Skip to content

Economy of New Zealand vs Taiwan compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

New Zealand has a GDP of $260B compared to $802B for Taiwan, ranking 52/197 and 22/197 by economy size, respectively.

New Zealand has $131B in government debt (50.2% of GDP), compared to $211B (26.3% of GDP) in Taiwan.

New Zealand vs Taiwan GDP by year

New Zealand
Taiwan
1x
Year GDP, current $
New Zealand Taiwan
2024 $260,172,385,098 $801,529,000,000
2023 $255,194,972,673 $757,328,000,000
2022 $249,509,991,440 $765,529,000,000
2021 $253,977,931,815 $777,062,000,000
2020 $213,029,554,654 $676,935,000,000
2019 $213,006,341,102 $613,453,000,000
2018 $211,985,631,173 $610,744,000,000
2017 $206,745,969,246 $591,734,000,000
2016 $189,100,085,275 $543,002,000,000
2015 $178,224,167,088 $534,474,000,000
2014 $201,518,402,787 $535,332,000,000
2013 $191,012,364,177 $512,957,000,000
2012 $176,560,711,239 $495,536,000,000
2011 $168,484,908,960 $483,957,000,000
2010 $146,887,902,524 $444,245,000,000
2009 $121,663,439,315 $390,788,000,000
2008 $133,437,126,590 $415,824,000,000
2007 $137,188,946,866 $406,940,000,000
2006 $111,538,810,713 $386,492,000,000
2005 $114,720,129,550 $374,042,000,000
2004 $103,905,210,084 $346,881,000,000
2003 $88,250,885,550 $317,374,000,000
2002 $66,627,729,311 $307,429,000,000
2001 $53,872,425,917 $299,303,000,000
2000 $52,623,281,957 $330,725,000,000
1999 $58,762,260,626 $303,827,000,000
1998 $56,227,169,851 $279,926,000,000
1997 $66,075,143,415 $303,315,000,000
1996 $70,140,835,299 $292,473,000,000
1995 $63,918,703,507 $279,013,000,000
1994 $55,314,732,279 $256,213,000,000
1993 $46,775,620,817 $234,943,000,000
1992 $41,649,829,860 $222,947,000,000
1991 $42,745,329,732 $187,100,000,000
1990 $45,495,129,385 $166,392,000,000
1989 $43,920,222,525 $152,687,000,000
1988 $45,176,811,594 $126,378,000,000
1987 $40,376,354,070 $104,956,000,000
1986 $30,604,668,357 $78,347,000,000
1985 $24,679,795,396 $63,599,000,000
1984 $21,665,975,319 $61,036,000,000
1983 $24,309,279,706 $54,155,000,000
1982 $24,164,603,059 $49,540,000,000
1981 $24,417,617,184 $49,047,000,000
1980 $23,244,547,385 $42,292,000,000
1979 $20,731,243,113 $33,875,000,000
1978 $18,530,518,395 $27,373,000,000
1977 $15,446,825,318 $22,252,000,000
1976 $13,604,832,424 $18,988,000,000
1975 $12,861,983,284 $15,836,000,000
1974 $13,940,981,798 $14,739,000,000
1973 $12,802,281,898 $10,940,000,000
1972 $9,567,331,065 $8,063,000,000
1971 $7,911,136,757 $6,727,000,000
1970 $6,495,605,331 $5,785,000,000
1969 $5,814,357,709 $5,017,000,000
1968 $5,228,045,415 $4,325,000,000
1967 $6,016,017,227 $3,709,000,000
1966 $5,917,437,693 $3,207,000,000
1965 $5,706,251,400 $2,869,000,000
1964 $7,340,766,415 $2,592,000,000
1963 $6,699,741,645 $2,218,000,000
1962 $6,133,158,532 $1,960,000,000
1961 $5,721,994,864 $1,778,000,000
1960 $5,536,098,360 $1,743,000,000
1959 - $1,444,000,000
1958 - $1,836,000,000
1957 - $1,636,000,000
1956 - $1,399,000,000
1955 - $1,940,000,000
1954 - $1,628,000,000
1953 - $1,481,000,000
1952 - $1,677,000,000
1951 - $1,197,000,000

Data sources: National Statistics, Taiwan (1951–2024, retrieved 2026-02-09); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/new-zealand/taiwan | CC BY

GDP per capita in New Zealand vs Taiwan by year

New Zealand
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Taiwan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
New Zealand Taiwan
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $49,205 $55,551 $34,238 -
2023 $49,076 $54,697 $32,444 -
2022 $49,100 $54,034 $32,827 -
2021 $49,950 $48,249 $33,111 -
2020 $41,998 $45,513 $28,705 -
2019 $42,856 $45,278 $25,998 -
2018 $43,257 $42,527 $25,901 -
2017 $42,950 $42,244 $25,121 $50,500
2016 $40,114 $39,989 $23,091 -
2015 $38,665 $37,513 $22,780 $46,800
2014 $44,618 $37,331 $22,874 -
2013 $43,000 $36,263 $21,973 $39,600
2012 $40,054 $33,055 $21,295 $39,400
2011 $38,432 $32,739 $20,866 $38,200
2010 $33,762 $31,305 $19,197 $35,700
2009 $28,277 $30,746 $16,933 $32,000
2008 $31,325 $29,896 $18,081 $31,100
2007 $32,480 $29,331 $17,757 $30,100
2006 $26,655 $27,732 $16,934 $29,500
2005 $27,751 $25,677 $16,456 $27,500
2004 $25,420 $25,124 $15,317 $25,300
2003 $21,914 $23,996 $14,066 $23,400
2002 $16,874 $23,306 $13,686 $18,000
2001 $13,883 $22,511 $13,397 $17,200
2000 $13,641 $21,500 $14,908 $17,400
1999 $15,322 $20,579 $13,804 $16,100
1998 $14,738 $19,323 $12,820 -
1997 $17,474 $19,100 $14,020 -
1996 $18,794 $18,392 $13,641 -
1995 $17,400 $17,864 $13,119 -
1994 $15,280 $17,108 $12,150 -
1993 $13,094 $15,900 $11,242 -
1992 $11,793 $14,877 $10,768 -
1991 $12,230 $14,501 $9,125 -
1990 $13,663 $14,812 $8,205 -
1989 $13,312 - $7,613 -
1988 $13,759 - $6,370 -
1987 $12,331 - $5,350 -
1986 $9,428 - $4,036 -
1985 $7,601 - $3,314 -
1984 $6,714 - $3,224 -
1983 $7,598 - $2,903 -
1982 $7,656 - $2,699 -
1981 $7,814 - $2,720 -
1980 $7,467 - $2,389 -
1979 $6,668 - $1,950 -
1978 $5,937 - $1,606 -
1977 $4,951 - $1,330 -
1976 $4,374 - $1,158 -
1975 $4,172 - $985 -
1974 $4,611 - $934 -
1973 $4,323 - $706 -
1972 $3,295 - $530 -
1971 $2,773 - $451 -
1970 $2,311 - $397 -
1969 $2,097 - $357 -
1968 $1,902 - $319 -
1967 $2,208 - $280.8 -
1966 $2,211 - $249.1 -
1965 $2,171 - $229.3 -
1964 $2,839 - $213.6 -
1963 $2,646 - $188.6 -
1962 $2,471 - $172 -
1961 $2,365 - $161.2 -
1960 $2,334 - $163.4 -
1959 - - $140.4 -
1958 - - $185.1 -
1957 - - $170.5 -
1956 - - $150.6 -
1955 - - $216.3 -
1954 - - $188.3 -
1953 - - $177.7 -
1952 - - $208.4 -
1951 - - $154.3 -

Data sources: National Statistics, Taiwan (1951–2024, retrieved 2026-02-09); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (1999–2017, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/new-zealand/taiwan | CC BY

New Zealand's GDP per capita is $49,205, ranking 26/197, compared to $34,238 in Taiwan, ranking 35/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), New Zealand ranks 38th at $55,551, while Taiwan ranks 44th at $50,500.

Economic indicators

New Zealand Taiwan
Gross domestic product
$260B
2024
$802B
2024
GDP rank
52/197
2024
22/197
2024
GDP growth
1.29%
2023-2024
2.3%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$49,205
2024
$34,238
2024
GDP per capita rank
26/197
2024
35/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$55,551
2024
$50,500
2017
GDP per capita PPP rank
38/197
2024
44/197
2017
Government debt
$131B
2024
$211B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
50.2%
2024
26.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$24,722
2024
$9,020
2024
Government debt per person rank
28/185
2024
59/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$37,758
2026
$18,163
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$92.9B
2024
n/a
Number of millionaires n/a
759,000
2025
Number of billionaires
5
2025
54
2025
Government expenditure, % of GDP
41.9%
2024
15.8%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.92%
2023-2024
2.2%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
2.25%
2025
2%
2024
Unemployment rate
4.76%
2024
3.35%
2025
Population
5374272
23229461

Spending and national debt comparison by year

New Zealand
Spending

Debt
Taiwan
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
New Zealand Taiwan
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 41.9% 50.2% 15.8% 26.3%
2023 41.2% 46.9% 17.1% 29%
2022 41.8% 46.9% 16% 29.5%
2021 41.9% 47.5% 15.4% 30.1%
2020 42% 43.2% 16.2% 32%
2019 38.8% 31.8% 15.3% 32.6%
2018 36.1% 28.1% 15.4% 33.8%
2017 35.6% 31.1% 15.4% 34.5%
2016 36.4% 33.3% 15.6% 35.4%
2015 37.2% 34.2% 15.5% 35.9%
2014 37.7% 34.2% - 37.5%
2013 38.6% 34.5% - 38.9%
2012 39.7% 35.7% - 39.2%
2011 42.4% 34.7% 18.3% 38.3%
2010 42.9% 29.6% - 36.9%
2009 40.3% 24.3% - 36.7%
2008 38.5% 19% - 33.4%
2007 37.1% 16.3% - 32.2%
2006 37.9% 18.4% - 33.3%
2005 37.1% 20.8% - 34.1%
2004 36.2% 22.5% - 33.4%
2003 36.7% 24.7% - 32.1%
2002 36.8% 26.4% - 29.8%
2001 37.2% 28.2% 22.5% 30.1%
2000 38.3% 30% - 26.2%
1999 39.3% 32% - 23.7%
1998 40.1% 34.5% - 23.7%
1997 39.3% 34.6% - 25%
1996 39.9% 37.3% - -
1995 41.6% 43.5% - -
1994 42.8% 48.9% - -
1993 46.8% 54.6% - -
1992 52.5% 58.7% - -
1991 53% 58% 25.4% -
1990 49.6% 55.5% - -
1989 47.8% 54.9% - -
1988 46.1% 54.7% - -
1987 46.1% 62.9% - -
1986 46.9% 68.5% - -
1985 46.2% 64.1% - -
1984 40.7% 62.8% - -
1983 41.4% 59.6% - -
1982 39.9% 51.5% - -
1981 39.1% 50.5% 23.6% -
1980 38% 52.2% - -
1979 38.4% 52% - -
1978 36.6% 50% - -
1977 30% 44.6% - -
1976 31.6% 47.6% 21.4% -
1975 30.1% 41.4% - -
1974 27.3% 39.6% - -
1973 27.1% 44% - -
1972 26.4% 46% - -
1971 26.8% 71.3% - -
1970 24.8% 76.5% - -
1969 25.9% 85.8% - -
1968 26.2% 86.5% - -
1967 26% 59.7% - -
1966 25% 58.2% - -
1965 24.9% 59.6% - -
1964 19.4% 61.8% - -
1963 19.4% 64.5% - -
1962 21.6% 65% - -
1961 21.1% 64.6% - -
1960 25.3% 68.1% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); National Statistics, Taiwan (1976–2024, retrieved 2026-02-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/new-zealand/taiwan | CC BY

In 2024, New Zealand's government spending was $109B, accounting for 41.9% of its GDP, while Taiwan spent $127B, or 15.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 50.2% in New Zealand and 26.3% in Taiwan, ranking 107/185 and 160/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
New Zealand

Taiwan
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
New Zealand Taiwan
2024 -3.61% 0.43%
2023 -3.54% -0.61%
2022 -4.16% 0.17%
2021 -3.5% -0.18%
2020 -4.35% -1.03%
2019 -2.5% 0.11%
2018 1.27% 0.02%
2017 1.36% -0.14%
2016 0.98% -0.31%
2015 0.36% 0.1%
2014 -0.34% -
2013 -1.29% -
2012 -2.19% -
2011 -4.96% -2.15%
2010 -5.51% -
2009 -1.81% -
2008 1.47% -
2007 3.6% -
2006 4.62% -
2005 5.13% -
2004 4.49% -
2003 3.68% -
2002 2.55% -
2001 1.29% -3.71%
2000 0.17% -
1999 -1.11% -
1998 -0.48% -
1997 1.23% -
1996 2.58% -
1995 3.7% -
1994 1.99% -
1993 -1.53% -
1992 -6.27% -
1991 -6.14% -4.5%
1990 -2.74% -
1989 -2.16% -
1988 -1.88% -
1987 -3.43% -
1986 -5.33% -
1985 -6.97% -
1984 -8.68% -
1983 -6.64% -
1982 -6.26% -
1981 -6.02% -0.78%
1980 -4.9% -
1979 -6.55% -
1978 -3.41% -
1977 -1.09% -
1976 -2.07% 1.39%
1975 0.11% -
1974 0.03% -
1973 -0.07% -
1972 0.12% -
1971 0.09% -
1970 -0.05% -
1969 0.17% -
1968 0.03% -
1967 0.02% -
1966 0.09% -
1965 0.26% -
1964 -0.08% -
1963 -0.26% -
1962 0.02% -
1961 0.03% -
1960 0.05% -
1959 0.03% -
1958 -0.02% -
1957 0.32% -
1956 1.33% -
1955 0.73% -
1954 0.22% -
1953 0.43% -
1952 1.73% -
1951 1.17% -
1950 0.78% -
1949 0.53% -
1948 0.36% -
1947 1.07% -
1946 0.31% -
1945 0.32% -
1944 0.59% -
1943 1.24% -
1942 0.56% -
1941 0.64% -
1940 0.13% -
1939 0.34% -
1938 0.38% -
1937 0.23% -
1936 0.17% -
1935 1.19% -
1934 -0.55% -
1933 0.02% -
1932 -1.77% -
1931 -1.12% -
1930 0.09% -
1929 -0.37% -
1928 0.12% -
1927 0.4% -
1926 0.72% -
1925 0.78% -
1924 1.2% -
1923 0.95% -
1922 -0.2% -
1921 3.55% -
1920 1.51% -
1919 2.9% -
1918 4.35% -
1917 3.89% -
1916 1.46% -
1915 0.06% -
1914 0.45% -
1913 0.79% -
1912 0.89% -
1911 1.24% -
1910 0.36% -
1909 0.31% -
1908 1.26% -
1907 1.13% -
1906 0.97% -
1905 1.41% -
1904 1.42% -
1903 0.55% -
1902 0.63% -
1901 1.11% -
1900 1.59% -
1899 1.15% -
1898 1.38% -
1897 0.86% -
1896 0.65% -
1895 0.32% -
1894 0.76% -
1893 1.14% -
1892 0.09% -
1891 0.46% -
1890 0.05% -
1889 0.59% -
1888 -1.64% -
1887 -1.63% -
1886 -0.53% -
1885 -0.47% -
1884 -0.1% -
1883 0.38% -
1882 0.18% -
1881 -2.33% -
1880 -2.39% -
1879 -0.55% -
1878 -0.85% -
1877 -2.53% -
1876 -5.28% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); National Statistics, Taiwan (1976–2024, retrieved 2026-02-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/new-zealand/taiwan | CC BY

In 2024, New Zealand's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $9.38B, equivalent to 3.61% of GDP. This compares to Taiwan's surplus of $3.45B, or 0.43% of GDP.

Over the past 49 years, New Zealand recorded a fiscal deficit in 32 of those years, while Taiwan ran a deficit in 9 years. On average, New Zealand posted an annual deficit equal to 1.65% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.75% of GDP for Taiwan.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
New Zealand

Taiwan
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
New Zealand Taiwan
2024 2.92% 2.2%
2023 5.73% 2.5%
2022 7.17% 2.9%
2021 3.94% 2%
2020 1.71% -0.2%
2019 1.62% 0.6%
2018 1.6% 1.4%
2017 1.85% 0.6%
2016 0.65% 1.4%
2015 0.29% -0.3%
2014 1.23% 1.2%
2013 1.13% 0.8%
2012 1.06% 1.9%
2011 4.03% 1.4%
2010 2.3% 1%
2009 2.12% -0.9%
2008 3.96% 3.5%
2007 2.38% 1.8%
2006 3.37% 0.6%
2005 3.04% 2.3%
2004 2.29% 1.6%
2003 1.75% -0.3%
2002 2.68% -0.2%
2001 2.63% 0%
2000 2.62% 1.2%
1999 -0.11% 0.2%
1998 1.27% 1.7%
1997 1.19% 0.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/new-zealand/taiwan | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, New Zealand has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.37%, compared with 1.14% in Taiwan. In 2024, inflation was 2.92% in New Zealand and 2.2% in Taiwan.

Balance of trade

New Zealand Taiwan
Current account balance
-$12.1B
2024
$113B
2024
Current account balance ranking
178/190
2024
4/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-4.65%
2024
+14.1%
2024
Goods imports
$47.3B
2024
n/a
Goods exports
$43.3B
2024
n/a
Service imports
$19.5B
2024
n/a
Service exports
$18.9B
2024
n/a
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
26.4%
2024
50.2%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
24.8%
2024
63.3%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

New Zealand Taiwan
Economic freedom 77.8 79.8
Economic freedom ranking 13/197 6/197
Property rights 85.4 83.4
Government integrity 90 74.3
Judicial effectiveness 95.9 94.3
Tax burden 66.1 78.9
Government spending 48 90
Fiscal health 72.2 92.9
Business freedom 89.1 78.6
Labor freedom 68.6 69
Monetary freedom 77.4 80.3
Trade freedom 90.6 86
Investment freedom 70 70
Financial freedom 80 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

New Zealand
Taiwan
1x
Year Economic freedom index
New Zealand Taiwan
2026 77.8 79.8
2025 78.1 79.7
2024 77.8 80
2023 78.9 80.7
2022 80.6 80.1
2021 83.9 78.6
2020 84.1 77.1
2019 84.4 77.3
2018 84.2 76.6
2017 83.7 76.5
2016 81.6 74.7
2015 82.1 75.1
2014 81.2 73.9
2013 81.4 72.7
2012 82.1 71.9
2011 82.3 70.8
2010 82.1 70.4
2009 82 69.5
2008 80.7 70.3
2007 81.4 69.4
2006 82 69.7
2005 82.3 71.3
2004 81.5 69.6
2003 81.1 71.7
2002 80.7 71.3
2001 81.1 72.8
2000 80.9 72.5
1999 81.7 71.5
1998 79.2 70.4
1997 79 70
1996 78.1 74.1
1995 - 74.2

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/new-zealand/taiwan | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for New Zealand is 77.8, ranking 13/197, compared to 79.8 for Taiwan, ranking 6/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

New Zealand Taiwan
Services, % of GDP
67.4%
2022
58.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
19.6%
2022
39.8%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
4.57%
2022
1.47%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$252B
2024
$832B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$53,600
2024
n/a
Total reserves including gold
$22.1B
2024
n/a
Total reserves ranking
59/177
2024
n/a
Net foreign direct investment
-$878M
2024
n/a
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.76B
2024
n/a
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$882M
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines n/a
1.5%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.5%
2024
26.7%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); National Statistics, Taiwan (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-09); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/new-zealand/taiwan | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. National Statistics, Taiwan (1951–2025, retrieved 2026-02-09)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  5. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  6. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (1999–2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  8. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  9. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.