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Economy of South Korea vs Venezuela compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

South Korea has a GDP of $1.87T compared to $99.7B for Venezuela, ranking 13/197 and 78/197 by economy size, respectively.

South Korea has $978B in government debt (52.3% of GDP), compared to $308B (309% of GDP) in Venezuela.

South Korea vs Venezuela GDP by year

South Korea
Venezuela
1x
Year GDP, current $
South Korea Venezuela
2025 $1,872,374,961,553 $99,661,244,156
2024 $1,875,388,209,407 $120,566,112,397
2023 $1,844,800,934,392 $102,377,501,186
2022 $1,799,363,116,867 $89,013,251,021
2021 $1,942,313,560,966 $56,615,026,263
2020 $1,744,070,276,373 $42,837,965,907
2019 $1,751,045,752,055 $73,014,157,108
2018 $1,824,251,454,307 $101,987,075,929
2017 $1,710,196,756,713 $115,892,475,743
2016 $1,579,150,518,945 $112,948,035,495
2015 $1,539,212,301,136 $125,249,941,854
2014 $1,556,252,422,020 $214,838,755,022
2013 $1,434,669,686,502 $258,512,396,298
2012 $1,335,343,586,438 $371,846,610,182
2011 $1,307,103,477,219 $316,482,190,800
2010 $1,192,830,015,738 $393,192,354,511
2009 $983,065,242,417 $329,787,628,928
2008 $1,091,580,692,542 $315,953,388,511
2007 $1,220,911,904,593 $230,364,012,576
2006 $1,095,175,538,508 $183,477,522,124
2005 $971,740,329,984 $145,513,489,652
2004 $823,251,107,639 $112,451,400,425
2003 $728,516,494,684 $83,620,628,582
2002 $650,014,391,470 $92,893,587,734
2001 $567,564,806,235 $122,911,036,747
2000 $597,487,173,479 $117,146,466,003
1999 $515,697,079,289 $97,972,842,462
1998 $397,297,216,492 $91,336,763,255
1997 $589,202,526,424 $85,837,678,560
1996 $631,196,863,758 $70,543,211,119
1995 $586,286,469,401 $77,389,487,770
1994 $479,181,794,217 $58,418,666,667
1993 $405,705,302,846 $60,037,460,783
1992 $366,921,291,825 $60,416,519,620
1991 $340,851,946,804 $53,453,444,787
1990 $292,064,221,389 $48,606,952,195
1989 $254,236,243,100 $43,536,709,104
1988 $205,477,530,605 $60,226,413,793
1987 $152,240,393,646 $48,029,034,483
1986 $119,965,960,795 $60,516,123,711
1985 $103,764,281,281 $61,965,466,667
1984 $99,749,645,089 $59,867,743,468
1983 $89,621,208,322 $67,556,279,070
1982 $79,921,300,447 $67,736,744,186
1981 $74,287,368,087 $66,327,441,860
1980 $66,547,970,351 $59,116,511,628
1979 $68,083,884,298 $48,310,930,233
1978 $52,824,793,388 $39,316,279,070
1977 $39,064,462,810 $36,210,697,674
1976 $30,371,074,380 $31,419,534,884
1975 $22,126,033,058 $27,464,651,163
1974 $19,860,929,977 $26,100,930,233
1973 $14,067,523,813 $17,035,581,395
1972 $10,990,490,570 $13,977,727,273
1971 $10,005,257,131 $12,986,590,909
1970 $9,085,001,794 $11,561,111,111
1969 $7,743,940,189 $10,285,111,111
1968 $6,167,109,472 $10,034,444,444
1967 $4,895,076,718 $9,250,000,000
1966 $3,957,064,541 $8,781,333,333
1965 $3,141,131,708 $8,427,777,778
1964 $3,476,789,682 $8,192,413,793
1963 $4,007,692,308 $9,608,717,288
1962 $2,826,923,077 $8,814,309,884
1961 $2,427,244,761 $8,067,267,031
1960 $3,973,069,307 $7,663,938,303

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/south-korea/venezuela | CC BY

GDP per capita in South Korea vs Venezuela by year

South Korea
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Venezuela
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
South Korea Venezuela
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $36,227 - $3,495 -
2024 $36,239 $61,051 $4,244 -
2023 $35,674 $57,430 $3,617 -
2022 $34,822 $55,509 $3,155 -
2021 $37,518 $51,718 $2,005 -
2020 $33,646 $47,881 $1,506 -
2019 $33,827 $46,511 $2,523 -
2018 $35,364 $45,511 $3,422 -
2017 $33,297 $43,156 $3,792 -
2016 $30,832 $41,673 $3,671 -
2015 $30,172 $39,794 $4,097 -
2014 $30,667 $37,032 $7,101 -
2013 $28,449 $35,844 $8,642 -
2012 $26,601 $35,062 $12,582 -
2011 $26,175 $33,944 $10,844 $21,241
2010 $24,071 $33,120 $13,646 $20,236
2009 $19,937 $30,740 $11,597 $20,562
2008 $22,252 $31,211 $11,262 $21,402
2007 $25,078 $30,255 $8,332 $20,236
2006 $22,610 $27,972 $6,739 $18,399
2005 $20,167 $26,179 $5,432 $16,511
2004 $17,122 $24,658 $4,269 $14,757
2003 $15,212 $22,920 $3,230 $12,359
2002 $13,643 $22,173 $3,652 $13,375
2001 $11,981 $20,442 $4,920 $14,714
2000 $12,710 $19,237 $4,776 $14,174
1999 $11,063 $17,421 $4,071 $13,623
1998 $8,583 $15,500 $3,870 $14,568
1997 $12,822 $16,241 $3,711 $14,655
1996 $13,865 $15,164 $3,113 $13,824
1995 $13,002 $13,921 $3,487 $13,890
1994 $10,734 $12,551 $2,689 $13,370
1993 $9,180 $11,349 $2,825 $13,702
1992 $8,387 $10,468 $2,907 $13,652
1991 $7,873 $9,724 $2,633 $12,880
1990 $6,813 $8,567 $2,452 $11,628
1989 $5,989 - $2,250 -
1988 $4,889 - $3,191 -
1987 $3,658 - $2,611 -
1986 $2,911 - $3,376 -
1985 $2,543 - $3,549 -
1984 $2,469 - $3,520 -
1983 $2,246 - $4,079 -
1982 $2,032 - $4,202 -
1981 $1,918 - $4,228 -
1980 $1,746 - $3,874 -
1979 $1,814 - $3,257 -
1978 $1,429 - $2,727 -
1977 $1,073 - $2,585 -
1976 $847 - $2,309 -
1975 $627 - $2,078 -
1974 $572 - $2,034 -
1973 $412 - $1,367 -
1972 $328 - $1,155 -
1971 $304 - $1,106 -
1970 $281.8 - $1,015 -
1969 $245.5 - $932 -
1968 $200 - $938 -
1967 $162.5 - $893 -
1966 $134.4 - $876 -
1965 $109.4 - $869 -
1964 $124.2 - $874 -
1963 $147 - $1,060 -
1962 $106.6 - $1,007 -
1961 $94.2 - $954 -
1960 $158.8 - $939 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/south-korea/venezuela | CC BY

South Korea's GDP per capita is $36,227, ranking 33/197, compared to $3,495 in Venezuela, ranking 138/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), South Korea ranks 33rd at $61,051, while Venezuela ranks 93rd at $21,241.

Economic indicators

South Korea Venezuela
Gross domestic product
$1.87T
2025
$99.7B
2025
GDP rank
13/197
2025
78/197
2025
GDP growth
1.01%
2024-2025
1.57%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$36,227
2025
$3,495
2025
GDP per capita rank
33/197
2025
138/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$61,051
2024
$21,241
2011
GDP per capita PPP rank
33/197
2024
93/197
2011
Government debt
$978B
2025
$308B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
52.3%
2025
309%
2025
Government debt per person
$18,930
2025
$10,790
2025
Government debt per person rank
34/185
2025
58/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$25,661
2026
$2,659
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.76T
2025
$3.98B
2002
Number of millionaires
1,317,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
49
2026
1
2026
Income share by richest 10%
25%
2021
33.2%
2006
Income share by poorest 10%
2.9%
2021
1.2%
2006
Government expenditure, % of GDP
24%
2025
20.3%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.12%
2024-2025
252%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
2.5%
2025
58.9%
2026
Unemployment rate
2.79%
2025
7.53%
2020
Population
51624449
28692435

Spending and national debt comparison by year

South Korea
Spending

Debt
Venezuela
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
South Korea Venezuela
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 24% 52.3% 20.3% 309%
2024 22.5% 49.7% 17.5% 169.1%
2023 23.1% 50.5% 13.1% 138.5%
2022 26.7% 49.8% 15.1% 164.4%
2021 24.1% 48% 13.1% 254.2%
2020 23.7% 45.9% 11.2% 337%
2019 21.3% 39.7% 21% 206%
2018 19.3% 37.9% 37.9% 175.3%
2017 18.6% 38% 21.8% 133.6%
2016 18.5% 39.1% 19.7% 138.4%
2015 18.8% 38.8% 22.9% 129.8%
2014 18.8% 37.9% 31.6% 84.9%
2013 19% 36% 36.5% 85.4%
2012 18.8% 33.5% 38% 58.4%
2011 18.3% 31.7% 39.4% 52.5%
2010 17.9% 28.3% 31.1% 37.7%
2009 19.5% 28.8% 33.3% 27.6%
2008 19.1% 25.9% 34.9% 20.3%
2007 18.8% 26.3% 35.9% 26.4%
2006 18.7% 27% 39.3% 25.7%
2005 18.2% 24.9% 33.5% 34.9%
2004 18.5% 21.6% 31.9% 41.8%
2003 17.9% 19.1% 32.2% 56%
2002 15.9% 16.4% 31% 48.2%
2001 16.9% 16.6% 31.9% 30.7%
2000 16% 16.1% 28.3% 27.7%
1999 16.1% 15.8% 26.1% 29.6%
1998 16% 13.8% 28.8% 30.7%
1997 13.9% 9.69% 31% 34.8%
1996 14% 7.81% 27.7% 45.9%
1995 13.5% 8.48% 32.9% 45.9%
1994 15.4% 9.63% 42.2% 63.9%
1993 15.1% 10.9% 27.7% 57.7%
1992 15.5% 11.6% 30.6% 54.8%
1991 15.4% 11.9% 33.9% 62.2%
1990 15.2% 12.8% 31.9% 63.3%
1989 15% 12.4% 32.5% 61.8%
1988 13.9% 12.7% 33.2% 46.3%
1987 14.3% 15.3% 25.1% 58.3%
1986 14.9% 14.5% 21.5% 45.9%
1985 15.5% 16.2% 20.3% 34.1%
1984 15.6% 16.9% 19.7% 36.4%
1983 16% 19.3% 25.3% 21.4%
1982 17.8% 20.5% 29% 18.6%
1981 16.3% 18.8% 29.6% 18.9%
1980 16.8% 18.6% 22% 16.6%
1979 16.3% 15.7% 22.3% 19.2%
1978 15.7% 18.4% 29.2% 16.6%
1977 17.7% 20.1% 30.6% 12.7%
1976 17% 20.4% 26.6% 9.64%
1975 18.8% 21.5% 33.8% 8.31%
1974 16.1% 18.6% 35.3% 7.72%
1973 14.2% 17.9% 20% 9.78%
1972 18.5% 18.3% 21.3% 10.6%
1971 18.5% 14.5% 19.6% 9.64%
1970 17.5% 6.95% 19.5% 10.6%
1969 19.8% 2.63% 21% 9.91%
1968 18.5% 2.76% 19.8% 7.84%
1967 16.7% 3.74% 19.8% 6.74%
1966 16% 4.44% 19.1% 5.84%
1965 13.1% 6.14% 18.7% 5.46%
1964 12.1% 6.57% 17.9% 4.95%
1963 15.4% 9.21% 18.7% 6.3%
1962 22.3% 13% 17.6% 7.24%
1961 21.2% 13.4% 11.8% 8.79%
1960 17.9% 13.7% 23.7% 8.28%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1997, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/south-korea/venezuela | CC BY

In 2025, South Korea's government spending was $449B, accounting for 24% of its GDP, while Venezuela spent $20.2B, or 20.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 52.3% in South Korea and 309% in Venezuela, ranking 98/185 and 1/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
South Korea

Venezuela
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
South Korea Venezuela
2025 -1.43% -5.84%
2024 -0.78% -3.67%
2023 -0.67% -1.25%
2022 -1.49% -5.29%
2021 -0.02% -5.85%
2020 -2.11% -6.63%
2019 0.35% -10.9%
2018 2.42% -31%
2017 2.08% -13.3%
2016 1.56% -8.46%
2015 0.5% -8.06%
2014 0.57% -9.81%
2013 0.79% -10.4%
2012 1.63% -9.86%
2011 1.72% -8.24%
2010 1.61% -4.74%
2009 0.24% -8.69%
2008 1.58% -3.46%
2007 2.49% -2.82%
2006 1.18% -1.6%
2005 0.95% 4.09%
2004 0.09% 2.47%
2003 1.51% 0.17%
2002 3.23% -1.48%
2001 2.42% -4.59%
2000 3.91% 4.45%
1999 1.15% 0.74%
1998 1.09% -4.49%
1997 2.31% 2.58%
1996 2.3% 7.94%
1995 2.16% -5.86%
1994 2.06% -11.2%
1993 3.21% -2.92%
1992 2.42% -6.37%
1991 1.94% -2.28%
1990 2.98% 3.84%
1989 2.27% -0.91%
1988 2.85% -9.24%
1987 1.7% -7.47%
1986 0.8% 0.82%
1985 0.47% 6.97%
1984 0.78% 5.33%
1983 1.05% 1.24%
1982 -0.41% -0.17%
1981 0.99% 4.74%
1980 0.46% 4.41%
1979 0.47% -3.07%
1978 -0.27% -5.44%
1977 -1.81% -4.69%
1976 -0.87% 1.65%
1975 -3.68% 0.88%
1974 -2.78% 2.76%
1973 -1.72% 1.98%
1972 -4.33% 0.42%
1971 -1.3% 0.78%
1970 -0.52% -1.22%
1969 -2.85% -2.17%
1968 -2.36% -0.32%
1967 -2.87% 0.51%
1966 -4.27% 0.23%
1965 -3.43% 0.39%
1964 -4.1% 1.91%
1963 -4.32% 1.92%
1962 -7.82% 2.14%
1961 -9.48% -1.91%
1960 -5.18% -4.08%
1959 -6.52% -4.98%
1958 -10% -4.86%
1957 -10.1% 6.7%
1956 -10.8% 0.76%
1955 -10.6% 0.38%
1954 -10.3% 1.84%
1953 -4.14% 0.03%
1952 - -0.5%
1951 - -0.24%
1950 - -0.23%
1949 - 0.15%
1948 - 1.27%
1947 - 0.09%
1946 - -0.9%
1945 - 2.9%
1944 - 1.85%
1943 - -0.27%
1942 - 0.2%
1941 - 0.01%
1940 - -1.07%
1939 - -0.78%
1938 - 0.68%
1937 - 0.73%
1936 - -0.52%
1935 - -2.23%
1934 - 1.34%
1933 - 1.03%
1932 - 0.51%
1931 - 1.02%
1930 - -2.03%
1929 - -0.34%
1928 - -0.68%
1927 - 1.55%
1926 - 0.14%
1925 - 0.54%
1924 - 0.37%
1923 - 1.32%
1922 - 1.57%
1921 - -0.97%
1920 - -1.75%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1920–1994, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/south-korea/venezuela | CC BY

In 2025, South Korea's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $26.8B, equivalent to 1.43% of GDP. This compares to Venezuela's deficit of $5.82B, or 5.84% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, South Korea recorded a fiscal deficit in 26 of those years, while Venezuela ran a deficit in 40 years. On average, South Korea posted an annual deficit equal to 0.1% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.64% of GDP for Venezuela.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
South Korea

Venezuela
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
South Korea Venezuela
2025 2.12% 252%
2024 2.32% 49.4%
2023 3.6% 338%
2022 5.09% 186.5%
2021 2.5% 1,589%
2020 0.54% 2,355%
2019 0.38% 19,906%
2018 1.48% 65,374%
2017 1.94% 438%
2016 0.97% 254.9%
2015 0.71% 121.7%
2014 1.27% 62.2%
2013 1.3% 40.6%
2012 2.19% 21.1%
2011 4.03% 26.1%
2010 2.94% 28.2%
2009 2.76% 26%
2008 4.67% 31.4%
2007 2.53% 18.7%
2006 2.24% 13.7%
2005 2.75% 16%
2004 3.59% 21.7%
2003 3.51% 31.1%
2002 2.76% 22.4%
2001 4.07% 12.5%
2000 2.26% 16.2%
1999 0.81% 23.6%
1998 7.51% 35.8%
1997 4.44% 50%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/south-korea/venezuela | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, South Korea has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.67%, compared with 3,150% in Venezuela. In 2025, inflation was 2.12% in South Korea and 252% in Venezuela.

Top exports between countries

South Korea
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $29.5M
Chemicals & pharma $11.5M
Raw materials & minerals $2.39M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.62M
Metals $1.5M
Raw agricultural goods $1.25M
Textiles & consumer goods $584K
Wood & paper products $224K
Miscellaneous $9K
Venezuela
Export category Export value
Metals $45.3M
Machinery & equipment $95K
Chemicals & pharma $72K
Animal & marine products $6K

Balance of trade

South Korea Venezuela
Current account balance
$123B
2025
-$3.87B
2016
Current account balance ranking
4/190
2025
155/190
2016
Current account balance, % of GDP
+6.57%
2025
-3.43%
2016
Goods imports
$581B
2025
$16.3B
2016
Goods exports
$719B
2025
$27.4B
2016
Service imports
$185B
2025
$9.47B
2016
Service exports
$150B
2025
$1.28B
2016
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
40.6%
2025
10.1%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
45.8%
2025
14.9%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

South Korea Venezuela
Economic freedom 73.7 27.3
Economic freedom ranking 24/197 194/197
Property rights 89.6 0
Government integrity 70.9 6.9
Judicial effectiveness 77.5 5.1
Tax burden 61.5 73.4
Government spending 82.6 93
Fiscal health 93.5 29.1
Business freedom 81.5 31.1
Labor freedom 55 35.5
Monetary freedom 79.3 0
Trade freedom 73 43.2
Investment freedom 60 0
Financial freedom 60 10

Economic freedom comparison by year

South Korea
Venezuela
1x
Year Economic freedom index
South Korea Venezuela
2026 73.7 27.3
2025 74 27.6
2024 73.1 28.1
2023 73.7 25.8
2022 74.6 24.8
2021 74 24.7
2020 74 25.2
2019 72.3 25.9
2018 73.8 25.2
2017 74.3 27
2016 71.7 33.7
2015 71.5 34.3
2014 71.2 36.3
2013 70.3 36.1
2012 69.9 38.1
2011 69.8 37.6
2010 69.9 37.1
2009 68.1 39.9
2008 68.6 44.7
2007 67.8 47.9
2006 67.5 44.6
2005 66.4 45.2
2004 67.8 46.7
2003 68.3 54.8
2002 69.5 54.7
2001 69.1 54.6
2000 69.7 57.4
1999 69.7 56.1
1998 73.3 54
1997 69.8 52.8
1996 73 54.5
1995 72 59.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/south-korea/venezuela | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for South Korea is 73.7, ranking 24/197, compared to 27.3 for Venezuela, ranking 194/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

South Korea Venezuela
Services, % of GDP
57.2%
2025
51.7%
2014
Industry, % of GDP
34.3%
2025
37.2%
2014
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.46%
2025
5.03%
2014
GNI, Atlas method
$1.96T
2025
$110B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$64,210
2025
$20,840
2011
Total reserves including gold
$437B
2025
$9.79B
2017
Total reserves ranking
9/177
2025
80/177
2017
Net foreign direct investment
$25.4B
2025
-$27M
2016
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$12.9B
2024
$1.63B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$49.7B
2024
$2.6B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.4%
2020
33.1%
2015
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
29.1%
2025
5.93%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/south-korea/venezuela | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1920–1997, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.