | 44.5 | 72.3 |
| 1988 | 43.2 | 72 |
| 1987 | 38.8 | 71.9 |
| 1986 | 38.4 | 71.6 |
| 1985 | 32.1 | 71.4 |
| 1984 | 31.5 | 71.2 |
| 1983 | 36.5 | 71.1 |
| 1982 | 36.1 | 71 |
| 1981 | 39.4 | 71.1 |
| 1980 | 39.3 | 71.1 |
| 1979 | 38.8 | 71.2 |
| 1978 | 40.1 | 71.4 |
| 1977 | 41.1 | 71.8 |
| 1976 | 40.5 | 71.9 |
| 1975 | 40 | 71.6 |
| 1974 | 39.5 | 71.1 |
| 1973 | 39 | 70.5 |
| 1972 | 38.4 | 70 |
| 1971 | 37.9 | 69.7 |
| 1970 | 37.5 | 69.7 |
| 1969 | 37 | 70 |
| 1968 | 36.5 | 70.1 |
| 1967 | 36 | 70.1 |
| 1966 | 35.6 | 69.4 |
| 1965 | 35.1 | 68.7 |
| 1964 | 34.7 | 68 |
| 1963 | 34.2 | 67.4 |
| 1962 | 33.8 | 67 |
| 1961 | 33.3 | 66.3 |
| 1960 | 32.8 | 65.7 |
| 1959 | 32.3 | 65.2 |
| 1958 | 31.8 | 64.3 |
| 1957 | 31.3 | 63.2 |
| 1956 | 30.8 | 61.9 |
| 1955 | 30.4 | 61.3 |
| 1954 | 29.7 | 60.7 |
| 1953 | 29.5 | 59.8 |
| 1952 | 29 | 57.4 |
| 1951 | 28.6 | 55.6 |
| 1950 | 28.2 | 55.1 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10).
GeoRank.org/facts/afghanistan/serbia | CC BY
Afghanistan and Serbia population clocks and comparison
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
|
Afghanistan
|
Serbia
|
|
| 2024 | 42,647,492 | 6,586,476 |
| 2023 | 41,454,761 | 6,623,183 |
| 2022 | 40,578,842 | 6,664,449 |
| 2021 | 40,000,412 | 6,834,326 |
| 2020 | 39,068,979 | 6,899,126 |
| 2019 | 37,856,121 | 6,945,235 |
| 2018 | 36,743,039 | 6,982,604 |
| 2017 | 35,688,935 | 7,020,858 |
| 2016 | 34,700,612 | 7,058,322 |
| 2015 | 33,831,764 | 7,095,383 |
| 2014 | 32,792,523 | 7,131,787 |
| 2013 | 31,622,704 | 7,166,553 |
| 2012 | 30,560,034 | 7,201,497 |
| 2011 | 29,347,708 | 7,236,519 |
| 2010 | 28,284,089 | 7,291,436 |
| 2009 | 27,466,101 | 7,320,807 |
| 2008 | 26,482,622 | 7,350,222 |
| 2007 | 25,909,852 | 7,381,579 |
| 2006 | 25,424,094 | 7,411,569 |
| 2005 | 24,404,567 | 7,440,769 |
| 2004 | 23,560,654 | 7,463,157 |
| 2003 | 22,733,049 | 7,480,591 |
| 2002 | 21,378,117 | 7,500,031 |
| 2001 | 20,284,307 | 7,503,433 |
| 2000 | 20,130,327 | 7,516,346 |
| 1999 | 19,887,785 | 7,540,401 |
| 1998 | 19,159,996 | 7,567,745 |
| 1997 | 18,452,091 | 7,598,538 |
| 1996 | 17,763,266 | 7,622,185 |
| 1995 | 17,065,836 | 7,628,264 |
| 1994 | 16,250,794 | 7,622,711 |
| 1993 | 14,943,172 | 7,614,328 |
| 1992 | 13,278,974 | 7,604,063 |
| 1991 | 12,238,879 | 7,595,636 |
| 1990 | 12,045,660 | 7,897,937 |
| 1989 | 11,874,088 | 7,893,787 |
| 1988 | 11,523,298 | 7,884,218 |
| 1987 | 11,387,818 | 7,868,027 |
| 1986 | 11,420,074 | 7,853,824 |
| 1985 | 11,426,852 | 7,835,902 |
| 1984 | 11,190,221 | 7,813,549 |
| 1983 | 10,917,982 | 7,788,100 |
| 1982 | 10,991,378 | 7,763,335 |
| 1981 | 11,937,581 | 7,736,787 |
| 1980 | 13,169,311 | 7,709,544 |
| 1979 | 13,655,567 | 7,541,997 |
| 1978 | 13,611,441 | 7,504,017 |
| 1977 | 13,340,756 | 7,462,783 |
| 1976 | 13,059,851 | 7,418,973 |
| 1975 | 12,773,954 | 7,368,717 |
| 1974 | 12,469,127 | 7,326,043 |
| 1973 | 12,157,999 | 7,283,902 |
| 1972 | 11,853,696 | 7,252,012 |
| 1971 | 11,567,667 | 7,211,716 |
| 1970 | 11,290,128 | 7,164,993 |
| 1969 | 11,017,409 | 7,123,249 |
| 1968 | 10,756,922 | 7,007,586 |
| 1967 | 10,505,959 | 6,966,522 |
| 1966 | 10,266,395 | 6,927,969 |
| 1965 | 10,036,008 | 6,876,624 |
| 1964 | 9,814,318 | 6,832,855 |
| 1963 | 9,604,487 | 6,787,950 |
| 1962 | 9,404,406 | 6,740,264 |
| 1961 | 9,214,083 | 6,689,077 |
| 1960 | 9,035,043 | 6,638,992 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/afghanistan/serbia | CC BY
Fertility rates in Afghanistan and Serbia
| Year | Fertility rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Afghanistan
|
Serbia
|
|
| 2023 | 4.84 | 1.61 |
| 2022 | 4.93 | 1.59 |
| 2021 | 5.04 | 1.52 |
| 2020 | 5.15 | 1.48 |
| 2019 | 5.24 | 1.52 |
| 2018 | 5.33 | 1.49 |
| 2017 | 5.43 | 1.49 |
| 2016 | 5.54 | 1.46 |
| 2015 | 5.65 | 1.46 |
| 2014 | 5.77 | 1.46 |
| 2013 | 5.88 | 1.43 |
| 2012 | 5.99 | 1.45 |
| 2011 | 6.09 | 1.4 |
| 2010 | 6.2 | 1.4 |
| 2009 | 6.3 | 1.44 |
| 2008 | 6.39 | 1.4 |
| 2007 | 6.51 | 1.38 |
| 2006 | 6.69 | 1.43 |
| 2005 | 6.86 | 1.45 |
| 2004 | 7.02 | 1.57 |
| 2003 | 7.17 | 1.59 |
| 2002 | 7.32 | 1.57 |
| 2001 | 7.45 | 1.58 |
| 2000 | 7.57 | 1.48 |
| 1999 | 7.64 | 1.35 |
| 1998 | 7.69 | 1.37 |
| 1997 | 7.73 | 1.4 |
| 1996 | 7.76 | 1.44 |
| 1995 | 7.77 | 1.47 |
| 1994 | 7.77 | 1.51 |
| 1993 | 7.76 | 1.54 |
| 1992 | 7.7 | 1.57 |
| 1991 | 7.63 | 1.61 |
| 1990 | 7.58 | 1.65 |
| 1989 | 7.56 | 1.69 |
| 1988 | 7.55 | 1.72 |
| 1987 | 7.55 | 1.75 |
| 1986 | 7.55 | 1.78 |
| 1985 | 7.55 | 1.8 |
| 1984 | 7.55 | 1.81 |
| 1983 | 7.57 | 1.83 |
| 1982 | 7.6 | 1.84 |
| 1981 | 7.62 | 1.85 |
| 1980 | 7.64 | 1.86 |
| 1979 | 7.61 | 1.88 |
| 1978 | 7.6 | 1.89 |
| 1977 | 7.59 | 1.9 |
| 1976 | 7.56 | 1.91 |
| 1975 | 7.54 | 1.92 |
| 1974 | 7.53 | 1.93 |
| 1973 | 7.49 | 1.94 |
| 1972 | 7.45 | 1.95 |
| 1971 | 7.43 | 1.96 |
| 1970 | 7.4 | 1.97 |
| 1969 | 7.39 | 1.99 |
| 1968 | 7.36 | 2.01 |
| 1967 | 7.34 | 2.02 |
| 1966 | 7.32 | 2.04 |
| 1965 | 7.31 | 2.06 |
| 1964 | 7.3 | 2.07 |
| 1963 | 7.3 | 2.08 |
| 1962 | 7.29 | 2.11 |
| 1961 | 7.28 | 2.13 |
| 1960 | 7.28 | 2.15 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/afghanistan/serbia | CC BY
Afghanistan and Serbia demographics compared
| Year | Median age, years | |
|---|---|---|
|
Afghanistan
|
Serbia
|
|
| 2024 | 18.2 | 45.1 |
| 2023 | 18 | 44.9 |
| 2022 | 17.8 | 44.7 |
| 2021 | 17.6 | 44.5 |
| 2020 | 17.5 | 44.4 |
| 2019 | 17.3 | 44.2 |
| 2018 | 17.1 | 44 |
| 2017 | 17 | 43.7 |
| 2016 | 16.8 | 43.5 |
| 2015 | 16.6 | 43.3 |
| 2014 | 16.4 | 43 |
| 2013 | 16.2 | 42.8 |
| 2012 | 16 | 42.6 |
| 2011 | 15.9 | 42.4 |
| 2010 | 15.7 | 42.1 |
| 2009 | 15.5 | 41.9 |
| 2008 | 15.3 | 41.7 |
| 2007 | 15.2 | 41.5 |
| 2006 | 15.1 | 41.3 |
| 2005 | 15 | 41.1 |
| 2004 | 14.9 | 40.9 |
| 2003 | 14.9 | 40.7 |
| 2002 | 14.9 | 40.5 |
| 2001 | 14.9 | 40.3 |
| 2000 | 15 | 40.1 |
| 1999 | 15.1 | 39.8 |
| 1998 | 15.2 | 39.5 |
| 1997 | 15.3 | 39.2 |
| 1996 | 15.5 | 38.9 |
| 1995 | 15.6 | 38.5 |
| 1994 | 15.7 | 38.2 |
| 1993 | 15.8 | 37.8 |
| 1992 | 15.9 | 37.5 |
| 1991 | 16 | 37.1 |
| 1990 | 16.1 | 36.8 |
| 1989 | 16.1 | 36.5 |
| 1988 | 16.2 | 36.1 |
| 1987 | 16.3 | 35.7 |
| 1986 | 16.3 | 35.4 |
| 1985 | 16.4 | 35 |
| 1984 | 16.5 | 34.7 |
| 1983 | 16.6 | 34.4 |
| 1982 | 16.7 | 34.1 |
| 1981 | 16.8 | 33.9 |
| 1980 | 16.9 | 33.8 |
| 1979 | 17 | 33.7 |
| 1978 | 17.2 | 33.5 |
| 1977 | 17.3 | 33.4 |
| 1976 | 17.4 | 33.2 |
| 1975 | 17.5 | 33 |
| 1974 | 17.6 | 32.8 |
| 1973 | 17.7 | 32.7 |
| 1972 | 17.8 | 32.5 |
| 1971 | 17.9 | 32.2 |
| 1970 | 18.1 | 32 |
| 1969 | 18.2 | 31.7 |
| 1968 | 18.3 | 31.4 |
| 1967 | 18.4 | 31.1 |
| 1966 | 18.5 | 30.8 |
| 1965 | 18.6 | 30.5 |
| 1964 | 18.6 | 30.2 |
| 1963 | 18.7 | 29.8 |
| 1962 | 18.8 | 29.4 |
| 1961 | 18.9 | 29.1 |
| 1960 | 18.9 | 28.7 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/afghanistan/serbia | CC BY
Interactive Maps
Use the buttons below to switch between world maps comparing statistics for Afghanistan and Serbia.
National statistics comparison
Finance
|
Afghanistan
|
Serbia
|
|
|---|---|---|
| GNI, Atlas method |
$15.5B
2023 |
$76.5B
2024 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
19.4%
2024 |
42.7%
2024 |
| Education expenditure, % of GDP |
4.34%
2017 |
3.4%
2023 |
| Military expenditure, % of GDP |
1.83%
2021 |
2.6%
2024 |
| Armed forces personnel |
165,000
2020 |
32,000
2020 |
| Deficit/surplus, % of GDP |
-0.54%
2024 |
-1.75%
2024 |
| Unemployment rate |
5.68%
2021 |
7.24%
2024 |
| Services, % of GDP |
46.4%
2023 |
58.8%
2024 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
13.4%
2023 |
23.1%
2024 |
| Economic freedom index |
53
2021 |
65
2026 |
| Income share by richest 10% | n/a |
24.7%
2022 |
| Income share by poorest 10% | n/a |
2.4%
2022 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies | n/a |
$4.06B
2011 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$9.75B
2020 |
$30.5B
2024 |
| Personal remittances received |
$320M
2024 |
$5.76B
2024 |
| International tourist arrivals | n/a |
446,000
2020 |
| International tourism as share of exports |
5.08%
2020 |
5.58%
2020 |
| Banked people share |
9.65%
2021 |
83.3%
2024 |
Energy
|
Afghanistan
|
Serbia
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita | n/a |
2,378 kg
2023 |
| GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use | n/a |
$12.5
2023 |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions |
12.1 megatons
2024 |
n/a |
| CO2 emissions per capita |
0.28 tons
2024 |
n/a |
| Fossil fuel energy use share | n/a |
83%
2022 |
| Renewable energy use share |
20%
2022 |
27.2%
2021 |
| Alternative and nuclear energy use share | n/a |
7.3%
2023 |
| Net energy imports use share | n/a |
42.6%
2023 |
| Electric power consumption per capita | n/a |
5,090 kWh
2023 |
| Renewable electricity output share |
78.2%
2021 |
35%
2021 |
| Hydroelectric share |
71.7%
2021 |
32.7%
2023 |
| Nuclear share |
0%
2021 |
0%
2021 |
| Electricity access |
85.3%
2023 |
100%
2023 |
Society
|
Afghanistan
|
Serbia
|
|
|---|---|---|
| % of world population |
0.52%
2024 |
0.08%
2024 |
| Annual migration change |
-74,404
2025 |
-13,086
2025 |
| Urban population |
25.7%
2024 |
62.4%
2024 |
| Male:Female ratio |
50.5:49.5
2024 |
47.4:52.6
2024 |
| Average male height |
5.53 ft
2025 |
5.93 ft
2025 |
| Average female height |
5.12 ft
2025 |
5.52 ft
2025 |
| Quality of life index |
15.5
2026 |
63.9
2026 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index |
16
2025 |
33
2025 |
| Higher education index |
20
2026 |
82
2026 |
| Homicides per 100K people |
4.02
2021 |
1.31
2023 |
| Road traffic mortality per 100K people |
15.9
2019 |
7.5
2019 |
| Visa free countries |
36
2025 |
134
2025 |
| Adult literacy rate |
37.3%
2021 |
99.3%
2022 |
| English speaking |
6%
2023 |
55%
2025 |
| People using the Internet |
17.7%
2023 |
87.7%
2024 |
Health
|
Afghanistan
|
Serbia
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Government health expenditure per capita |
$59.1
2023 |
$984
2023 |
| Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita |
$45.6
2023 |
$316
2023 |
| Life expectancy |
66.8 years
2026 |
77.3 years
2026 |
| Foreign aid share of health expenditure |
21.2%
2023 |
0.0002%
2023 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people |
0.32
2023 |
3.1
2022 |
| Age at first childbirth |
19.9 years
2025 |
28.4 years
2023 |
| Maternal mortality per 100K births |
521
2023 |
11
2023 |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age |
55.5
2023 |
5.2
2023 |
| Obesity rate |
19.6%
2022 |
23.1%
2022 |
| Diabetes prevalence |
11.7%
2024 |
10.5%
2024 |
| Air quality index |
3
2026 |
40
2026 |
| Tobacco use prevalence |
22.7%
2022 |
39.5%
2022 |
| Pure alcohol consumption per capita |
0.01 liters
2020 |
7.89 liters
2019 |
Territory
|
Afghanistan
|
Serbia
|
|
|---|---|---|
| % of world land |
0.44%
2026 |
0.06%
2026 |
| Land area per capita |
5,905 sq mi
2024 |
4,929 sq mi
2024 |
| Agricultural land area |
147,167 sq mi
2026 |
13,112 sq mi
2026 |
| Forest area |
4,666 sq mi
2026 |
10,516 sq mi
2026 |
| Roads length |
21,688 mi
2021 |
28,222 mi
2024 |
In-depth comparisons
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2025, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
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