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Population in Afghanistan compared to Mongolia: Trends, Charts, Rankings

Updated on by Georank team

The latest officially reported population of Afghanistan was 42,647,492 in 2024 vs 3,524,788 people in Mongolia in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Afghanistan's population is 45,409,324 people compared to 3,620,317 in Mongolia.

Population statistics:

  • Afghanistan's population is 12.5 times bigger than Mongolia's.
  • Afghanistan is ranked the 36th most populous country in the world, while Mongolia is the 132nd.
  • The countries together account for 0.59% of the world: 0.55% for Afghanistan vs 0.04% for Mongolia.
  • For the last 10 years, Afghanistan has had an average growth rate of +2.76% per year vs +1.79% in Mongolia.
  • Since 2006, the population of Afghanistan has increased from 25.4M people to 45.4M (78.6% growth), while Mongolia has grown from 2.57M to 3.62M (41% growth).

Afghanistan vs Mongolia: population by year and forecast

Afghanistan
Factual

Projection
Mongolia
Factual

Projection
1x
Year Population
Afghanistan Mongolia
2100 131,803,615 5,629,299
2099 131,145,502 5,623,066
2098 130,482,225 5,615,212
2097 129,808,066 5,606,511
2096 129,147,895 5,597,140
2095 128,473,977 5,585,917
2094 127,761,785 5,574,522
2093 127,018,448 5,562,381
2092 126,270,202 5,549,290
2091 125,508,788 5,535,819
2090 124,636,092 5,521,210
2089 123,843,293 5,505,877
2088 123,034,495 5,490,024
2087 122,147,758 5,474,226
2086 121,381,088 5,458,465
2085 120,486,343 5,441,196
2084 119,491,780 5,423,740
2083 118,631,246 5,405,563
2082 117,742,446 5,387,443
2081 116,842,143 5,368,417
2080 115,793,841 5,348,645
2079 114,630,140 5,328,073
2078 113,624,958 5,306,120
2077 112,523,374 5,285,225
2076 111,442,221 5,263,067
2075 110,399,328 5,240,553
2074 109,236,338 5,217,755
2073 107,960,305 5,194,484
2072 106,746,984 5,171,399
2071 105,568,382 5,147,939
2070 104,230,485 5,123,730
2069 102,964,062 5,100,078
2068 101,629,164 5,075,923
2067 100,380,826 5,051,712
2066 99,116,663 5,026,451
2065 97,714,113 5,001,559
2064 96,306,602 4,977,095
2063 94,949,108 4,952,721
2062 93,579,065 4,928,284
2061 92,316,077 4,903,616
2060 91,000,643 4,877,808
2059 89,717,353 4,851,900
2058 88,346,732 4,825,704
2057 86,917,997 4,798,069
2056 85,480,219 4,770,106
2055 84,074,268 4,741,145
2054 82,676,432 4,710,703
2053 81,285,014 4,678,720
2052 79,908,081 4,645,641
2051 78,643,202 4,611,080
2050 77,331,830 4,575,698
2049 75,864,863 4,538,221
2048 74,479,782 4,499,652
2047 73,119,204 4,459,534
2046 71,697,214 4,418,220
2045 70,353,118 4,375,263
2044 69,024,959 4,332,061
2043 67,657,423 4,288,836
2042 66,357,363 4,244,827
2041 64,976,778 4,200,917
2040 63,535,531 4,157,409
2039 62,129,737 4,114,122
2038 60,803,646 4,071,754
2037 59,454,331 4,029,761
2036 58,114,874 3,988,994
2035 56,804,011 3,949,374
2034 55,502,408 3,910,459
2033 54,135,876 3,872,505
2032 52,791,273 3,835,471
2031 51,433,991 3,799,194
2030 50,079,746 3,762,550
2029 48,768,949 3,725,673
2028 47,533,470 3,687,959
2027 46,310,865 3,649,213
2026 45,075,045 3,609,604
2025 43,870,455 3,568,196
2024 42,647,492 3,524,788
2023 41,454,761 3,481,145
2022 40,578,842 3,433,748
2021 40,000,412 3,383,741
2020 39,068,979 3,327,204
2019 37,856,121 3,267,673
2018 36,743,039 3,208,189
2017 35,688,935 3,148,917
2016 34,700,612 3,088,856
2015 33,831,764 3,026,864
2014 32,792,523 2,963,113
2013 31,622,704 2,899,011
2012 30,560,034 2,839,705
2011 29,347,708 2,786,317
2010 28,284,089 2,738,622
2009 27,466,101 2,691,115
2008 26,482,622 2,643,201
2007 25,909,852 2,601,850
2006 25,424,094 2,567,168
2005 24,404,567 2,536,407
2004 23,560,654 2,508,412
2003 22,733,049 2,480,374
2002 21,378,117 2,449,027
2001 20,284,307 2,417,751
2000 20,130,327 2,388,299
1999 19,887,785 2,356,813
1998 19,159,996 2,323,809
1997 18,452,091 2,291,750
1996 17,763,266 2,259,507
1995 17,065,836 2,224,945
1994 16,250,794 2,189,395
1993 14,943,172 2,165,130
1992 13,278,974 2,167,790
1991 12,238,879 2,165,342
1990 12,045,660 2,098,710
1989 11,874,088 2,124,185
1988 11,523,298 2,076,322
1987 11,387,818 2,022,800
1986 11,420,074 1,970,965
1985 11,426,852 1,921,514
1984 11,190,221 1,874,349
1983 10,917,982 1,829,092
1982 10,991,378 1,785,364
1981 11,937,581 1,742,857
1980 13,169,311 1,701,335
1979 13,655,567 1,660,659
1978 13,611,441 1,619,468
1977 13,340,756 1,576,245
1976 13,059,851 1,531,945
1975 12,773,954 1,488,296
1974 12,469,127 1,446,050
1973 12,157,999 1,405,502
1972 11,853,696 1,366,821
1971 11,567,667 1,330,071
1970 11,290,128 1,295,272
1969 11,017,409 1,262,284
1968 10,756,922 1,229,930
1967 10,505,959 1,196,996
1966 10,266,395 1,163,754
1965 10,036,008 1,131,177
1964 9,814,318 1,100,234
1963 9,604,487 1,071,362
1962 9,404,406 1,041,444
1961 9,214,083 1,009,284
1960 9,035,043 977,595

Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/population/afghanistan/mongolia | CC BY

From 2006 to 2016, the population of Afghanistan increased by 9,276,518 people (a 36.5% growth), while Mongolia gained 521,688 people (a 20.3% growth).

For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Afghanistan gained 10,708,712 people (a 30.9% growth), while Mongolia's population increased by 531,461 people (a 17.2% growth).

Afghanistan was ranked 45th most populous country in 2006 and is 36th in 2026. Mongolia was ranked 137th in 2006 and ranked 132nd now.

The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Afghanistan's population will grow by 70.3% to 77,331,830 people with a rank change from 36th to 24th. The population of Mongolia will increase by 26.4% to 4,575,698 people and rank change from 132nd to 130th.

Afghanistan is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 132M people compared to the peak of 5.63M people in 2100 for Mongolia.

Population growth rate by year

Afghanistan
Factual

Projection
Mongolia
Factual

Projection
1x
Year Growth rate
Afghanistan Mongolia
2100 0.5% 0.11%
2099 0.51% 0.14%
2098 0.52% 0.16%
2097 0.51% 0.17%
2096 0.52% 0.2%
2095 0.56% 0.2%
2094 0.59% 0.22%
2093 0.59% 0.24%
2092 0.61% 0.24%
2091 0.7% 0.26%
2090 0.64% 0.28%
2089 0.66% 0.29%
2088 0.73% 0.29%
2087 0.63% 0.29%
2086 0.74% 0.32%
2085 0.83% 0.32%
2084 0.73% 0.34%
2083 0.75% 0.34%
2082 0.77% 0.35%
2081 0.91% 0.37%
2080 1.02% 0.39%
2079 0.88% 0.41%
2078 0.98% 0.4%
2077 0.97% 0.42%
2076 0.94% 0.43%
2075 1.06% 0.44%
2074 1.18% 0.45%
2073 1.14% 0.45%
2072 1.12% 0.46%
2071 1.28% 0.47%
2070 1.23% 0.46%
2069 1.31% 0.48%
2068 1.24% 0.48%
2067 1.28% 0.5%
2066 1.44% 0.5%
2065 1.46% 0.49%
2064 1.43% 0.49%
2063 1.46% 0.5%
2062 1.37% 0.5%
2061 1.45% 0.53%
2060 1.43% 0.53%
2059 1.55% 0.54%
2058 1.64% 0.58%
2057 1.68% 0.59%
2056 1.67% 0.61%
2055 1.69% 0.65%
2054 1.71% 0.68%
2053 1.72% 0.71%
2052 1.61% 0.75%
2051 1.7% 0.77%
2050 1.93% 0.83%
2049 1.86% 0.86%
2048 1.86% 0.9%
2047 1.98% 0.94%
2046 1.91% 0.98%
2045 1.92% 1%
2044 2.02% 1.01%
2043 1.96% 1.04%
2042 2.12% 1.05%
2041 2.27% 1.05%
2040 2.26% 1.05%
2039 2.18% 1.04%
2038 2.27% 1.04%
2037 2.3% 1.02%
2036 2.31% 1%
2035 2.35% 1%
2034 2.52% 0.98%
2033 2.55% 0.97%
2032 2.64% 0.95%
2031 2.7% 0.97%
2030 2.69% 0.99%
2029 2.6% 1.02%
2028 2.64% 1.06%
2027 2.74% 1.1%
2026 2.75% 1.16%
2025 2.87% 1.23%
2024 2.88% 1.25%
2023 2.16% 1.38%
2022 1.45% 1.48%
2021 2.38% 1.7%
2020 3.2% 1.82%
2019 3.03% 1.85%
2018 2.95% 1.88%
2017 2.85% 1.94%
2016 2.57% 2.05%
2015 3.17% 2.15%
2014 3.7% 2.21%
2013 3.48% 2.09%
2012 4.13% 1.92%
2011 3.76% 1.74%
2010 2.98% 1.77%
2009 3.71% 1.81%
2008 2.21% 1.59%
2007 1.91% 1.35%
2006 4.18% 1.21%
2005 3.58% 1.12%
2004 3.64% 1.13%
2003 6.34% 1.28%
2002 5.39% 1.29%
2001 0.76% 1.23%
2000 1.22% 1.34%
1999 3.8% 1.42%
1998 3.84% 1.4%
1997 3.88% 1.43%
1996 4.09% 1.55%
1995 5.02% 1.62%
1994 8.75% 1.12%
1993 12.5% -0.12%
1992 8.5% 0.11%
1991 1.6% 3.17%
1990 1.44% -1.2%
1989 3.04% 2.31%
1988 1.19% 2.65%
1987 -0.28% 2.63%
1986 -0.06% 2.57%
1985 2.11% 2.52%
1984 2.49% 2.47%
1983 -0.67% 2.45%
1982 -7.93% 2.44%
1981 -9.35% 2.44%
1980 -3.56% 2.45%
1979 0.32% 2.54%
1978 2.03% 2.74%
1977 2.15% 2.89%
1976 2.24% 2.93%
1975 2.44% 2.92%
1974 2.56% 2.88%
1973 2.57% 2.83%
1972 2.47% 2.76%
1971 2.46% 2.69%
1970 2.48% 2.61%
1969 2.42% 2.63%
1968 2.39% 2.75%
1967 2.33% 2.86%
1966 2.3% 2.88%
1965 2.26% 2.81%
1964 2.18% 2.69%
1963 2.13% 2.87%
1962 2.07% 3.19%
1961 1.98% 3.24%

Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/population/afghanistan/mongolia | CC BY

In 2024, the population of Afghanistan grew by 2.88%, while Mongolia's population grew by 1.25%.

Live population counters

Afghanistan Mongolia
Current population
45409324
3620317
Population rank 36/197 132/197
Percent of world population 0.55% 0.04%
One net population change
26.4 seconds
12 minutes
One birth every
21.5 seconds
7.95 minutes
One death every
2.19 minutes
27.5 minutes
Daily growth/decline +3,268 +120
Annual growth/decline +1,192,731 +43,643
Annual growth/decline rate +2.88% +1.25%
Population growth rate rank 20/197 86/197
One migration net change every
7.08 minutes
4.63 days
Annual migration change -74,404 +79
Net migration rank 179/196 74/196
Foreign-born residents 98,110 22,589
Foreign-born residents rank 131/195 169/195
Foreign-born share of population 0.2% 0.6%
Foreign-born share rank 186/195 171/195

Natural population change vs migration

Afghanistan
Natural

Migration
Mongolia
Natural

Migration
1x
Year Population change
Afghanistan Mongolia
Natural Migration Natural Migration
2025 - -74,404 - 79
2024 - -44,089 - 83
2023 1,228,719 -48,958 46,995 0
2022 1,219,475 -647,402 47,730 0
2021 1,133,611 -548,784 52,109 0
2020 1,134,407 143,634 60,888 0
2019 1,138,485 9,159 61,433 8,660
2018 1,115,262 -36,753 60,635 7,811
2017 1,101,218 -71,491 57,940 6,831
2016 1,090,016 -143,049 62,086 5,633
2015 1,077,068 -286,314 64,473 4,307
2014 1,053,788 233,913 66,078 2,921
2013 1,033,778 18,119 62,618 1,505
2012 1,004,814 68,628 55,942 351
2011 966,743 384,486 50,711 -505
2010 943,473 -167,460 44,914 -6,444
2009 920,581 -60,602 48,876 -15,007
2008 891,246 215,753 45,843 -17,277
2007 889,848 -851,298 39,636 -15,220
2006 875,301 57,673 33,609 -11,934
2005 855,112 250,971 29,290 -8,924
2004 850,940 -269,194 28,418 -8,148
2003 826,165 247,317 28,827 -7,986
2002 776,048 860,349 30,439 -8,934
2001 764,090 -212,872 32,052 -10,244
2000 782,727 -1,025,973 32,753 -11,241
1999 760,727 -32,400 32,283 -13,481
1998 719,860 7,380 31,757 -10,315
1997 709,778 -21,215 32,403 -9,132
1996 685,005 4,072 33,741 -8,626
1995 653,280 52,505 34,473 -7,346
1994 609,096 315,206 34,711 -5,449
1993 541,257 1,149,684 36,924 -5,429
1992 440,132 1,197,329 42,437 -8,404
1991 409,954 32,782 47,884 -11,427
1990 402,433 -458,737 49,443 -11,881
1989 381,158 18,296 51,420 -9,757
1988 358,397 -56,263 51,588 2,459
1987 314,361 -345,535 51,140 1,855
1986 310,066 -343,397 50,329 354
1985 228,469 -208,685 49,944 -1,719
1984 205,262 248,224 48,562 -2,452
1983 263,778 -172,797 46,919 -2,522
1982 263,210 -500,998 45,179 -2,132
1981 343,468 -1,998,086 43,588 -1,615
1980 365,396 -1,174,239 42,343 -1,268
1979 361,750 -525,413 41,568 -1,296
1978 369,101 -117,186 40,276 1,833
1977 372,567 -83,115 38,995 5,354
1976 357,775 -85,430 37,670 6,577
1975 343,850 -44,418 36,490 6,556
1974 330,232 -20,009 35,297 6,153
1973 315,062 -3,030 33,993 5,647
1972 300,633 -4,050 32,727 4,999
1971 288,267 -12,801 31,536 4,238
1970 275,129 4,458 30,558 3,263
1969 263,823 2,029 29,781 2,366
1968 251,798 3,333 29,017 3,535
1967 239,967 6,824 28,178 5,139
1966 228,786 3,563 27,338 5,837
1965 217,741 10,695 26,364 5,610
1964 207,867 7,079 25,317 4,599
1963 198,035 6,681 24,142 3,687
1962 188,427 7,016 22,960 9,049
1961 179,094 6,109 21,873 10,440
1960 170,257 2,606 20,726 10,334

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/population/afghanistan/mongolia | CC BY

Over the last 10 years, 89% of the population change in Afghanistan is from natural causes (a gain of 11,292,049 people) and 11% is from migration (a loss of 1,396,045 people). In Mongolia 94.1% is from natural causes (a gain of 580,367 people) and 5.87% is from migration (a gain of 36,163 people).

As of 2024, 98,110 residents or 0.2% of the population were not native-born in Afghanistan, compared to 22,589 people or 0.6% in Mongolia.

Biggest cities by population

Afghanistan
City Population
Kabul 5.33M
Kandahar 614K
Herat 556K
Mazar-i-Sharif 469K
Kunduz 357K
Jalalabad 263K
Lashkargah 202K
Sheberghan 176K
Khost 160K
Ghazni 143K
Mongolia
City Population
Ulaanbaatar 1.4M
Bulgan 12.3K

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Population map with other countries

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/population/afghanistan/mongolia | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  3. U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  4. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  5. Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)

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