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Economy of Finland vs Taiwan compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Finland has a GDP of $299B compared to $802B for Taiwan, ranking 47/197 and 22/197 by economy size, respectively.

Finland has $245B in government debt (82.1% of GDP), compared to $211B (26.3% of GDP) in Taiwan.

Finland vs Taiwan GDP by year

Finland
Taiwan
1x
Year GDP, current $
Finland Taiwan
2024 $298,696,961,298 $801,529,000,000
2023 $295,021,982,463 $757,328,000,000
2022 $280,253,099,309 $765,529,000,000
2021 $294,223,210,496 $777,062,000,000
2020 $270,000,311,606 $676,935,000,000
2019 $267,014,821,129 $613,453,000,000
2018 $273,869,255,596 $610,744,000,000
2017 $253,846,138,440 $591,734,000,000
2016 $238,777,818,793 $543,002,000,000
2015 $233,210,733,506 $534,474,000,000
2014 $273,478,528,955 $535,332,000,000
2013 $270,268,036,626 $512,957,000,000
2012 $257,443,384,493 $495,536,000,000
2011 $275,126,915,516 $483,957,000,000
2010 $249,429,613,683 $444,245,000,000
2009 $253,480,783,439 $390,788,000,000
2008 $285,698,662,071 $415,824,000,000
2007 $256,360,251,538 $406,940,000,000
2006 $217,044,068,234 $386,492,000,000
2005 $204,859,368,791 $374,042,000,000
2004 $197,458,297,640 $346,881,000,000
2003 $171,612,867,736 $317,374,000,000
2002 $140,360,963,812 $307,429,000,000
2001 $129,519,672,869 $299,303,000,000
2000 $125,967,821,111 $330,725,000,000
1999 $135,234,241,918 $303,827,000,000
1998 $133,990,876,725 $279,926,000,000
1997 $126,862,902,302 $303,315,000,000
1996 $131,991,975,149 $292,473,000,000
1995 $134,060,457,516 $279,013,000,000
1994 $103,182,697,780 $256,213,000,000
1993 $89,112,105,756 $234,943,000,000
1992 $112,537,828,511 $222,947,000,000
1991 $127,794,441,994 $187,100,000,000
1990 $141,446,120,355 $166,392,000,000
1989 $118,991,270,611 $152,687,000,000
1988 $109,039,090,263 $126,378,000,000
1987 $91,564,993,913 $104,956,000,000
1986 $73,511,611,541 $78,347,000,000
1985 $55,856,676,899 $63,599,000,000
1984 $52,870,993,273 $61,036,000,000
1983 $50,956,447,481 $54,155,000,000
1982 $52,784,013,815 $49,540,000,000
1981 $52,440,066,134 $49,047,000,000
1980 $53,649,984,061 $42,292,000,000
1979 $44,469,218,440 $33,875,000,000
1978 $36,259,392,058 $27,373,000,000
1977 $33,502,784,418 $22,252,000,000
1976 $31,852,352,670 $18,988,000,000
1975 $29,475,251,333 $15,836,000,000
1974 $24,851,036,710 $14,739,000,000
1973 $19,474,098,335 $10,940,000,000
1972 $14,744,499,570 $8,063,000,000
1971 $12,528,522,307 $6,727,000,000
1970 $11,358,529,162 $5,785,000,000
1969 $10,177,524,839 $5,017,000,000
1968 $8,916,565,041 $4,325,000,000
1967 $9,468,272,357 $3,709,000,000
1966 $9,306,142,172 $3,207,000,000
1965 $8,680,393,839 $2,869,000,000
1964 $7,848,987,793 $2,592,000,000
1963 $6,958,916,548 $2,218,000,000
1962 $6,407,796,043 $1,960,000,000
1961 $5,984,433,774 $1,778,000,000
1960 $5,279,481,824 $1,743,000,000
1959 - $1,444,000,000
1958 - $1,836,000,000
1957 - $1,636,000,000
1956 - $1,399,000,000
1955 - $1,940,000,000
1954 - $1,628,000,000
1953 - $1,481,000,000
1952 - $1,677,000,000
1951 - $1,197,000,000

Data sources: National Statistics, Taiwan (1951–2024, retrieved 2026-02-09); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/taiwan | CC BY

GDP per capita in Finland vs Taiwan by year

Finland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Taiwan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Finland Taiwan
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $53,150 $65,378 $34,238 -
2023 $52,834 $63,415 $32,444 -
2022 $50,441 $62,133 $32,827 -
2021 $53,099 $56,790 $33,111 -
2020 $48,829 $53,297 $28,705 -
2019 $48,358 $52,276 $25,998 -
2018 $49,654 $49,249 $25,901 -
2017 $46,085 $47,235 $25,121 $50,500
2016 $43,451 $44,562 $23,091 -
2015 $42,560 $42,258 $22,780 $46,800
2014 $50,074 $41,547 $22,874 -
2013 $49,691 $41,326 $21,973 $39,600
2012 $47,552 $40,739 $21,295 $39,400
2011 $51,060 $40,846 $20,866 $38,200
2010 $46,506 $38,946 $19,197 $35,700
2009 $47,478 $37,988 $16,933 $32,000
2008 $53,769 $40,081 $18,081 $31,100
2007 $48,473 $37,843 $17,757 $30,100
2006 $41,214 $34,440 $16,934 $29,500
2005 $39,050 $32,048 $16,456 $27,500
2004 $37,768 $31,195 $15,317 $25,300
2003 $32,920 $29,043 $14,066 $23,400
2002 $26,989 $28,596 $13,686 $18,000
2001 $24,965 $27,798 $13,397 $17,200
2000 $24,336 $26,783 $14,908 $17,400
1999 $26,180 $24,762 $13,804 $16,100
1998 $26,000 $23,570 $12,820 -
1997 $24,682 $21,787 $14,020 -
1996 $25,757 $20,067 $13,641 -
1995 $26,246 $19,568 $13,119 -
1994 $20,278 $18,458 $12,150 -
1993 $17,589 $17,458 $11,242 -
1992 $22,320 $17,271 $10,768 -
1991 $25,489 $17,563 $9,125 -
1990 $28,366 $18,149 $8,205 -
1989 $23,969 - $7,613 -
1988 $22,044 - $6,370 -
1987 $18,565 - $5,350 -
1986 $14,947 - $4,036 -
1985 $11,394 - $3,314 -
1984 $10,830 - $3,224 -
1983 $10,494 - $2,903 -
1982 $10,935 - $2,699 -
1981 $10,925 - $2,720 -
1980 $11,225 - $2,389 -
1979 $9,333 - $1,950 -
1978 $7,629 - $1,606 -
1977 $7,070 - $1,330 -
1976 $6,740 - $1,158 -
1975 $6,256 - $985 -
1974 $5,298 - $934 -
1973 $4,174 - $706 -
1972 $3,178 - $530 -
1971 $2,716 - $451 -
1970 $2,466 - $397 -
1969 $2,201 - $357 -
1968 $1,927 - $319 -
1967 $2,056 - $280.8 -
1966 $2,032 - $249.1 -
1965 $1,902 - $229.3 -
1964 $1,726 - $213.6 -
1963 $1,538 - $188.6 -
1962 $1,427 - $172 -
1961 $1,341 - $161.2 -
1960 $1,192 - $163.4 -
1959 - - $140.4 -
1958 - - $185.1 -
1957 - - $170.5 -
1956 - - $150.6 -
1955 - - $216.3 -
1954 - - $188.3 -
1953 - - $177.7 -
1952 - - $208.4 -
1951 - - $154.3 -

Data sources: National Statistics, Taiwan (1951–2024, retrieved 2026-02-09); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (1999–2017, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/taiwan | CC BY

Finland's GDP per capita is $53,150, ranking 23/197, compared to $34,238 in Taiwan, ranking 35/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Finland ranks 27th at $65,378, while Taiwan ranks 44th at $50,500.

Economic indicators

Finland Taiwan
Gross domestic product
$299B
2024
$802B
2024
GDP rank
47/197
2024
22/197
2024
GDP growth
0.42%
2023-2024
2.3%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$53,150
2024
$34,238
2024
GDP per capita rank
23/197
2024
35/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$65,378
2024
$50,500
2017
GDP per capita PPP rank
27/197
2024
44/197
2017
Government debt
$245B
2024
$211B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
82.1%
2024
26.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$43,662
2024
$9,020
2024
Government debt per person rank
12/185
2024
59/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$36,394
2026
$18,163
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$20.3B
2004
n/a
Number of millionaires n/a
759,000
2025
Number of billionaires
7
2025
54
2025
Income share by richest 10%
22.5%
2023
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
3.7%
2023
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
57.7%
2024
15.8%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
1.57%
2023-2024
2.2%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
2%
2024
Unemployment rate
8.34%
2024
3.35%
2025
Population
5631965
23229461

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Finland
Spending

Debt
Taiwan
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Finland Taiwan
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 57.7% 82.1% 15.8% 26.3%
2023 55.9% 77.5% 17.1% 29%
2022 52.6% 74% 16% 29.5%
2021 55.2% 73.2% 15.4% 30.1%
2020 56.5% 75.3% 16.2% 32%
2019 52.6% 65.3% 15.3% 32.6%
2018 52.7% 65.3% 15.4% 33.8%
2017 52.8% 66.6% 15.4% 34.5%
2016 55.1% 68.6% 15.6% 35.4%
2015 55.7% 68.8% 15.5% 35.9%
2014 57.6% 64.8% - 37.5%
2013 57.1% 60.8% - 38.9%
2012 55.7% 57.9% - 39.2%
2011 53.8% 52% 18.3% 38.3%
2010 54% 50.1% - 36.9%
2009 54.1% 41.5% - 36.7%
2008 47.9% 32.6% - 33.4%
2007 46.7% 33.9% - 32.2%
2006 48.3% 38% - 33.3%
2005 49.2% 39.9% - 34.1%
2004 48.2% 42.6% - 33.4%
2003 48.3% 42.7% - 32.1%
2002 47.5% 40.1% - 29.8%
2001 46.2% 40.9% 22.5% 30.1%
2000 46.9% 42.4% - 26.2%
1999 49.9% 44% - 23.7%
1998 51.3% 46.8% - 23.7%
1997 54.9% 52.2% - 25%
1996 58.5% 55.4% - -
1995 60% 55.2% - -
1994 62.2% 56.2% - -
1993 63.7% 54.2% - -
1992 60.8% 39.3% - -
1991 55.8% 21.9% 25.4% -
1990 47.1% 13.9% - -
1989 44.4% 14.3% - -
1988 46.4% 16.5% - -
1987 47.8% 17.6% - -
1986 46.9% 16.4% - -
1985 46.3% 15.8% - -
1984 44.4% 15.2% - -
1983 44.4% 15.4% - -
1982 42.7% 13.9% - -
1981 41% 11.5% 23.6% -
1980 40.1% 10.9% - -
1979 40.3% 11% - -
1978 41.3% 10.7% - -
1977 41.7% 8.22% - -
1976 39.8% 7.09% 21.4% -
1975 38.6% 6.76% - -
1974 22.9% 2.97% - -
1973 21.8% 4.42% - -
1972 20.4% 6.46% - -
1971 22.8% 7.94% - -
1970 21.9% 9.19% - -
1969 22.2% 10.8% - -
1968 25.5% 13.9% - -
1967 23.5% 14.2% - -
1966 23.3% 13.7% - -
1965 23.2% 13% - -
1964 22.8% 12.5% - -
1963 21.6% 12.2% - -
1962 23.9% 10.3% - -
1961 22.7% 9.12% - -
1960 22.5% 9.96% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); National Statistics, Taiwan (1976–2024, retrieved 2026-02-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/taiwan | CC BY

In 2024, Finland's government spending was $172B, accounting for 57.7% of its GDP, while Taiwan spent $127B, or 15.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 82.1% in Finland and 26.3% in Taiwan, ranking 42/185 and 160/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Finland

Taiwan
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Finland Taiwan
2024 -4.41% 0.43%
2023 -2.98% -0.61%
2022 -0.18% 0.17%
2021 -2.69% -0.18%
2020 -5.53% -1.03%
2019 -0.93% 0.11%
2018 -0.87% 0.02%
2017 -0.63% -0.14%
2016 -1.7% -0.31%
2015 -2.43% 0.1%
2014 -2.99% -
2013 -2.52% -
2012 -2.15% -
2011 -1.01% -2.15%
2010 -2.57% -
2009 -2.48% -
2008 4.18% -
2007 5.12% -
2006 3.93% -
2005 2.59% -
2004 2.16% -
2003 2.34% -
2002 3.97% -
2001 4.89% -3.71%
2000 6.73% -
1999 1.6% -
1998 1.54% -
1997 -1.33% -
1996 -3.37% -
1995 -5.98% -
1994 -6.41% -
1993 -8.09% -
1992 -4.88% -
1991 0.3% -4.5%
1990 6.63% -
1989 6.73% -
1988 5.09% -
1987 1.63% -
1986 3.83% -
1985 3.33% -
1984 3.23% -
1983 1.52% -
1982 3.06% -
1981 5.11% -0.78%
1980 3.7% -
1979 3.41% -
1978 3.83% -
1977 6.27% -
1976 7.65% 1.39%
1975 4.96% -
1974 -0.03% -
1973 1.48% -
1972 -0.18% -
1971 0.15% -
1970 1.06% -
1969 0.94% -
1968 -1.69% -
1967 -0.26% -
1966 -1.08% -
1965 -1.67% -
1964 -1.35% -
1963 -2.5% -
1962 -2.37% -
1961 -3.03% -
1960 -0.52% -
1959 -0.12% -
1958 -1.73% -
1957 0.08% -
1956 -1.14% -
1955 -1% -
1954 -0.17% -
1953 0.02% -
1952 -1.24% -
1951 1.1% -
1950 -0.26% -
1949 -2.77% -
1948 1.88% -
1947 -5.99% -
1946 -15.3% -
1945 -6.35% -
1944 -21.5% -
1943 -14.2% -
1942 -16.4% -
1941 -35.8% -
1940 -36.9% -
1939 -9.76% -
1938 -1.48% -
1937 -4.44% -
1936 -3.75% -
1935 -3.81% -
1934 -2.81% -
1933 -1.63% -
1932 -2.61% -
1931 -2.32% -
1930 -1.94% -
1929 -0.78% -
1928 -2.07% -
1927 -0.32% -
1926 -2.9% -
1925 -2.92% -
1924 0.04% -
1923 -2.3% -
1922 0.62% -
1921 -2.59% -
1920 -2.6% -
1919 -7.49% -
1918 -11.4% -
1917 -1.27% -
1916 1.48% -
1915 -0.29% -
1914 -1.15% -
1913 -0.25% -
1912 0.33% -
1911 -0.14% -
1910 -0.3% -
1909 -2.64% -
1908 -1.92% -
1907 0.24% -
1906 0.86% -
1905 -1.28% -
1904 -1.63% -
1903 -0.3% -
1902 -1.74% -
1901 -2.13% -
1900 -0.52% -
1899 -1% -
1898 -4.55% -
1897 -0.37% -
1896 -0.56% -
1895 -1.21% -
1894 -0.62% -
1893 0% -
1892 0.82% -
1891 0.16% -
1890 0.17% -
1889 0.18% -
1888 -0.59% -
1887 -1.46% -
1886 0% -
1885 -1.2% -
1884 -0.2% -
1883 0% -
1882 0.2% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1882–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); National Statistics, Taiwan (1976–2024, retrieved 2026-02-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/taiwan | CC BY

In 2024, Finland's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $13.2B, equivalent to 4.41% of GDP. This compares to Taiwan's surplus of $3.45B, or 0.43% of GDP.

Over the past 49 years, Finland recorded a fiscal deficit in 22 of those years, while Taiwan ran a deficit in 9 years. On average, Finland posted an annual surplus equal to 0.78% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.75% of GDP for Taiwan.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Finland

Taiwan
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Finland Taiwan
2024 1.57% 2.2%
2023 6.25% 2.5%
2022 7.12% 2.9%
2021 2.19% 2%
2020 0.29% -0.2%
2019 1.02% 0.6%
2018 1.08% 1.4%
2017 0.75% 0.6%
2016 0.36% 1.4%
2015 -0.21% -0.3%
2014 1.04% 1.2%
2013 1.48% 0.8%
2012 2.81% 1.9%
2011 3.42% 1.4%
2010 1.18% 1%
2009 -0% -0.9%
2008 4.07% 3.5%
2007 2.51% 1.8%
2006 1.57% 0.6%
2005 0.62% 2.3%
2004 0.19% 1.6%
2003 0.88% -0.3%
2002 1.57% -0.2%
2001 2.58% 0%
2000 3.04% 1.2%
1999 1.16% 0.2%
1998 1.4% 1.7%
1997 1.19% 0.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/taiwan | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Finland has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.83%, compared with 1.14% in Taiwan. In 2024, inflation was 1.57% in Finland and 2.2% in Taiwan.

Balance of trade

Finland Taiwan
Current account balance
-$1.99B
2024
$113B
2024
Current account balance ranking
143/190
2024
4/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.67%
2024
+14.1%
2024
Goods imports
$76.6B
2024
n/a
Goods exports
$83.1B
2024
n/a
Service imports
$47.4B
2024
n/a
Service exports
$42B
2024
n/a
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
41.6%
2024
50.2%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
41.9%
2024
63.3%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Finland Taiwan
Economic freedom 76.6 79.8
Economic freedom ranking 15/197 6/197
Property rights 99.9 83.4
Government integrity 95.4 74.3
Judicial effectiveness 96.4 94.3
Tax burden 68.4 78.9
Government spending 7.9 90
Fiscal health 76.3 92.9
Business freedom 85.3 78.6
Labor freedom 65.4 69
Monetary freedom 80.3 80.3
Trade freedom 79.4 86
Investment freedom 85 70
Financial freedom 80 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Finland
Taiwan
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Finland Taiwan
2026 76.6 79.8
2025 77 79.7
2024 76.3 80
2023 77.1 80.7
2022 78.3 80.1
2021 76.1 78.6
2020 75.7 77.1
2019 74.9 77.3
2018 74.1 76.6
2017 74 76.5
2016 72.6 74.7
2015 73.4 75.1
2014 73.4 73.9
2013 74 72.7
2012 72.3 71.9
2011 74 70.8
2010 73.8 70.4
2009 74.5 69.5
2008 74.6 70.3
2007 74 69.4
2006 72.9 69.7
2005 71 71.3
2004 73.4 69.6
2003 73.7 71.7
2002 73.6 71.3
2001 69.7 72.8
2000 64.3 72.5
1999 63.9 71.5
1998 63.5 70.4
1997 65.2 70
1996 63.7 74.1
1995 - 74.2

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/taiwan | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Finland is 76.6, ranking 15/197, compared to 79.8 for Taiwan, ranking 6/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Finland Taiwan
Services, % of GDP
62.2%
2024
58.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
22.8%
2024
39.8%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
2.47%
2024
1.47%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$290B
2024
$832B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$65,640
2024
n/a
Total reserves including gold
$18B
2024
n/a
Total reserves ranking
65/177
2024
n/a
Net foreign direct investment
$3.28B
2024
n/a
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$8.74B
2024
n/a
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$12B
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.2%
2022
1.5%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.3%
2024
26.7%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); National Statistics, Taiwan (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-09); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/finland/taiwan | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. National Statistics, Taiwan (1951–2025, retrieved 2026-02-09)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1882–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  5. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  6. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (1999–2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  8. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  9. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.