Skip to content

Economy of Slovakia vs Sweden compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Slovakia has a GDP of $141B compared to $604B for Sweden, ranking 61/197 and 26/197 by economy size, respectively.

Slovakia has $80.7B in government debt (57.2% of GDP), compared to $199B (33% of GDP) in Sweden.

Slovakia vs Sweden GDP by year

Slovakia
Sweden
1x
Year GDP, current $
Slovakia Sweden
2024 $140,934,076,532 $603,715,224,266
2023 $133,578,518,424 $578,990,915,246
2022 $115,792,972,358 $575,071,237,641
2021 $120,511,265,913 $631,693,331,301
2020 $107,732,602,896 $544,265,668,452
2019 $105,843,498,304 $530,894,124,494
2018 $106,611,673,365 $549,649,344,043
2017 $95,978,130,735 $535,172,356,785
2016 $90,347,173,229 $513,058,312,951
2015 $89,178,548,717 $501,602,351,912
2014 $101,713,075,599 $577,727,767,304
2013 $99,134,277,850 $584,125,353,119
2012 $94,724,394,278 $549,739,674,655
2011 $99,705,104,723 $570,538,581,144
2010 $91,112,160,801 $492,750,897,239
2009 $89,342,984,698 $434,311,714,442
2008 $100,830,060,553 $514,614,100,833
2007 $86,587,749,518 $490,047,789,548
2006 $70,751,813,443 $422,528,394,459
2005 $62,547,753,148 $391,688,455,929
2004 $57,215,475,076 $384,545,442,175
2003 $46,616,149,117 $334,072,443,516
2002 $35,243,658,399 $267,371,907,447
2001 $30,726,659,551 $242,497,797,485
2000 $29,215,726,005 $262,903,560,280
1999 $30,496,272,225 $274,318,357,862
1998 $29,976,207,629 $270,887,306,759
1997 $27,844,628,979 $268,249,616,891
1996 $28,197,790,875 $291,949,597,375
1995 $26,180,022,222 $267,050,453,507
1994 $20,428,139,756 $228,699,066,874
1993 $16,737,973,764 $212,644,602,616
1992 $15,699,327,209 $283,908,914,454
1991 $14,459,924,589 $273,831,464,572
1990 $12,915,046,978 $261,466,577,009
1989 - $217,632,340,195
1988 - $206,686,590,776
1987 - $182,744,315,974
1986 - $150,279,869,729
1985 - $113,958,084,357
1984 - $109,043,045,407
1983 - $104,862,109,663
1982 - $114,214,731,799
1981 - $129,498,921,476
1980 - $141,886,067,004
1979 - $123,207,527,699
1978 - $104,290,933,496
1977 - $94,331,782,622
1976 - $89,232,517,046
1975 - $82,765,232,648
1974 - $65,917,634,590
1973 - $59,318,842,992
1972 - $48,883,173,400
1971 - $41,506,151,115
1970 - $38,037,226,668
1969 - $33,967,301,561
1968 - $31,277,871,669
1967 - $29,474,881,506
1966 - $27,154,716,721
1965 - $24,963,947,415
1964 - $22,685,490,195
1963 - $20,342,131,882
1962 - $18,794,066,990
1961 - $17,329,620,585
1960 - $15,930,075,467

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/slovakia/sweden | CC BY

GDP per capita in Slovakia vs Sweden by year

Slovakia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Sweden
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Slovakia Sweden
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $25,993 $48,132 $57,117 $71,845
2023 $24,615 $45,974 $54,950 $69,226
2022 $21,318 $41,562 $54,837 $67,076
2021 $22,123 $38,346 $60,648 $62,732
2020 $19,735 $35,328 $52,569 $57,489
2019 $19,406 $33,986 $51,649 $57,046
2018 $19,573 $31,510 $54,018 $53,122
2017 $17,646 $30,246 $53,210 $51,474
2016 $16,636 $29,868 $51,704 $50,290
2015 $16,442 $30,148 $51,188 $48,772
2014 $18,771 $29,108 $59,583 $46,841
2013 $18,313 $28,075 $60,844 $46,098
2012 $17,517 $27,023 $57,750 $45,207
2011 $18,469 $26,202 $60,379 $44,333
2010 $16,899 $25,382 $52,543 $41,951
2009 $16,587 $23,077 $46,708 $40,094
2008 $18,744 $23,714 $55,817 $41,907
2007 $16,110 $21,232 $53,568 $40,813
2006 $13,168 $18,906 $46,531 $37,672
2005 $11,642 $16,570 $43,378 $34,198
2004 $10,650 $15,166 $42,758 $33,805
2003 $8,675 $14,088 $37,292 $31,788
2002 $6,555 $13,292 $29,958 $30,987
2001 $5,712 $12,367 $27,259 $29,946
2000 $5,422 $11,370 $29,633 $29,636
1999 $5,652 $10,726 $30,969 $27,496
1998 $5,561 $10,666 $30,605 $25,897
1997 $5,172 $10,137 $30,324 $24,817
1996 $5,248 $9,500 $33,022 $23,952
1995 $4,883 $8,812 $30,254 $23,084
1994 $3,821 $8,178 $26,046 $21,835
1993 $3,143 $7,569 $24,390 $20,700
1992 $2,959 $7,270 $32,753 $20,767
1991 $2,727 $7,623 $31,777 $20,663
1990 $2,437 $8,638 $30,549 $20,357
1989 - - $25,625 -
1988 - - $24,499 -
1987 - - $21,761 -
1986 - - $17,955 -
1985 - - $13,647 -
1984 - - $13,080 -
1983 - - $12,590 -
1982 - - $13,719 -
1981 - - $15,564 -
1980 - - $17,073 -
1979 - - $14,856 -
1978 - - $12,602 -
1977 - - $11,432 -
1976 - - $10,853 -
1975 - - $10,103 -
1974 - - $8,078 -
1973 - - $7,291 -
1972 - - $6,018 -
1971 - - $5,125 -
1970 - - $4,729 -
1969 - - $4,263 -
1968 - - $3,953 -
1967 - - $3,746 -
1966 - - $3,478 -
1965 - - $3,228 -
1964 - - $2,961 -
1963 - - $2,675 -
1962 - - $2,485 -
1961 - - $2,304 -
1960 - - $2,128 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/slovakia/sweden | CC BY

Slovakia's GDP per capita is $25,993, ranking 47/197, compared to $57,117 in Sweden, ranking 17/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Slovakia ranks 49th at $48,132, while Sweden ranks 23rd at $71,845.

Economic indicators

Slovakia Sweden
Gross domestic product
$141B
2024
$604B
2024
GDP rank
61/197
2024
26/197
2024
GDP growth
1.94%
2023-2024
0.82%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$25,993
2024
$57,117
2024
GDP per capita rank
47/197
2024
17/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$48,132
2024
$71,845
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
49/197
2024
23/197
2024
Government debt
$80.7B
2024
$199B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
57.2%
2024
33%
2024
Government debt per person
$14,876
2024
$18,842
2024
Government debt per person rank
40/185
2024
32/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$17,983
2026
$42,066
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$5.38B
2014
$290B
2003
Number of millionaires n/a
490,000
2025
Number of billionaires
2
2025
45
2025
Income share by richest 10%
18.8%
2023
22.3%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.3%
2023
2.8%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
47.1%
2024
49.3%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.76%
2023-2024
2.84%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
1.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.34%
2024
8.31%
2024
Population
5359438
10680056

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Slovakia
Spending

Debt
Sweden
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Slovakia Sweden
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 47.1% 57.2% 49.3% 33%
2023 48% 55.6% 48.9% 31.8%
2022 43% 57.7% 48.3% 33.9%
2021 44.9% 60.2% 49.3% 37%
2020 44.5% 58.4% 52% 40.2%
2019 40.6% 48% 48.8% 35.8%
2018 39.7% 49.3% 49.8% 39.9%
2017 39.8% 51.4% 49.2% 41.6%
2016 40.9% 52.1% 49.5% 42.9%
2015 44.1% 51.6% 49.4% 44.5%
2014 42% 53.4% 50.7% 45.7%
2013 41.1% 54.6% 51.4% 40.8%
2012 40% 51.7% 50.2% 38%
2011 40.8% 43.3% 49.1% 37.7%
2010 41% 40.7% 49.7% 38.6%
2009 43.2% 36.4% 51.7% 41.2%
2008 36.5% 28.6% 49.4% 38%
2007 35.9% 30.4% 48.5% 39.2%
2006 38.2% 31.5% 50.1% 43.8%
2005 39.1% 35% 51.2% 48.9%
2004 38.4% 42% 51.7% 48.7%
2003 40% 43.6% 53% 49.4%
2002 46% 45.6% 52.7% 49.8%
2001 46.2% 51.4% 51.7% 52%
2000 53.2% 50.6% 52.2% 50.4%
1999 48.4% 47.1% 55.2% 60.3%
1998 46.2% 33.9% 55.6% 65.4%
1997 48.6% 32.8% 57.9% 67.7%
1996 52.8% 30.3% 60% 68.9%
1995 47.8% 21.3% 62.1% 68.7%
1994 - - 65.3% 68.6%
1993 - - 67.9% 66.1%
1992 - - 66.5% 45.7%
1991 - - 61.2% 40.2%
1990 - - 57.5% 40.3%
1989 - - 35.8% 44.8%
1988 - - 37.9% 50.3%
1987 - - 40.9% 56%
1986 - - 42.1% 59.5%
1985 - - 47.6% 61.2%
1984 - - 46.7% 57.5%
1983 - - 48.6% 54.5%
1982 - - 46.4% 47.9%
1981 - - 46.1% 41.5%
1980 - - 41% 34.4%
1979 - - 39.9% 28.3%
1978 - - 39.1% 24%
1977 - - 35.7% 21%
1976 - - 32.3% 19%
1975 - - 30.6% 19.9%
1974 - - 30.1% 19.4%
1973 - - 31.1% 18%
1972 - - 31.9% 17.2%
1971 - - 29.8% 16.9%
1970 - - 29.5% 16.9%
1969 - - 28.7% 17.6%
1968 - - 28.3% 17.6%
1967 - - 27.7% 16.1%
1966 - - 26.5% 15.3%
1965 - - 24.6% 17%
1964 - - 23.4% 18.7%
1963 - - 24.4% 20.7%
1962 - - 23.4% 23%
1961 - - 23.7% 26%
1960 - - 24.4% 28.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/slovakia/sweden | CC BY

In 2024, Slovakia's government spending was $66.4B, accounting for 47.1% of its GDP, while Sweden spent $298B, or 49.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 57.2% in Slovakia and 33% in Sweden, ranking 90/185 and 148/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Slovakia

Sweden
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Slovakia Sweden
2024 -5.27% -1.72%
2023 -5.15% -0.63%
2022 -1.16% 1%
2021 -5.09% -0.15%
2020 -5.3% -3.18%
2019 -1.21% 0.44%
2018 -1.01% 0.67%
2017 -0.98% 1.29%
2016 -2.59% 0.86%
2015 -2.78% -0.27%
2014 -3.25% -1.84%
2013 -2.86% -1.63%
2012 -4.37% -1.19%
2011 -4.36% -0.41%
2010 -7.44% -0.14%
2009 -8.18% -0.89%
2008 -2.54% 1.87%
2007 -2.26% 3.37%
2006 -3.57% 2.2%
2005 -2.86% 2.08%
2004 -2.36% 0.17%
2003 -2.28% -1.25%
2002 -8.35% -1.46%
2001 -7.74% 1.37%
2000 -12.7% 3.11%
1999 -7.25% 0.6%
1998 -5.37% 0.82%
1997 -6.24% -1.57%
1996 -9.72% -3.11%
1995 -3.43% -7.01%
1994 - -8.77%
1993 - -10.9%
1992 - -8.51%
1991 - 0.28%
1990 - 3.7%
1989 - 1.5%
1988 - -0.64%
1987 - -2%
1986 - -6.21%
1985 - -9.91%
1984 - -12.1%
1983 - -15.1%
1982 - -13.4%
1981 - -12.8%
1980 - -11.5%
1979 - -9.95%
1978 - -7.32%
1977 - -3.32%
1976 - -1.27%
1975 - -4.05%
1974 - -4.12%
1973 - -3.28%
1972 - -2.17%
1971 - -1.67%
1970 - -2.64%
1969 - -2.03%
1968 - -2.37%
1967 - -1.41%
1966 - -0.33%
1965 - -0.17%
1964 - -0.1%
1963 - 0.41%
1962 - 0.7%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.67%
1959 - -2.53%
1958 - -2.31%
1957 - -2.1%
1956 - -1.21%
1955 - -1.72%
1954 - -1.52%
1953 - -2.47%
1952 - -0.16%
1951 - -0.9%
1950 - -1.64%
1949 - -0.74%
1948 - 0.29%
1947 - -1.08%
1946 - -0.61%
1945 - -8.04%
1944 - -8.66%
1943 - -10.7%
1942 - -11.8%
1941 - -13.1%
1940 - -8.16%
1939 - -1.13%
1938 - -0.07%
1937 - 0.46%
1936 - -0.64%
1935 - -2.19%
1934 - -1.88%
1933 - -4.1%
1932 - -1.56%
1931 - -0.05%
1930 - 0.09%
1929 - -0.39%
1928 - -0.06%
1927 - -1.14%
1926 - -1.11%
1925 - -1.44%
1924 - -0.99%
1923 - -1.65%
1922 - -3.17%
1921 - -3.55%
1920 - -0.6%
1919 - 0.17%
1918 - -8.59%
1917 - -0.26%
1916 - -0.23%
1915 - -0.94%
1914 - -0.55%
1913 - -0.17%
1912 - -0.51%
1911 - -0.87%
1910 - -0.81%
1909 - -2.08%
1908 - -2.27%
1907 - -0.68%
1906 - -0.66%
1905 - -0.34%
1904 - -0.56%
1903 - 0.08%
1902 - -1.57%
1901 - -1.34%
1900 - -0.32%
1899 - 0.57%
1898 - 0.91%
1897 - 1.09%
1896 - -0.59%
1895 - 1%
1894 - 0.47%
1893 - -0.49%
1892 - -0.68%
1891 - -0.6%
1890 - 0.33%
1889 - 0.19%
1888 - -0.05%
1887 - -1.5%
1886 - -0.98%
1885 - -0.08%
1884 - 0.24%
1883 - 0.16%
1882 - 0.36%
1881 - -0.17%
1880 - -0.47%
1879 - -1.89%
1878 - -2.04%
1877 - -1.21%
1876 - -1.07%
1875 - -1.26%
1874 - -1.05%
1873 - 0.06%
1872 - -0.15%
1871 - 0.22%
1870 - -0.42%
1869 - -1.52%
1868 - -1.67%
1867 - -1.17%
1866 - -3.01%
1865 - -2.02%
1864 - -2.3%
1863 - -1.58%
1862 - -1.35%
1861 - -1.11%
1860 - -2.03%
1859 - -2.17%
1858 - -2.36%
1857 - -0.62%
1856 - -0.08%
1855 - -0.09%
1854 - -0.19%
1853 - 0.17%
1852 - -0.31%
1851 - -0.07%
1850 - 0.004%
1849 - 0.09%
1848 - 0.12%
1847 - 0.08%
1846 - 0.13%
1845 - 0.04%
1844 - 0.009%
1843 - 0.05%
1842 - -0.12%
1841 - 0.06%
1840 - -0.01%
1839 - -0.006%
1838 - 0.09%
1837 - -0.38%
1836 - -0.08%
1835 - 0.08%
1834 - -0.12%
1833 - 0.09%
1832 - 0.01%
1831 - -0.1%
1830 - -0.45%
1829 - 2.7%
1828 - 0.03%
1827 - -0.16%
1826 - 0.37%
1825 - 0.18%
1824 - -0.23%
1823 - 0.37%
1822 - -0.03%
1821 - -0.49%
1820 - 0.26%
1819 - 0.09%
1818 - 0.35%
1817 - 0.35%
1816 - 0.16%
1815 - 2.34%
1814 - -0.45%
1813 - -0.37%
1812 - 3.47%
1811 - -0.48%
1810 - -3.05%
1809 - -7.65%
1808 - -5.04%
1807 - 0.1%
1806 - 0.55%
1805 - 0.52%
1804 - -0.25%
1803 - 11.6%
1802 - 2.17%
1801 - 0.01%
1800 - -0.44%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/slovakia/sweden | CC BY

In 2024, Slovakia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $7.43B, equivalent to 5.27% of GDP. This compares to Sweden's deficit of $10.4B, or 1.72% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, Slovakia recorded a fiscal deficit in 30 of those years, while Sweden ran a deficit in 16 years. On average, Slovakia posted an annual deficit equal to 4.59% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.22% of GDP for Sweden.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Slovakia

Sweden
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Slovakia Sweden
2024 2.76% 2.84%
2023 10.5% 8.55%
2022 12.8% 8.37%
2021 3.15% 2.16%
2020 1.94% 0.5%
2019 2.66% 1.78%
2018 2.51% 1.95%
2017 1.31% 1.79%
2016 -0.52% 0.98%
2015 -0.33% -0.05%
2014 -0.08% -0.18%
2013 1.4% -0.04%
2012 3.61% 0.89%
2011 3.92% 2.96%
2010 0.96% 1.16%
2009 1.62% -0.49%
2008 4.6% 3.44%
2007 2.76% 2.21%
2006 4.48% 1.36%
2005 2.71% 0.45%
2004 7.55% 0.37%
2003 8.55% 1.93%
2002 3.13% 2.16%
2001 7.33% 2.41%
2000 12% 0.9%
1999 10.6% 0.46%
1998 6.67% -0.27%
1997 6.14% 0.66%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/slovakia/sweden | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Slovakia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.45%, compared with 1.76% in Sweden. In 2024, inflation was 2.76% in Slovakia and 2.84% in Sweden.

Top exports between countries

Slovakia
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $1.28B
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $82.9M
Metals $81.6M
Textiles & consumer goods $80.4M
Raw materials & minerals $31.3M
Chemicals & pharma $31M
Manufacturing & construction services $22.7M
Business & finance services $22.5M
Transport & tourism services $22M
Miscellaneous $18.2M
Sweden
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $186M
Metals $108M
Chemicals & pharma $62.8M
Transport & tourism services $61.6M
Business & finance services $59.1M
Textiles & consumer goods $42.5M
IT & IP services $39.7M
Raw materials & minerals $26.6M
Wood & paper products $25.3M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $23.8M

Balance of trade

Slovakia Sweden
Current account balance
-$6.5B
2024
$35.8B
2024
Current account balance ranking
171/190
2024
17/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-4.61%
2024
+5.92%
2024
Goods imports
$107B
2024
$188B
2024
Goods exports
$106B
2024
$218B
2024
Service imports
$13.2B
2024
$126B
2024
Service exports
$13.9B
2024
$116B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
85.7%
2024
51.6%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
85.5%
2024
54.3%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Slovakia Sweden
Economic freedom 67.7 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 54/197 14/197
Property rights 82.6 96.2
Government integrity 57.2 91.6
Judicial effectiveness 70.5 95.6
Tax burden 75.4 51.6
Government spending 36.4 28.4
Fiscal health 69.6 97.5
Business freedom 71.1 84.8
Labor freedom 55.1 65.8
Monetary freedom 69.7 78.1
Trade freedom 79.4 79.4
Investment freedom 75 85
Financial freedom 70 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Slovakia
Sweden
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Slovakia Sweden
2026 67.7 77.8
2025 68.4 77.9
2024 68.1 77.5
2023 69 77.5
2022 69.7 77.9
2021 66.3 74.7
2020 66.8 74.9
2019 65 75.2
2018 65.3 76.3
2017 65.7 74.9
2016 66.6 72
2015 67.2 72.7
2014 66.4 73.1
2013 68.7 72.9
2012 67 71.7
2011 69.5 71.9
2010 69.7 72.4
2009 69.4 70.5
2008 70 70.8
2007 69.6 69.3
2006 69.8 70.9
2005 66.8 69.8
2004 64.6 70.1
2003 59 70
2002 59.8 70.8
2001 58.5 66.6
2000 53.8 65.1
1999 54.2 64.2
1998 57.5 64
1997 55.5 63.3
1996 57.6 61.8
1995 60.4 61.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/slovakia/sweden | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Slovakia is 67.7, ranking 54/197, compared to 77.8 for Sweden, ranking 14/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Slovakia Sweden
Services, % of GDP
60%
2024
66.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
28.9%
2024
21.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.58%
2024
1.42%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$128B
2024
$615B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$47,040
2024
$75,000
2024
Total reserves including gold
$14.5B
2024
$62.6B
2024
Total reserves ranking
68/177
2024
37/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$2.77B
2024
$2.08B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$5.01B
2024
$27B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$2.24B
2024
$29.6B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
13.7%
2021
16.1%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
20.1%
2024
25.4%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/slovakia/sweden | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.