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Economy of Brazil vs Venezuela compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Brazil has a GDP of $2.28T compared to $99.7B for Venezuela, ranking 11/197 and 78/197 by economy size, respectively.

Brazil has $2.13T in government debt (93.3% of GDP), compared to $308B (309% of GDP) in Venezuela.

Brazil vs Venezuela GDP by year

Brazil
Venezuela
1x
Year GDP, current $
Brazil Venezuela
2025 $2,279,920,092,492 $99,661,244,156
2024 $2,185,821,610,689 $120,566,112,397
2023 $2,191,131,765,685 $102,377,501,186
2022 $1,951,923,942,083 $89,013,251,021
2021 $1,670,647,398,905 $56,615,026,263
2020 $1,476,107,231,310 $42,837,965,907
2019 $1,873,288,205,060 $73,014,157,108
2018 $1,916,933,898,011 $101,987,075,929
2017 $2,063,514,977,366 $115,892,475,743
2016 $1,795,693,482,853 $112,948,035,495
2015 $1,802,212,206,815 $125,249,941,854
2014 $2,456,043,727,199 $214,838,755,022
2013 $2,472,819,535,557 $258,512,396,298
2012 $2,465,227,802,807 $371,846,610,182
2011 $2,616,156,223,918 $316,482,190,800
2010 $2,208,837,745,101 $393,192,354,511
2009 $1,666,996,438,581 $329,787,628,928
2008 $1,695,855,083,498 $315,953,388,511
2007 $1,397,114,486,369 $230,364,012,576
2006 $1,107,626,541,435 $183,477,522,124
2005 $891,633,839,894 $145,513,489,652
2004 $669,289,424,806 $112,451,400,425
2003 $558,233,745,652 $83,620,628,582
2002 $509,795,273,807 $92,893,587,734
2001 $559,983,634,799 $122,911,036,747
2000 $655,448,231,984 $117,146,466,003
1999 $599,642,024,320 $97,972,842,462
1998 $863,710,759,256 $91,336,763,255
1997 $883,206,179,730 $85,837,678,560
1996 $850,426,432,992 $70,543,211,119
1995 $769,333,050,987 $77,389,487,770
1994 $525,369,467,296 $58,418,666,667
1993 $368,292,034,381 $60,037,460,783
1992 $328,191,909,882 $60,416,519,620
1991 $342,534,090,909 $53,453,444,787
1990 $384,959,818,182 $48,606,952,195
1989 $412,990,820,287 $43,536,709,104
1988 $307,881,930,752 $60,226,413,793
1987 $283,056,836,894 $48,029,034,483
1986 $256,480,852,471 $60,516,123,711
1985 $210,879,844,639 $61,965,466,667
1984 $188,339,974,087 $59,867,743,468
1983 $189,656,506,321 $67,556,279,070
1982 $271,314,113,768 $67,736,744,186
1981 $258,015,174,749 $66,327,441,860
1980 $237,393,489,893 $59,116,511,628
1979 $221,338,204,480 $48,310,930,233
1978 $200,278,646,124 $39,316,279,070
1977 $176,344,101,402 $36,210,697,674
1976 $153,168,949,208 $31,419,534,884
1975 $129,203,555,239 $27,464,651,163
1974 $109,794,519,728 $26,100,930,233
1973 $83,592,275,863 $17,035,581,395
1972 $58,434,858,375 $13,977,727,273
1971 $48,869,830,902 $12,986,590,909
1970 $42,327,664,794 $11,561,111,111
1969 $37,171,640,819 $10,285,111,111
1968 $33,930,457,425 $10,034,444,444
1967 $31,086,389,195 $9,250,000,000
1966 $28,283,323,733 $8,781,333,333
1965 $22,465,522,884 $8,427,777,778
1964 $20,963,733,695 $8,192,413,793
1963 $23,287,712,878 $9,608,717,288
1962 $19,231,747,852 $8,814,309,884
1961 $17,275,940,449 $8,067,267,031
1960 $17,030,465,539 $7,663,938,303

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/venezuela | CC BY

GDP per capita in Brazil vs Venezuela by year

Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Venezuela
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Brazil Venezuela
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $10,713 - $3,495 -
2024 $10,311 $22,338 $4,244 -
2023 $10,378 $21,176 $3,617 -
2022 $9,281 $19,877 $3,155 -
2021 $7,973 $18,076 $2,005 -
2020 $7,074 $16,102 $1,506 -
2019 $9,030 $16,070 $2,523 -
2018 $9,301 $15,464 $3,422 -
2017 $10,081 $14,559 $3,792 -
2016 $8,836 $14,309 $3,671 -
2015 $8,936 $14,821 $4,097 -
2014 $12,275 $15,827 $7,101 -
2013 $12,459 $15,722 $8,642 -
2012 $12,522 $15,198 $12,582 -
2011 $13,397 $15,212 $10,844 $21,241
2010 $11,403 $14,452 $13,646 $20,236
2009 $8,679 $13,391 $11,597 $20,562
2008 $8,908 $13,445 $11,262 $21,402
2007 $7,410 $12,673 $8,332 $20,236
2006 $5,934 $11,751 $6,739 $18,399
2005 $4,828 $11,081 $5,432 $16,511
2004 $3,664 $10,526 $4,269 $14,757
2003 $3,091 $9,802 $3,230 $12,359
2002 $2,856 $9,617 $3,652 $13,375
2001 $3,176 $9,304 $4,920 $14,714
2000 $3,767 $9,092 $4,776 $14,174
1999 $3,494 $8,635 $4,071 $13,623
1998 $5,106 $8,599 $3,870 $14,568
1997 $5,299 $8,602 $3,711 $14,655
1996 $5,179 $8,301 $3,113 $13,824
1995 $4,757 $8,097 $3,487 $13,890
1994 $3,299 $7,727 $2,689 $13,370
1993 $2,349 $7,260 $2,825 $13,702
1992 $2,127 $6,869 $2,907 $13,652
1991 $2,258 $6,867 $2,633 $12,880
1990 $2,581 $6,688 $2,452 $11,628
1989 $2,819 - $2,250 -
1988 $2,141 - $3,191 -
1987 $2,006 - $2,611 -
1986 $1,854 - $3,376 -
1985 $1,556 - $3,549 -
1984 $1,420 - $3,520 -
1983 $1,461 - $4,079 -
1982 $2,138 - $4,202 -
1981 $2,080 - $4,228 -
1980 $1,959 - $3,874 -
1979 $1,870 - $3,257 -
1978 $1,733 - $2,727 -
1977 $1,562 - $2,585 -
1976 $1,390 - $2,309 -
1975 $1,201 - $2,078 -
1974 $1,045 - $2,034 -
1973 $815 - $1,367 -
1972 $583 - $1,155 -
1971 $500 - $1,106 -
1970 $444 - $1,015 -
1969 $399 - $932 -
1968 $374 - $938 -
1967 $351 - $893 -
1966 $328 - $876 -
1965 $268 - $869 -
1964 $257.3 - $874 -
1963 $294.2 - $1,060 -
1962 $250.2 - $1,007 -
1961 $231.6 - $954 -
1960 $235.3 - $939 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/venezuela | CC BY

Brazil's GDP per capita is $10,713, ranking 85/197, compared to $3,495 in Venezuela, ranking 138/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Brazil ranks 88th at $22,338, while Venezuela ranks 93rd at $21,241.

Economic indicators

Brazil Venezuela
Gross domestic product
$2.28T
2025
$99.7B
2025
GDP rank
11/197
2025
78/197
2025
GDP growth
2.29%
2024-2025
1.57%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$10,713
2025
$3,495
2025
GDP per capita rank
85/197
2025
138/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,338
2024
$21,241
2011
GDP per capita PPP rank
88/197
2024
93/197
2011
Government debt
$2.13T
2025
$308B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
93.3%
2025
309%
2025
Government debt per person
$9,999
2025
$10,790
2025
Government debt per person rank
60/185
2025
58/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,555
2026
$2,659
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$871B
2025
$3.98B
2002
Number of millionaires
386,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
70
2026
1
2026
Income share by richest 10%
39.3%
2024
33.2%
2006
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2024
1.2%
2006
Government expenditure, % of GDP
47.4%
2025
20.3%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
5%
2024-2025
252%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
14.5%
2026
58.9%
2026
Unemployment rate
5.83%
2025
7.53%
2020
Population
213964342
28692435

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Brazil
Spending

Debt
Venezuela
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Brazil Venezuela
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 47.4% 93.3% 20.3% 309%
2024 45.5% 87% 17.5% 169.1%
2023 45.3% 84% 13.1% 138.5%
2022 43.4% 83.9% 15.1% 164.4%
2021 40.4% 88.9% 13.1% 254.2%
2020 46.2% 96% 11.2% 337%
2019 43% 87.1% 21% 206%
2018 44.2% 84.8% 37.9% 175.3%
2017 44.3% 82.7% 21.8% 133.6%
2016 45.5% 77.4% 19.7% 138.4%
2015 46.2% 71.7% 22.9% 129.8%
2014 41.4% 61.6% 31.6% 84.9%
2013 39.8% 59.6% 36.5% 85.4%
2012 39.3% 61.6% 38% 58.4%
2011 39.4% 60.6% 39.4% 52.5%
2010 39.5% 62.4% 31.1% 37.7%
2009 40.5% 64.7% 33.3% 27.6%
2008 39.9% 61.4% 34.9% 20.3%
2007 40.4% 63% 35.9% 26.4%
2006 42.6% 64.6% 39.3% 25.7%
2005 41.9% 67% 33.5% 34.9%
2004 39.7% 68% 31.9% 41.8%
2003 41.3% 71.5% 32.2% 56%
2002 44.5% 76.1% 31% 48.2%
2001 39.8% 67.3% 31.9% 30.7%
2000 34.5% 62.2% 28.3% 27.7%
1999 39.6% 44.5% 26.1% 29.6%
1998 40.9% 38.9% 28.8% 30.7%
1997 38.6% 31.8% 31% 34.8%
1996 38.2% 30.7% 27.7% 45.9%
1995 - 28% 32.9% 45.9%
1994 - 30% 42.2% 63.9%
1993 - 32.6% 27.7% 57.7%
1992 - 37.1% 30.6% 54.8%
1991 - 38.1% 33.9% 62.2%
1990 - 40.6% 31.9% 63.3%
1989 - 40.2% 32.5% 61.8%
1988 - 46.9% 33.2% 46.3%
1987 - 50.3% 25.1% 58.3%
1986 11.7% 49.4% 21.5% 45.9%
1985 11.1% 52.6% 20.3% 34.1%
1984 10% 55.8% 19.7% 36.4%
1983 9.7% 51.5% 25.3% 21.4%
1982 8.1% 32.8% 29% 18.6%
1981 7.8% 34.6% 29.6% 18.9%
1980 6.8% 39.7% 22% 16.6%
1979 9% 36.6% 22.3% 19.2%
1978 10.2% 37% 29.2% 16.6%
1977 10.4% 31% 30.6% 12.7%
1976 10.6% 31.8% 26.6% 9.64%
1975 10.7% 27.7% 33.8% 8.31%
1974 10.5% 25.7% 35.3% 7.72%
1973 11% 22.4% 20% 9.78%
1972 12.6% 22.5% 21.3% 10.6%
1971 11.7% 17.9% 19.6% 9.64%
1970 11.4% 17% 19.5% 10.6%
1969 11.2% 16.5% 21% 9.91%
1968 14.4% 15.8% 19.8% 7.84%
1967 13.5% 13.8% 19.8% 6.74%
1966 14.6% 19.6% 19.1% 5.84%
1965 14% 17.6% 18.7% 5.46%
1964 25.4% 22.2% 17.9% 4.95%
1963 22.8% 20.4% 18.7% 6.3%
1962 23.1% 23.7% 17.6% 7.24%
1961 12% 25.7% 11.8% 8.79%
1960 13.7% 22.3% 23.7% 8.28%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/venezuela | CC BY

In 2025, Brazil's government spending was $1.08T, accounting for 47.4% of its GDP, while Venezuela spent $20.2B, or 20.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 93.3% in Brazil and 309% in Venezuela, ranking 29/185 and 1/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Brazil

Venezuela
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Brazil Venezuela
2025 -8.07% -5.84%
2024 -6.17% -3.67%
2023 -7.71% -1.25%
2022 -3.96% -5.29%
2021 -2.63% -5.85%
2020 -11.6% -6.63%
2019 -4.86% -10.9%
2018 -6.99% -31%
2017 -7.97% -13.3%
2016 -7.99% -8.46%
2015 -9.28% -8.06%
2014 -6.27% -9.81%
2013 -3.42% -10.4%
2012 -2.35% -9.86%
2011 -2.74% -8.24%
2010 -3.55% -4.74%
2009 -4.23% -8.69%
2008 -2.39% -3.46%
2007 -2.66% -2.82%
2006 -4.87% -1.6%
2005 -3.36% 4.09%
2004 -2.95% 2.47%
2003 -5.4% 0.17%
2002 -4.15% -1.48%
2001 -3.47% -4.59%
2000 -3.32% 4.45%
1999 -5.17% 0.74%
1998 -7.22% -4.49%
1997 -5.6% 2.58%
1996 -5.35% 7.94%
1995 - -5.86%
1994 - -11.2%
1993 - -2.92%
1992 - -6.37%
1991 - -2.28%
1990 - 3.84%
1989 - -0.91%
1988 - -9.24%
1987 - -7.47%
1986 -1.6% 0.82%
1985 -1.3% 6.97%
1984 -0.4% 5.33%
1983 0.1% 1.24%
1982 1.4% -0.17%
1981 1% 4.74%
1980 2.5% 4.41%
1979 0.4% -3.07%
1978 -0.1% -5.44%
1977 0.1% -4.69%
1976 0.1% 1.65%
1975 0% 0.88%
1974 0.6% 2.76%
1973 0.1% 1.98%
1972 -0.1% 0.42%
1971 -0.3% 0.78%
1970 -0.4% -1.22%
1969 -0.6% -2.17%
1968 -1.6% -0.32%
1967 -2.1% 0.51%
1966 -1.3% 0.23%
1965 -2% 0.39%
1964 -8.79% 1.91%
1963 -5.78% 1.92%
1962 -6.82% 2.14%
1961 -2.93% -1.91%
1960 -3.85% -4.08%
1959 -0.18% -4.98%
1958 -0.76% -4.86%
1957 -0.29% 6.7%
1956 -0.14% 0.76%
1955 -0.62% 0.38%
1954 -0.49% 1.84%
1953 -1.26% 0.03%
1952 0.64% -0.5%
1951 0.87% -0.24%
1950 -1.58% -0.23%
1949 -1.22% 0.15%
1948 0.002% 1.27%
1947 0.25% 0.09%
1946 -1.78% -0.9%
1945 -2.87% 2.9%
1944 -2.37% 1.85%
1943 -0.75% -0.27%
1942 -2.55% 0.2%
1941 -2.15% 0.01%
1940 -1.13% -1.07%
1939 -1.2% -0.78%
1938 -0.59% 0.68%
1937 -1.62% 0.73%
1936 -0.27% -0.52%
1935 -0.5% -2.23%
1934 -2.28% 1.34%
1933 -1.56% 1.03%
1932 -6.47% 0.51%
1931 -1.56% 1.02%
1930 -3.58% -2.03%
1929 -0.09% -0.34%
1928 0.57% -0.68%
1927 0.12% 1.55%
1926 -0.76% 0.14%
1925 -0.07% 0.54%
1924 -0.45% 0.37%
1923 -1.94% 1.32%
1922 -3.8% 1.57%
1921 -2.98% -0.97%
1920 -3.11% -1.75%
1919 -3.69% -
1918 -4.51% -
1917 -4.8% -
1916 -4.35% -
1915 -6.33% -
1914 -7.32% -
1913 -1.91% -
1912 -3.05% -
1911 -2.15% -
1910 -2.06% -
1909 -1.62% -
1908 -1.89% -
1907 0.38% -
1906 0.28% -
1905 0.96% -
1904 -0.62% -
1903 1.79% -
1902 1.59% -
1901 -2.46% -
1900 -5.57% -
1899 -2.13% -
1898 -14% -
1897 -2.38% -
1896 -0.79% -
1895 -1.33% -
1894 -4.11% -
1893 -1.77% -
1892 -2.6% -
1891 0.51% -
1890 -3.02% -
1889 -3.79% -
1888 0.63% -
1887 -0.76% -
1886 -3.8% -
1885 -5.71% -
1884 -3.89% -
1883 -3.33% -
1882 -1.58% -
1881 -1.9% -
1880 -4.84% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/venezuela | CC BY

In 2025, Brazil's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $184B, equivalent to 8.07% of GDP. This compares to Venezuela's deficit of $5.82B, or 5.84% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Brazil recorded a fiscal deficit in 47 of those years, while Venezuela ran a deficit in 40 years. On average, Brazil posted an annual deficit equal to 3.32% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.64% of GDP for Venezuela.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Brazil

Venezuela
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Brazil Venezuela
2025 5% 252%
2024 4.4% 49.4%
2023 4.6% 338%
2022 9.3% 186.5%
2021 8.3% 1,589%
2020 3.2% 2,355%
2019 3.7% 19,906%
2018 3.7% 65,374%
2017 3.4% 438%
2016 8.7% 254.9%
2015 9% 121.7%
2014 6.3% 62.2%
2013 6.2% 40.6%
2012 5.4% 21.1%
2011 6.6% 26.1%
2010 5% 28.2%
2009 4.9% 26%
2008 5.7% 31.4%
2007 3.6% 18.7%
2006 4.2% 13.7%
2005 6.9% 16%
2004 6.6% 21.7%
2003 14.7% 31.1%
2002 8.4% 22.4%
2001 6.8% 12.5%
2000 7% 16.2%
1999 4.9% 23.6%
1998 3.2% 35.8%
1997 6.9% 50%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/venezuela | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Brazil has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.09%, compared with 3,150% in Venezuela. In 2025, inflation was 5% in Brazil and 252% in Venezuela.

Top exports between countries

Brazil
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $340M
Raw agricultural goods $165M
Machinery & equipment $147M
Chemicals & pharma $66.6M
Wood & paper products $36.4M
Animal & marine products $27.1M
Metals $20.7M
Textiles & consumer goods $20.6M
Raw materials & minerals $14.8M
Weapons & explosives $846K
Venezuela
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $71.3M
Chemicals & pharma $61.5M
Metals $34.3M
Textiles & consumer goods $5.29M
Machinery & equipment $531K
Miscellaneous $9K
Animal & marine products $4K
Wood & paper products $1K

Balance of trade

Brazil Venezuela
Current account balance
-$66.7B
2025
-$3.87B
2016
Current account balance ranking
188/190
2025
155/190
2016
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.93%
2025
-3.43%
2016
Goods imports
$291B
2025
$16.3B
2016
Goods exports
$351B
2025
$27.4B
2016
Service imports
$105B
2025
$9.47B
2016
Service exports
$54.4B
2025
$1.28B
2016
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.5%
2025
10.1%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.8%
2025
14.9%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Brazil Venezuela
Economic freedom 52.4 27.3
Economic freedom ranking 148/197 194/197
Property rights 49.2 0
Government integrity 37.2 6.9
Judicial effectiveness 55.6 5.1
Tax burden 70.6 73.4
Government spending 39.8 93
Fiscal health 28 29.1
Business freedom 65.7 31.1
Labor freedom 57 35.5
Monetary freedom 76 0
Trade freedom 69 43.2
Investment freedom 40 0
Financial freedom 40 10

Economic freedom comparison by year

Brazil
Venezuela
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Brazil Venezuela
2026 52.4 27.3
2025 55.1 27.6
2024 53.2 28.1
2023 53.5 25.8
2022 53.3 24.8
2021 53.4 24.7
2020 53.7 25.2
2019 51.9 25.9
2018 51.4 25.2
2017 52.9 27
2016 56.5 33.7
2015 56.6 34.3
2014 56.9 36.3
2013 57.7 36.1
2012 57.9 38.1
2011 56.3 37.6
2010 55.6 37.1
2009 56.7 39.9
2008 56.2 44.7
2007 56.2 47.9
2006 60.9 44.6
2005 61.7 45.2
2004 62 46.7
2003 63.4 54.8
2002 61.5 54.7
2001 61.9 54.6
2000 61.1 57.4
1999 61.3 56.1
1998 52.3 54
1997 52.6 52.8
1996 48.1 54.5
1995 51.4 59.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/venezuela | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Brazil is 52.4, ranking 148/197, compared to 27.3 for Venezuela, ranking 194/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Brazil Venezuela
Services, % of GDP
59.7%
2025
51.7%
2014
Industry, % of GDP
20.1%
2025
37.2%
2014
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
6.09%
2025
5.03%
2014
GNI, Atlas method
$2.25T
2025
$110B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$22,670
2025
$20,840
2011
Total reserves including gold
$359B
2025
$9.79B
2017
Total reserves ranking
13/177
2025
80/177
2017
Net foreign direct investment
-$47.5B
2025
-$27M
2016
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$74.1B
2024
$1.63B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$26.3B
2024
$2.6B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.4%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
4.2%
2020
33.1%
2015
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17.1%
2025
5.93%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/venezuela | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2013–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.