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Economy of Japan vs Venezuela compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Japan has a GDP of $4.44T compared to $99.7B for Venezuela, ranking 4/197 and 78/197 by economy size, respectively.

Japan has $9.16T in government debt (206.5% of GDP), compared to $308B (309% of GDP) in Venezuela.

Japan vs Venezuela GDP by year

Japan
Venezuela
1x
Year GDP, current $
Japan Venezuela
2025 $4,435,162,999,977 $99,661,244,156
2024 $4,190,008,188,359 $120,566,112,397
2023 $4,384,854,269,962 $102,377,501,186
2022 $4,447,976,207,315 $89,013,251,021
2021 $5,225,933,520,753 $56,615,026,263
2020 $5,189,197,543,645 $42,837,965,907
2019 $5,245,755,000,479 $73,014,157,108
2018 $5,154,293,721,630 $101,987,075,929
2017 $5,038,231,631,661 $115,892,475,743
2016 $5,110,357,383,254 $112,948,035,495
2015 $4,534,438,580,495 $125,249,941,854
2014 $4,985,763,289,561 $214,838,755,022
2013 $5,272,297,037,397 $258,512,396,298
2012 $6,333,803,928,788 $371,846,610,182
2011 $6,279,422,550,219 $316,482,190,800
2010 $5,811,578,109,447 $393,192,354,511
2009 $5,336,765,697,589 $329,787,628,928
2008 $5,160,197,175,876 $315,953,388,511
2007 $4,624,670,179,655 $230,364,012,576
2006 $4,648,058,930,707 $183,477,522,124
2005 $4,875,648,486,366 $145,513,489,652
2004 $4,941,485,123,807 $112,451,400,425
2003 $4,573,413,206,709 $83,620,628,582
2002 $4,245,946,980,572 $92,893,587,734
2001 $4,438,792,748,062 $122,911,036,747
2000 $5,042,381,838,343 $117,146,466,003
1999 $4,688,983,449,627 $97,972,842,462
1998 $4,150,359,076,370 $91,336,763,255
1997 $4,579,780,793,432 $85,837,678,560
1996 $5,021,441,618,840 $70,543,211,119
1995 $5,639,649,753,986 $77,389,487,770
1994 $5,104,063,486,348 $58,418,666,667
1993 $4,632,480,515,091 $60,037,460,783
1992 $4,064,529,567,505 $60,416,519,620
1991 $3,724,887,648,862 $53,453,444,787
1990 $3,252,994,239,867 $48,606,952,195
1989 $3,174,934,735,896 $43,536,709,104
1988 $3,191,546,727,316 $60,226,413,793
1987 $2,635,094,473,494 $48,029,034,483
1986 $2,164,729,071,349 $60,516,123,711
1985 $1,457,070,301,468 $61,965,466,667
1984 $1,374,165,212,365 $59,867,743,468
1983 $1,297,622,008,229 $67,556,279,070
1982 $1,183,132,285,328 $67,736,744,186
1981 $1,271,443,597,067 $66,327,441,860
1980 $1,153,159,955,513 $59,116,511,628
1979 $1,100,608,979,757 $48,310,930,233
1978 $1,057,419,758,047 $39,316,279,070
1977 $752,590,681,822 $36,210,697,674
1976 $611,495,350,304 $31,419,534,884
1975 $544,082,569,364 $27,464,651,163
1974 $500,355,087,138 $26,100,930,233
1973 $450,756,970,744 $17,035,581,395
1972 $331,776,379,992 $13,977,727,273
1971 $250,530,994,765 $12,986,590,909
1970 $221,798,003,144 $11,561,111,111
1969 $188,179,852,753 $10,285,111,111
1968 $160,201,483,788 $10,034,444,444
1967 $135,265,319,098 $9,250,000,000
1966 $115,427,351,851 $8,781,333,333
1965 $99,387,878,008 $8,427,777,778
1964 $89,332,989,729 $8,192,413,793
1963 $75,945,582,324 $9,608,717,288
1962 $66,356,388,224 $8,814,309,884
1961 $58,472,696,006 $8,067,267,031
1960 $48,417,804,545 $7,663,938,303

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/venezuela | CC BY

GDP per capita in Japan vs Venezuela by year

Japan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Venezuela
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Japan Venezuela
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $35,951 - $3,495 -
2024 $33,797 $52,039 $4,244 -
2023 $35,215 $50,662 $3,617 -
2022 $35,548 $47,192 $3,155 -
2021 $41,581 $44,355 $2,005 -
2020 $41,099 $42,426 $1,506 -
2019 $41,425 $42,678 $2,523 -
2018 $40,645 $42,142 $3,422 -
2017 $39,680 $41,444 $3,792 -
2016 $40,215 $40,597 $3,671 -
2015 $35,665 $40,899 $4,097 -
2014 $39,173 $39,555 $7,101 -
2013 $41,369 $39,402 $8,642 -
2012 $49,627 $37,606 $12,582 -
2011 $49,122 $36,214 $10,844 $21,241
2010 $45,378 $35,336 $13,646 $20,236
2009 $41,678 $33,543 $11,597 $20,562
2008 $40,294 $35,274 $11,262 $21,402
2007 $36,130 $35,015 $8,332 $20,236
2006 $36,354 $33,632 $6,739 $18,399
2005 $38,159 $32,170 $5,432 $16,511
2004 $38,678 $30,832 $4,269 $14,757
2003 $35,809 $29,392 $3,230 $12,359
2002 $33,316 $28,624 $3,652 $13,375
2001 $34,910 $27,943 $4,920 $14,714
2000 $39,753 $27,288 $4,776 $14,174
1999 $37,029 $25,736 $4,071 $13,623
1998 $32,835 $25,508 $3,870 $14,568
1997 $36,331 $25,619 $3,711 $14,655
1996 $39,930 $24,999 $3,113 $13,824
1995 $44,947 $23,858 $3,487 $13,890
1994 $40,774 $22,823 $2,689 $13,370
1993 $37,111 $22,168 $2,825 $13,702
1992 $32,667 $21,825 $2,907 $13,652
1991 $30,048 $21,227 $2,633 $12,880
1990 $26,345 $19,912 $2,452 $11,628
1989 $25,798 - $2,250 -
1988 $26,037 - $3,191 -
1987 $21,587 - $2,611 -
1986 $17,819 - $3,376 -
1985 $12,058 - $3,549 -
1984 $11,443 - $3,520 -
1983 $10,876 - $4,079 -
1982 $9,986 - $4,202 -
1981 $10,806 - $4,228 -
1980 $9,872 - $3,874 -
1979 $9,497 - $3,257 -
1978 $9,202 - $2,727 -
1977 $6,609 - $2,585 -
1976 $5,422 - $2,309 -
1975 $4,876 - $2,078 -
1974 $4,542 - $2,034 -
1973 $4,147 - $1,367 -
1972 $3,095 - $1,155 -
1971 $2,370 - $1,106 -
1970 $2,145 - $1,015 -
1969 $1,841 - $932 -
1968 $1,586 - $938 -
1967 $1,354 - $893 -
1966 $1,168 - $876 -
1965 $1,015 - $869 -
1964 $922 - $874 -
1963 $792 - $1,060 -
1962 $699 - $1,007 -
1961 $622 - $954 -
1960 $519 - $939 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/venezuela | CC BY

Japan's GDP per capita is $35,951, ranking 34/197, compared to $3,495 in Venezuela, ranking 138/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Japan ranks 41st at $52,039, while Venezuela ranks 93rd at $21,241.

Economic indicators

Japan Venezuela
Gross domestic product
$4.44T
2025
$99.7B
2025
GDP rank
4/197
2025
78/197
2025
GDP growth
1.19%
2024-2025
1.57%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$35,951
2025
$3,495
2025
GDP per capita rank
34/197
2025
138/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$52,039
2024
$21,241
2011
GDP per capita PPP rank
41/197
2024
93/197
2011
Government debt
$9.16T
2025
$308B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
206.5%
2025
309%
2025
Government debt per person
$74,248
2025
$10,790
2025
Government debt per person rank
3/185
2025
58/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$22,962
2026
$2,659
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$7.61T
2025
$3.98B
2002
Number of millionaires
2,902,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
41
2026
1
2026
Income share by richest 10%
24.3%
2020
33.2%
2006
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2020
1.2%
2006
Government expenditure, % of GDP
36.9%
2025
20.3%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.17%
2024-2025
252%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
0.75%
2025
58.9%
2026
Unemployment rate
2.5%
2025
7.53%
2020
Population
122704252
28692435

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Japan
Spending

Debt
Venezuela
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Japan Venezuela
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 36.9% 206.5% 20.3% 309%
2024 37.3% 214.5% 17.5% 169.1%
2023 37.8% 220.3% 13.1% 138.5%
2022 40.2% 227.8% 15.1% 164.4%
2021 41.3% 222.7% 13.1% 254.2%
2020 43.6% 228.8% 11.2% 337%
2019 36.4% 206.3% 21% 206%
2018 36% 203.7% 37.9% 175.3%
2017 35.9% 203.1% 21.8% 133.6%
2016 36.5% 202.1% 19.7% 138.4%
2015 36.6% 200.1% 22.9% 129.8%
2014 37.8% 203.6% 31.6% 84.9%
2013 38.4% 201.2% 36.5% 85.4%
2012 38.4% 197.1% 38% 58.4%
2011 38.4% 190.6% 39.4% 52.5%
2010 37.4% 178.6% 31.1% 37.7%
2009 38.3% 172.9% 33.3% 27.6%
2008 33.7% 153.6% 34.9% 20.3%
2007 32.8% 150.4% 35.9% 26.4%
2006 32.7% 152.1% 39.3% 25.7%
2005 33.2% 153.4% 33.5% 34.9%
2004 33.3% 148.8% 31.9% 41.8%
2003 34.6% 140.2% 32.2% 56%
2002 34.9% 134.6% 31% 48.2%
2001 34.7% 126.8% 31.9% 30.7%
2000 35.4% 118.5% 28.3% 27.7%
1999 35.2% 113.5% 26.1% 29.6%
1998 38.1% 101.6% 28.8% 30.7%
1997 32.4% 91.3% 31% 34.8%
1996 33.1% 85.3% 27.7% 45.9%
1995 32.8% 80.7% 32.9% 45.9%
1994 32.1% 73.3% 42.2% 63.9%
1993 31.4% 63.2% 27.7% 57.7%
1992 29.6% 57.9% 30.6% 54.8%
1991 28.6% 54.1% 33.9% 62.2%
1990 28.8% 54.8% 31.9% 63.3%
1989 29.2% 65.7% 32.5% 61.8%
1988 29.9% 71.9% 33.2% 46.3%
1987 30.6% 75.8% 25.1% 58.3%
1986 30.4% 74.1% 21.5% 45.9%
1985 30.4% 68.3% 20.3% 34.1%
1984 31.2% 65.6% 19.7% 36.4%
1983 31.8% 63.5% 25.3% 21.4%
1982 31.7% 57.7% 29% 18.6%
1981 31.5% 52.8% 29.6% 18.9%
1980 33.5% 47.8% 22% 16.6%
1979 33.2% 43.8% 22.3% 19.2%
1978 32.1% 39% 29.2% 16.6%
1977 30.4% 31.1% 30.6% 12.7%
1976 29.1% 26.1% 26.6% 9.64%
1975 28.5% 20.9% 33.8% 8.31%
1974 25.5% 16.7% 35.3% 7.72%
1973 23.3% 15.9% 20% 9.78%
1972 23.1% 16.3% 21.3% 10.6%
1971 21.8% 12.6% 19.6% 9.64%
1970 20.2% 11.2% 19.5% 10.6%
1969 19.8% 11.4% 21% 9.91%
1968 20.1% 11.8% 19.8% 7.84%
1967 19.9% 11.4% 19.8% 6.74%
1966 20.8% 11.2% 19.1% 5.84%
1965 20.4% 9.78% 18.7% 5.46%
1964 19.8% 8.53% 17.9% 4.95%
1963 20% 8.66% 18.7% 6.3%
1962 19.4% 9.01% 17.6% 7.24%
1961 18.2% 8.44% 11.8% 8.79%
1960 18.4% 10.4% 23.7% 8.28%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1997, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/venezuela | CC BY

In 2025, Japan's government spending was $1.63T, accounting for 36.9% of its GDP, while Venezuela spent $20.2B, or 20.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 206.5% in Japan and 309% in Venezuela, ranking 3/185 and 1/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Japan

Venezuela
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Japan Venezuela
2025 -1.05% -5.84%
2024 -1.67% -3.67%
2023 -2.39% -1.25%
2022 -4.23% -5.29%
2021 -6.32% -5.85%
2020 -9.04% -6.63%
2019 -3.05% -10.9%
2018 -2.44% -31%
2017 -3.05% -13.3%
2016 -3.58% -8.46%
2015 -3.64% -8.06%
2014 -5.58% -9.81%
2013 -7.62% -10.4%
2012 -8.22% -9.86%
2011 -9.02% -8.24%
2010 -9.05% -4.74%
2009 -9.62% -8.69%
2008 -4.07% -3.46%
2007 -2.86% -2.82%
2006 -3% -1.6%
2005 -4.39% 4.09%
2004 -5.26% 2.47%
2003 -7.35% 0.17%
2002 -7.22% -1.48%
2001 -6.11% -4.59%
2000 -7.17% 4.45%
1999 -6.68% 0.74%
1998 -9.91% -4.49%
1997 -3.44% 2.58%
1996 -4.75% 7.94%
1995 -4.22% -5.86%
1994 -3.7% -11.2%
1993 -2.34% -2.92%
1992 0.56% -6.37%
1991 1.64% -2.28%
1990 1.91% 3.84%
1989 1.23% -0.91%
1988 0.49% -9.24%
1987 -0.36% -7.47%
1986 -1.36% 0.82%
1985 -1.37% 6.97%
1984 -2.62% 5.33%
1983 -3.95% 1.24%
1982 -3.81% -0.17%
1981 -3.85% 4.74%
1980 -4.66% 4.41%
1979 -5% -3.07%
1978 -5.79% -5.44%
1977 -4.02% -4.69%
1976 -3.89% 1.65%
1975 -2.92% 0.88%
1974 0.38% 2.76%
1973 0.56% 1.98%
1972 -0.13% 0.42%
1971 1.21% 0.78%
1970 1.74% -1.22%
1969 1.26% -2.17%
1968 0.88% -0.32%
1967 0.8% 0.51%
1966 -0.34% 0.23%
1965 0.48% 0.39%
1964 0.85% 1.91%
1963 1.08% 1.92%
1962 1.49% 2.14%
1961 2.58% -1.91%
1960 1.85% -4.08%
1959 0.97% -4.98%
1958 -0.1% -4.86%
1957 1.27% 6.7%
1956 1.39% 0.76%
1955 -0.67% 0.38%
1954 0.7% 1.84%
1953 1.65% 0.03%
1952 2.22% -0.5%
1951 5.06% -0.24%
1950 6.99% -0.23%
1949 12.5% 0.15%
1948 7.53% 1.27%
1947 6.09% 0.09%
1946 - -0.9%
1945 - 2.9%
1944 - 1.85%
1943 0.32% -0.27%
1942 -0.13% 0.2%
1941 -0.19% 0.01%
1940 0.31% -1.07%
1939 0.11% -0.78%
1938 0.45% 0.68%
1937 0.71% 0.73%
1936 0.34% -0.52%
1935 0.26% -2.23%
1934 0.34% 1.34%
1933 0.28% 1.03%
1932 0.31% 0.51%
1931 0.23% 1.02%
1930 0.19% -2.03%
1929 0.5% -0.34%
1928 0.42% -0.68%
1927 0.58% 1.55%
1926 0.65% 0.14%
1925 0.75% 0.54%
1924 0.84% 0.37%
1923 0.87% 1.32%
1922 0.89% 1.57%
1921 1.43% -0.97%
1920 1.19% -1.75%
1919 1.21% -
1918 1.58% -
1917 1.54% -
1916 1.37% -
1915 1.41% -
1914 1.31% -
1913 1.21% -
1912 1.27% -
1911 1.21% -
1910 1.57% -
1909 1.51% -
1908 1.63% -
1907 1.77% -
1906 0.46% -
1905 -0.68% -
1904 -0.81% -
1903 0.19% -
1902 0.44% -
1901 0.21% -
1900 0.53% -
1899 0.2% -
1898 0.6% -
1897 0.33% -
1896 0.88% -
1895 0.28% -
1894 -0.24% -
1893 0.6% -
1892 0.63% -
1891 0.61% -
1890 0.74% -
1889 0.18% -
1888 0.13% -
1887 0.11% -
1886 0.03% -
1885 0.01% -
1884 0.001% -
1883 0.03% -
1882 0.001% -
1881 0.001% -
1880 0.004% -
1879 0.02% -
1878 0.02% -
1877 -0.29% -
1876 -0.42% -
1875 0.005% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1875–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/venezuela | CC BY

In 2025, Japan's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $46.7B, equivalent to 1.05% of GDP. This compares to Venezuela's deficit of $5.82B, or 5.84% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Japan recorded a fiscal deficit in 48 of those years, while Venezuela ran a deficit in 40 years. On average, Japan posted an annual deficit equal to 2.96% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.64% of GDP for Venezuela.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Japan

Venezuela
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Japan Venezuela
2025 3.17% 252%
2024 2.74% 49.4%
2023 3.27% 338%
2022 2.5% 186.5%
2021 -0.23% 1,589%
2020 -0.02% 2,355%
2019 0.47% 19,906%
2018 0.99% 65,374%
2017 0.48% 438%
2016 -0.13% 254.9%
2015 0.8% 121.7%
2014 2.76% 62.2%
2013 0.34% 40.6%
2012 -0.04% 21.1%
2011 -0.27% 26.1%
2010 -0.73% 28.2%
2009 -1.35% 26%
2008 1.38% 31.4%
2007 0.06% 18.7%
2006 0.25% 13.7%
2005 -0.28% 16%
2004 -0.009% 21.7%
2003 -0.26% 31.1%
2002 -0.92% 22.4%
2001 -0.74% 12.5%
2000 -0.68% 16.2%
1999 -0.34% 23.6%
1998 0.66% 35.8%
1997 1.75% 50%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/venezuela | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Japan has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 0.54%, compared with 3,150% in Venezuela. In 2025, inflation was 3.17% in Japan and 252% in Venezuela.

Top exports between countries

Japan
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $87M
Miscellaneous $3.53M
Raw materials & minerals $3.32M
Chemicals & pharma $1.12M
Metals $924K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $346K
Textiles & consumer goods $130K
Wood & paper products $34K
Raw agricultural goods $9K
Precious metals & jewellery $4K
Venezuela
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $852K
Chemicals & pharma $169K
Machinery & equipment $43K
Metals $10K

Balance of trade

Japan Venezuela
Current account balance
$216B
2025
-$3.87B
2016
Current account balance ranking
3/190
2025
155/190
2016
Current account balance, % of GDP
+4.86%
2025
-3.43%
2016
Goods imports
$729B
2025
$16.3B
2016
Goods exports
$725B
2025
$27.4B
2016
Service imports
$269B
2025
$9.47B
2016
Service exports
$246B
2025
$1.28B
2016
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
22.9%
2024
10.1%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
22%
2024
14.9%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Japan Venezuela
Economic freedom 70.3 27.3
Economic freedom ranking 36/197 194/197
Property rights 94.2 0
Government integrity 81.1 6.9
Judicial effectiveness 97.9 5.1
Tax burden 63 73.4
Government spending 52 93
Fiscal health 41.7 29.1
Business freedom 77.8 31.1
Labor freedom 65.9 35.5
Monetary freedom 74.3 0
Trade freedom 76.2 43.2
Investment freedom 60 0
Financial freedom 60 10

Economic freedom comparison by year

Japan
Venezuela
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Japan Venezuela
2026 70.3 27.3
2025 70.2 27.6
2024 67.5 28.1
2023 69.3 25.8
2022 69.9 24.8
2021 74.1 24.7
2020 73.3 25.2
2019 72.1 25.9
2018 72.3 25.2
2017 69.6 27
2016 73.1 33.7
2015 73.3 34.3
2014 72.4 36.3
2013 71.8 36.1
2012 71.6 38.1
2011 72.8 37.6
2010 72.9 37.1
2009 72.8 39.9
2008 73 44.7
2007 72.7 47.9
2006 73.3 44.6
2005 67.3 45.2
2004 64.3 46.7
2003 67.6 54.8
2002 66.7 54.7
2001 70.9 54.6
2000 70.7 57.4
1999 69.1 56.1
1998 70.2 54
1997 70.3 52.8
1996 72.6 54.5
1995 75 59.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/venezuela | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Japan is 70.3, ranking 36/197, compared to 27.3 for Venezuela, ranking 194/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Japan Venezuela
Services, % of GDP
71.4%
2024
51.7%
2014
Industry, % of GDP
26.8%
2024
37.2%
2014
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.96%
2024
5.03%
2014
GNI, Atlas method
$4.73T
2025
$110B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$58,920
2025
$20,840
2011
Total reserves including gold
$1.37T
2025
$9.79B
2017
Total reserves ranking
3/177
2025
80/177
2017
Net foreign direct investment
$172B
2025
-$27M
2016
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$18.9B
2024
$1.63B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$207B
2024
$2.6B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
16.1%
2020
33.1%
2015
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
27.7%
2024
5.93%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/japan/venezuela | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1875–1997, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2013–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.