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Economy of Brazil vs Taiwan compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Brazil has a GDP of $2.18T compared to $797B for Taiwan, ranking 10/197 and 22/197 by economy size, respectively.

Brazil has $1.9T in government debt (92% of GDP), compared to $209B (24% of GDP) in Taiwan.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Brazil
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Taiwan
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Brazil Taiwan
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $17,030,465,539 $188,463,862,170 - -
1961 $17,275,940,449 $204,671,754,317 $1,778,000,000 $8,679,929,611
1962 $19,231,747,852 $218,180,090,102 $1,960,000,000 $9,454,346,748
1963 $23,287,712,878 $219,489,170,643 $2,218,000,000 $10,464,907,675
1964 $20,963,733,695 $226,951,802,444 $2,592,000,000 $11,793,964,384
1965 $22,465,522,884 $232,398,645,703 $2,869,000,000 $13,190,336,174
1966 $28,283,323,733 $247,969,354,965 $3,207,000,000 $14,463,525,312
1967 $31,086,389,195 $258,384,067,874 $3,709,000,000 $16,077,852,678
1968 $33,930,457,425 $283,705,706,525 $4,325,000,000 $17,637,862,239
1969 $37,171,640,819 $310,657,748,645 $5,017,000,000 $19,323,708,846
1970 $42,327,664,794 $342,966,154,504 $5,785,000,000 $21,555,007,674
1971 $48,869,830,902 $381,868,537,873 $6,727,000,000 $24,445,797,153
1972 $58,434,858,375 $427,464,970,641 $8,063,000,000 $27,842,009,247
1973 $83,592,275,863 $487,176,363,096 $10,940,000,000 $32,847,062,458
1974 $109,794,519,728 $526,900,425,028 $14,739,000,000 $33,945,846,774
1975 $129,203,555,239 $554,123,521,012 $15,836,000,000 $36,044,903,890
1976 $153,168,949,208 $610,960,688,345 $18,988,000,000 $41,191,572,828
1977 $176,344,101,402 $641,107,493,085 $22,252,000,000 $45,893,568,392
1978 $200,278,646,124 $672,969,879,570 $27,373,000,000 $53,597,868,524
1979 $221,338,204,480 $718,459,683,183 $33,875,000,000 $59,870,085,548
1980 $237,393,489,893 $784,557,974,035 $42,292,000,000 $64,680,315,014
1981 $258,015,174,749 $751,214,260,139 $49,047,000,000 $67,783,428,692
1982 $271,314,113,768 $757,449,338,498 $49,540,000,000 $66,810,194,447
1983 $189,656,506,321 $735,256,072,880 $54,155,000,000 $71,137,046,806
1984 $188,339,974,087 $774,959,900,815 $61,036,000,000 $79,147,911,326
1985 $210,879,844,639 $835,794,253,030 $63,599,000,000 $82,460,447,325
1986 $256,480,852,471 $898,395,242,581 $78,347,000,000 $96,836,732,438
1987 $283,056,836,894 $930,108,594,645 $104,956,000,000 $129,675,882,423
1988 $307,881,930,752 $929,550,529,488 $126,378,000,000 $156,044,046,292
1989 $412,990,820,287 $958,924,326,220 $152,687,000,000 $183,784,649,810
1990 $384,959,818,182 $917,211,118,029 $166,392,000,000 $190,504,223,552
1991 $342,534,090,909 $926,678,475,666 $187,100,000,000 $206,988,834,464
1992 $328,191,909,882 $921,636,677,089 $222,947,000,000 $238,968,470,019
1993 $368,292,034,381 $967,024,426,396 $234,943,000,000 $243,364,255,376
1994 $525,369,467,296 $1,023,623,112,444 $256,213,000,000 $260,942,755,411
1995 $769,333,050,987 $1,066,858,840,298 $279,013,000,000 $277,583,630,009
1996 $850,426,432,992 $1,090,424,301,690 $292,473,000,000 $284,304,017,330
1997 $883,206,179,730 $1,127,442,527,330 $303,315,000,000 $288,489,435,863
1998 $863,710,759,256 $1,131,254,386,852 $279,926,000,000 $257,858,026,837
1999 $599,642,024,320 $1,136,547,951,100 $303,827,000,000 $285,370,494,339
2000 $655,448,231,984 $1,186,419,100,641 $330,725,000,000 $313,484,942,307
2001 $559,983,634,799 $1,202,909,097,021 $299,303,000,000 $285,512,538,534
2002 $509,795,273,807 $1,239,639,467,498 $307,429,000,000 $294,450,146,922
2003 $558,233,745,652 $1,253,781,634,017 $317,374,000,000 $308,324,316,262
2004 $669,289,424,806 $1,325,999,012,758 $346,881,000,000 $339,503,528,904
2005 $891,633,839,894 $1,368,459,252,278 $374,042,000,000 $371,706,869,424
2006 $1,107,626,541,435 $1,422,677,453,371 $386,492,000,000 $388,895,059,066
2007 $1,397,114,486,369 $1,509,032,133,942 $406,940,000,000 $411,645,733,929
2008 $1,695,855,083,498 $1,585,905,180,197 $415,824,000,000 $432,019,156,870
2009 $1,666,996,438,581 $1,583,909,921,137 $390,788,000,000 $405,487,441,747
2010 $2,208,837,745,101 $1,703,150,236,757 $444,245,000,000 $466,993,498,994
2011 $2,616,156,223,918 $1,770,840,632,844 $483,957,000,000 $519,940,525,565
2012 $2,465,227,802,807 $1,804,861,597,828 $495,536,000,000 $528,811,359,505
2013 $2,472,819,535,557 $1,859,094,488,272 $512,957,000,000 $539,165,671,117
2014 $2,456,043,727,199 $1,868,463,501,662 $535,332,000,000 $553,457,593,678
2015 $1,802,212,206,815 $1,802,212,206,815 $534,474,000,000 $534,474,000,000
2016 $1,795,693,482,853 $1,743,173,232,417 $543,002,000,000 $538,950,160,299
2017 $2,063,514,977,366 $1,766,233,131,667 $591,734,000,000 $593,383,986,358
2018 $1,916,933,898,011 $1,797,736,844,969 $610,744,000,000 $616,265,638,561
2019 $1,873,288,205,060 $1,819,683,217,699 $613,453,000,000 $619,320,922,242
2020 $1,476,107,231,310 $1,760,056,587,795 $676,935,000,000 $669,693,209,528
2021 $1,670,647,398,905 $1,843,881,119,920 $777,062,000,000 $754,527,202,297
2022 $1,951,923,942,083 $1,899,505,377,558 $765,529,000,000 $728,253,805,256
2023 $2,191,131,765,685 $1,961,080,794,856 $757,276,000,000 $704,527,158,972
2024 $2,179,412,080,829 $2,027,676,479,715 $796,904,000,000 $716,608,430,916

Economic indicators

Brazil Taiwan
Gross domestic product
$2.18T
2024
$797B
2024
GDP rank
10/197
2024
22/197
2024
GDP growth
-0.53%
2023-2024
5.23%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$10,280
2024
$34,041
2024
GDP per capita rank
85/197
2024
34/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,333
2024
$50,500
2017
Government debt
$1.9T
2024
$209B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
92%
2025
24%
2025
Government debt per person
$8,973
2024
$8,907
2024
Government debt per person rank
60/185
2024
61/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$5,664
2025
$17,771
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$659B
2024
n/a
Number of millionaires
380,585
2024
788,799
2024
Number of billionaires
56
2025
54
2025
Income share by richest 10%
40.8%
2023
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2023
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
47.7%
2025
15.9%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
5.2%
2024-2025
1.7%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
15%
2025
2%
2024
Unemployment rate
6.8%
2024
3.38%
2024
Population
213415080
23308308

GDP per capita in Brazil vs Taiwan

Brazil's GDP per capita is $10,280, ranking 85/197, compared to $34,041 in Taiwan, ranking 34/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Brazil ranks 86th at $22,333, while Taiwan ranks 43rd at $50,500.

Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Taiwan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Brazil Taiwan
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $235.3 - - -
1961 $231.6 - $161.2 -
1962 $250.2 - $172 -
1963 $294.2 - $188.6 -
1964 $257.3 - $213.6 -
1965 $268 - $229.3 -
1966 $328 - $249.1 -
1967 $351 - $280.8 -
1968 $374 - $319 -
1969 $399 - $357 -
1970 $444 - $397 -
1971 $500 - $451 -
1972 $583 - $530 -
1973 $815 - $706 -
1974 $1,045 - $934 -
1975 $1,201 - $985 -
1976 $1,390 - $1,158 -
1977 $1,562 - $1,330 -
1978 $1,733 - $1,606 -
1979 $1,870 - $1,950 -
1980 $1,959 - $2,389 -
1981 $2,080 - $2,720 -
1982 $2,138 - $2,699 -
1983 $1,461 - $2,903 -
1984 $1,420 - $3,224 -
1985 $1,556 - $3,314 -
1986 $1,854 - $4,036 -
1987 $2,006 - $5,350 -
1988 $2,141 - $6,370 -
1989 $2,819 - $7,613 -
1990 $2,581 $6,688 $8,205 -
1991 $2,258 $6,867 $9,125 -
1992 $2,127 $6,869 $10,768 -
1993 $2,349 $7,260 $11,242 -
1994 $3,299 $7,727 $12,150 -
1995 $4,757 $8,097 $13,119 -
1996 $5,179 $8,301 $13,641 -
1997 $5,299 $8,602 $14,020 -
1998 $5,106 $8,599 $12,820 -
1999 $3,494 $8,635 $13,804 $16,100
2000 $3,767 $9,092 $14,908 $17,400
2001 $3,176 $9,304 $13,397 $17,200
2002 $2,856 $9,617 $13,686 $18,000
2003 $3,091 $9,802 $14,066 $23,400
2004 $3,664 $10,526 $15,317 $25,300
2005 $4,828 $11,081 $16,456 $27,500
2006 $5,934 $11,751 $16,934 $29,500
2007 $7,410 $12,673 $17,757 $30,100
2008 $8,908 $13,445 $18,081 $31,100
2009 $8,679 $13,391 $16,933 $32,000
2010 $11,403 $14,452 $19,197 $35,700
2011 $13,397 $15,212 $20,866 $38,200
2012 $12,522 $15,198 $21,295 $39,400
2013 $12,459 $15,722 $21,973 $39,600
2014 $12,275 $15,827 $22,874 -
2015 $8,936 $14,821 $22,780 $46,800
2016 $8,836 $14,309 $23,091 -
2017 $10,081 $14,559 $25,121 $50,500
2018 $9,301 $15,464 $25,901 -
2019 $9,030 $16,070 $25,998 -
2020 $7,074 $16,102 $28,705 -
2021 $7,973 $18,076 $33,111 -
2022 $9,281 $19,877 $32,827 -
2023 $10,378 $21,176 $32,442 -
2024 $10,280 $22,333 $34,041 -

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Brazil's government spending was $991B, accounting for 47.7% of its GDP, while Taiwan's spent $127B, or 15.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 92% in Brazil and 24% in Taiwan, ranking 31/185 and 170/185, respectively.

Brazil
Government spending

Government debt
Taiwan
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Brazil Taiwan
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 13.7% 22.3% - -
1961 12% 25.7% - -
1962 23.1% 23.7% - -
1963 22.8% 20.4% - -
1964 25.4% 22.2% - -
1965 14% 17.6% - -
1966 14.6% 19.6% - -
1967 13.5% 13.8% - -
1968 14.4% 15.8% - -
1969 11.2% 16.5% - -
1970 11.4% 17% - -
1971 11.7% 17.9% - -
1972 12.6% 22.5% - -
1973 11% 22.4% - -
1974 10.5% 25.7% - -
1975 10.7% 27.7% - -
1976 10.6% 31.8% 21.4% -
1977 10.4% 31% 18.3% -
1978 10.2% 37% 14.9% -
1979 9% 36.6% 12% -
1980 6.8% 39.7% 9.63% -
1981 7.8% 34.6% 23.6% -
1982 8.1% 32.8% 23.3% -
1983 9.7% 51.5% 21.3% -
1984 10% 55.8% 18.9% -
1985 11.1% 52.6% 18.2% -
1986 11.7% 49.4% 14.8% -
1987 - 50.3% 11% -
1988 - 46.9% 9.14% -
1989 - 40.2% 7.57% -
1990 - 40.6% 6.95% -
1991 - 38.1% 25.4% -
1992 - 37.1% 21.3% -
1993 - 32.6% 20.3% -
1994 - 30% 18.6% -
1995 - 28% 17.1% -
1996 38.2% 30.7% 16.3% -
1997 38.6% 31.8% 15.7% 25%
1998 40.9% 38.9% 17% 23.7%
1999 39.6% 44.5% 15.7% 23.7%
2000 34.5% 62.2% 14.4% 26.2%
2001 39.8% 67.3% 22.5% 30.1%
2002 44.5% 76.1% 21.9% 29.8%
2003 41.3% 71.5% 21.2% 32.1%
2004 39.7% 68% 19.4% 33.4%
2005 41.9% 67% 18% 34.1%
2006 42.6% 64.6% 17.4% 33.3%
2007 40.4% 63% 16.5% 32.2%
2008 39.9% 61.4% 16.2% 33.4%
2009 40.5% 64.7% 17.2% 36.7%
2010 39.5% 62.4% 15.1% 36.9%
2011 39.4% 60.6% 18.3% 38.3%
2012 39.3% 61.6% 17.9% 39.2%
2013 39.8% 59.6% 17.3% 38.9%
2014 41.4% 61.6% 16.6% 37.5%
2015 46.2% 71.7% 15.5% 35.9%
2016 45.5% 77.4% 15.6% 35.4%
2017 44.3% 82.7% 15.4% 34.5%
2018 44.2% 84.8% 15.4% 33.8%
2019 43% 87.1% 15.3% 32.6%
2020 46.2% 96% 16.2% 32%
2021 40.4% 88.9% 15.4% 30.1%
2022 43.4% 83.9% 16% 29.5%
2023 45.3% 84% 17.1% 29%
2024 45.5% 87.3% 15.9% 26.2%
2025 47.7% 92% - 24%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Brazil's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$144B, equivalent to -6.63% of GDP. This compares to Taiwan's surplus of $3.45B, or 0.43% of GDP.

Over the past 49 years, Brazil recorded a fiscal deficit in 42 of those years, while Taiwan ran a deficit in 39 years. On average, Brazil posted an annual deficit equal to -3.27% of GDP, compared to deficit of -1.48% of GDP for Taiwan.

Deficit/surplus
Brazil

Taiwan
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Brazil Taiwan
1880 -4.84% -
1881 -1.9% -
1882 -1.58% -
1883 -3.33% -
1884 -3.89% -
1885 -5.71% -
1886 -3.8% -
1887 -0.76% -
1888 0.63% -
1889 -3.79% -
1890 -3.02% -
1891 0.51% -
1892 -2.6% -
1893 -1.77% -
1894 -4.11% -
1895 -1.33% -
1896 -0.79% -
1897 -2.38% -
1898 -14% -
1899 -2.13% -
1900 -5.57% -
1901 -2.46% -
1902 1.59% -
1903 1.79% -
1904 -0.62% -
1905 0.96% -
1906 0.28% -
1907 0.38% -
1908 -1.89% -
1909 -1.62% -
1910 -2.06% -
1911 -2.15% -
1912 -3.05% -
1913 -1.91% -
1914 -7.32% -
1915 -6.33% -
1916 -4.35% -
1917 -4.8% -
1918 -4.51% -
1919 -3.69% -
1920 -3.11% -
1921 -2.98% -
1922 -3.8% -
1923 -1.94% -
1924 -0.45% -
1925 -0.07% -
1926 -0.76% -
1927 0.12% -
1928 0.57% -
1929 -0.09% -
1930 -3.58% -
1931 -1.56% -
1932 -6.47% -
1933 -1.56% -
1934 -2.28% -
1935 -0.5% -
1936 -0.27% -
1937 -1.62% -
1938 -0.59% -
1939 -1.2% -
1940 -1.13% -
1941 -2.15% -
1942 -2.55% -
1943 -0.75% -
1944 -2.37% -
1945 -2.87% -
1946 -1.78% -
1947 0.25% -
1948 0.002% -
1949 -1.22% -
1950 -1.58% -
1951 0.87% -
1952 0.64% -
1953 -1.26% -
1954 -0.49% -
1955 -0.62% -
1956 -0.14% -
1957 -0.29% -
1958 -0.76% -
1959 -0.18% -
1960 -3.85% -
1961 -2.93% -
1962 -6.82% -
1963 -5.78% -
1964 -8.79% -
1965 -2% -
1966 -1.3% -
1967 -2.1% -
1968 -1.6% -
1969 -0.6% -
1970 -0.4% -
1971 -0.3% -
1972 -0.1% -
1973 0.1% -
1974 0.6% -
1975 0% -
1976 0.1% 1.39%
1977 0.1% 1.19%
1978 -0.1% 0.97%
1979 0.4% 0.78%
1980 2.5% 0.63%
1981 1% -0.78%
1982 1.4% -0.77%
1983 0.1% -0.7%
1984 -0.4% -0.62%
1985 -1.3% -0.6%
1986 -1.6% -0.49%
1987 -1.6% -0.36%
1988 -1.6% -0.3%
1989 -1.6% -0.25%
1990 -1.6% -0.23%
1991 -1.6% -4.5%
1992 -1.6% -3.78%
1993 -1.6% -3.58%
1994 -1.6% -3.29%
1995 -1.6% -3.02%
1996 -5.35% -2.88%
1997 -5.6% -2.78%
1998 -7.22% -3.01%
1999 -5.17% -2.77%
2000 -3.32% -2.55%
2001 -3.47% -3.71%
2002 -4.15% -3.61%
2003 -5.4% -3.49%
2004 -2.95% -3.2%
2005 -3.36% -2.97%
2006 -4.87% -2.87%
2007 -2.66% -2.73%
2008 -2.39% -2.67%
2009 -4.23% -2.84%
2010 -3.55% -2.5%
2011 -2.74% -2.15%
2012 -2.35% -2.1%
2013 -3.42% -2.03%
2014 -6.27% -1.94%
2015 -9.28% 0.1%
2016 -7.99% -0.31%
2017 -7.97% -0.14%
2018 -6.99% 0.02%
2019 -4.86% 0.11%
2020 -11.6% -1.03%
2021 -2.63% -0.18%
2022 -3.96% 0.17%
2023 -7.71% -0.61%
2024 -6.63% 0.43%
2025 -8.52% -

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 30 years, Brazil has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.42%, compared with 1.22% in Taiwan. In 2025, inflation was 5.2% in Brazil and 1.7% in Taiwan.

Inflation
Brazil

Taiwan
Year Inflation
Brazil Taiwan Brazil Taiwan
1996 15.8% 3.1%
1997 6.9% 0.9%
1998 3.2% 1.7%
1999 4.9% 0.2%
2000 7% 1.2%
2001 6.8% 0%
2002 8.4% -0.2%
2003 14.7% -0.3%
2004 6.6% 1.6%
2005 6.9% 2.3%
2006 4.2% 0.6%
2007 3.6% 1.8%
2008 5.7% 3.5%
2009 4.9% -0.9%
2010 5% 1%
2011 6.6% 1.4%
2012 5.4% 1.9%
2013 6.2% 0.8%
2014 6.3% 1.2%
2015 9% -0.3%
2016 8.7% 1.4%
2017 3.4% 0.6%
2018 3.7% 1.4%
2019 3.7% 0.6%
2020 3.2% -0.2%
2021 8.3% 2%
2022 9.3% 2.9%
2023 4.6% 2.5%
2024 4.4% 2.2%
2025 5.2% 1.7%

Balance of trade

Brazil Taiwan
Current account balance
-$57.9B
2024
$113B
2024
Current account balance ranking
187/189
2024
4/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.66%
2024
+14.1%
2024
Goods imports
$274B
2024
n/a
Goods exports
$340B
2024
n/a
Service imports
$103B
2024
n/a
Service exports
$48.1B
2024
n/a
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.5%
2024
50.2%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
18%
2024
63.3%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Brazil Taiwan
Economic freedom 55.1 79.7
Economic freedom ranking 129/197 5/197
Property rights 51.4 83
Government integrity 36.4 73.3
Judicial effectiveness 54.2 94.4
Tax burden 74.8 79
Government spending 44.3 90.1
Fiscal health 49.6 91.3
Business freedom 66.8 79.6
Labor freedom 57.1 69
Monetary freedom 74.4 79.9
Trade freedom 71.6 86.6
Investment freedom 40 70
Financial freedom 40 60

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Brazil is 55.1, ranking 129/197, compared to 79.7 for Taiwan, ranking 5/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Brazil
Taiwan
Year Economic freedom index
Brazil Taiwan
1995 51.4 74.2
1996 48.1 74.1
1997 52.6 70
1998 52.3 70.4
1999 61.3 71.5
2000 61.1 72.5
2001 61.9 72.8
2002 61.5 71.3
2003 63.4 71.7
2004 62 69.6
2005 61.7 71.3
2006 60.9 69.7
2007 56.2 69.4
2008 56.2 70.3
2009 56.7 69.5
2010 55.6 70.4
2011 56.3 70.8
2012 57.9 71.9
2013 57.7 72.7
2014 56.9 73.9
2015 56.6 75.1
2016 56.5 74.7
2017 52.9 76.5
2018 51.4 76.6
2019 51.9 77.3
2020 53.7 77.1
2021 53.4 78.6
2022 53.3 80.1
2023 53.5 80.7
2024 53.2 80
2025 55.1 79.7

More economic indicators

Brazil Taiwan
Services, % of GDP
59.3%
2024
58.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
21.3%
2024
39.8%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.58%
2024
1.47%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.11T
2024
$825B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$21,650
2024
n/a
Total reserves including gold
$330B
2024
n/a
Total reserves ranking
11/177
2024
n/a
Net foreign direct investment
-$44.7B
2024
n/a
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$71.1B
2024
n/a
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$26.3B
2024
n/a
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
10.7%
2023
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
4.2%
2020
1.5%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
16.9%
2024
26.7%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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Economy comparisons

Economy vs Brazil vs Taiwan
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.