San Marino has a GDP of $1.83B compared to $482B for Venezuela, ranking 181/197 and 33/197 by economy size, respectively.
San Marino has $1.31B in government debt (64.1% of GDP), compared to $410B (192.4% of GDP) in Venezuela.
The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.
| Year | GDP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
San Marino
|
Venezuela
|
|||
| Current $ | Constant $ | Current $ | Constant $ | |
| 1960 | - | - | $7,663,938,303 | - |
| 1961 | - | - | $8,067,267,031 | - |
| 1962 | - | - | $8,814,309,884 | - |
| 1963 | - | - | $9,608,717,288 | - |
| 1964 | - | - | $8,192,413,793 | - |
| 1965 | - | - | $8,427,777,778 | - |
| 1966 | - | - | $8,781,333,333 | - |
| 1967 | - | - | $9,250,000,000 | - |
| 1968 | - | - | $10,034,444,444 | - |
| 1969 | - | - | $10,285,111,111 | - |
| 1970 | - | - | $11,561,111,111 | - |
| 1971 | - | - | $12,986,590,909 | - |
| 1972 | - | - | $13,977,727,273 | - |
| 1973 | - | - | $17,035,581,395 | - |
| 1974 | - | - | $26,100,930,233 | - |
| 1975 | - | - | $27,464,651,163 | - |
| 1976 | - | - | $31,419,534,884 | - |
| 1977 | - | - | $36,210,697,674 | - |
| 1978 | - | - | $39,316,279,070 | - |
| 1979 | - | - | $48,310,930,233 | - |
| 1980 | - | - | $59,116,511,628 | - |
| 1981 | - | - | $66,327,441,860 | - |
| 1982 | - | - | $67,736,744,186 | - |
| 1983 | - | - | $67,556,279,070 | - |
| 1984 | - | - | $59,867,743,468 | - |
| 1985 | - | - | $61,965,466,667 | - |
| 1986 | - | - | $60,516,123,711 | - |
| 1987 | - | - | $48,029,034,483 | - |
| 1988 | - | - | $60,226,413,793 | - |
| 1989 | - | - | $43,536,709,104 | - |
| 1990 | - | - | $48,606,952,195 | - |
| 1991 | - | - | $53,453,444,787 | - |
| 1992 | - | - | $60,416,519,620 | - |
| 1993 | - | - | $60,037,460,783 | - |
| 1994 | - | - | $58,418,666,667 | - |
| 1995 | - | - | $77,389,487,770 | - |
| 1996 | - | - | $70,543,211,119 | - |
| 1997 | $976,606,694 | $1,248,966,330 | $85,837,678,560 | - |
| 1998 | $1,048,316,128 | $1,342,209,396 | $91,336,763,255 | - |
| 1999 | $1,109,473,368 | $1,463,670,758 | $97,972,842,462 | - |
| 2000 | $1,007,661,367 | $1,495,569,702 | $117,146,466,003 | - |
| 2001 | $1,059,529,812 | $1,578,997,708 | $122,911,036,747 | - |
| 2002 | $1,148,872,072 | $1,583,905,238 | $92,893,587,734 | - |
| 2003 | $1,462,590,267 | $1,645,249,360 | $83,620,628,582 | - |
| 2004 | $1,715,340,543 | $1,720,089,190 | $112,451,400,425 | - |
| 2005 | $1,786,514,058 | $1,761,803,193 | $145,513,489,652 | - |
| 2006 | $1,909,765,165 | $1,829,281,727 | $183,477,522,124 | - |
| 2007 | $2,188,654,628 | $1,959,331,267 | $230,364,012,576 | - |
| 2008 | $2,403,213,305 | $1,949,516,207 | $315,953,388,511 | - |
| 2009 | $2,064,277,126 | $1,748,307,486 | $329,787,628,928 | - |
| 2010 | $1,881,191,925 | $1,652,610,655 | $393,192,354,511 | - |
| 2011 | $1,813,717,439 | $1,515,199,821 | $316,482,190,800 | - |
| 2012 | $1,604,701,299 | $1,408,461,048 | $381,286,237,848 | - |
| 2013 | $1,678,741,475 | $1,397,419,106 | $371,005,379,787 | - |
| 2014 | $1,673,911,426 | $1,387,604,047 | $482,359,318,768 | - |
| 2015 | $1,419,401,071 | $1,419,401,071 | - | - |
| 2016 | $1,468,343,140 | $1,452,677,592 | - | - |
| 2017 | $1,528,620,346 | $1,456,429,357 | - | - |
| 2018 | $1,655,353,653 | $1,478,187,033 | - | - |
| 2019 | $1,616,232,125 | $1,508,721,723 | - | - |
| 2020 | $1,544,714,493 | $1,408,423,248 | - | - |
| 2021 | $1,855,396,000 | $1,604,162,946 | - | - |
| 2022 | $1,831,700,577 | $1,730,866,818 | - | - |
Economic indicators
|
San Marino
|
Venezuela
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$1.83B
2022 |
$482B
2014 |
| GDP rank |
181/197
2022 |
33/197
2014 |
| GDP growth |
-1.28%
2021-2022 |
30%
2013-2014 |
| GDP per capita |
$54,265
2022 |
$15,944
2014 |
| GDP per capita rank |
20/197
2022 |
66/197
2014 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$75,941
2022 |
$17,349
2011 |
| Government debt |
$1.31B
2022 |
$410B
2014 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
64.1%
2025 |
192.4%
2025 |
| Government debt per person |
$38,712
2022 |
$13,536
2014 |
| Government debt per person rank |
15/185
2022 |
44/185
2014 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$44,308
2025 |
$4,514
2025 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies | n/a |
$3.98B
2002 |
| Number of billionaires | n/a |
1
2025 |
| Income share by richest 10% | n/a |
33.2%
2006 |
| Income share by poorest 10% | n/a |
1.2%
2006 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
22.1%
2025 |
15.7%
2025 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
2%
2024-2025 |
269.9%
2024-2025 |
| Unemployment rate |
4.91%
2022 |
7.53%
2020 |
| Population |
33996
|
28610737
|
GDP per capita in San Marino vs Venezuela
San Marino's GDP per capita is $54,265, ranking 20/197, compared to $15,944 in Venezuela, ranking 66/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), San Marino ranks 17th at $75,941, while Venezuela ranks 106th at $17,349.
| Year | Current $ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
San Marino
|
Venezuela
|
|||
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 1960 | - | - | $939 | - |
| 1961 | - | - | $954 | - |
| 1962 | - | - | $1,007 | - |
| 1963 | - | - | $1,060 | - |
| 1964 | - | - | $874 | - |
| 1965 | - | - | $869 | - |
| 1966 | - | - | $876 | - |
| 1967 | - | - | $893 | - |
| 1968 | - | - | $938 | - |
| 1969 | - | - | $932 | - |
| 1970 | - | - | $1,015 | - |
| 1971 | - | - | $1,106 | - |
| 1972 | - | - | $1,155 | - |
| 1973 | - | - | $1,367 | - |
| 1974 | - | - | $2,034 | - |
| 1975 | - | - | $2,078 | - |
| 1976 | - | - | $2,309 | - |
| 1977 | - | - | $2,585 | - |
| 1978 | - | - | $2,727 | - |
| 1979 | - | - | $3,257 | - |
| 1980 | - | - | $3,874 | - |
| 1981 | - | - | $4,228 | - |
| 1982 | - | - | $4,202 | - |
| 1983 | - | - | $4,079 | - |
| 1984 | - | - | $3,520 | - |
| 1985 | - | - | $3,549 | - |
| 1986 | - | - | $3,376 | - |
| 1987 | - | - | $2,611 | - |
| 1988 | - | - | $3,191 | - |
| 1989 | - | - | $2,250 | - |
| 1990 | - | - | $2,452 | $9,497 |
| 1991 | - | - | $2,633 | $10,520 |
| 1992 | - | - | $2,907 | $11,151 |
| 1993 | - | - | $2,825 | $11,191 |
| 1994 | - | - | $2,689 | $10,920 |
| 1995 | - | - | $3,487 | $11,345 |
| 1996 | - | - | $3,113 | $11,291 |
| 1997 | $37,853 | $44,426 | $3,711 | $11,970 |
| 1998 | $40,127 | $47,679 | $3,870 | $11,898 |
| 1999 | $41,932 | $52,064 | $4,071 | $11,127 |
| 2000 | $37,601 | $53,713 | $4,776 | $11,577 |
| 2001 | $39,035 | $57,252 | $4,920 | $12,018 |
| 2002 | $41,791 | $57,584 | $3,652 | $10,924 |
| 2003 | $52,530 | $60,224 | $3,230 | $10,095 |
| 2004 | $58,232 | $61,114 | $4,269 | $12,053 |
| 2005 | $59,878 | $63,739 | $5,432 | $13,486 |
| 2006 | $63,271 | $67,434 | $6,739 | $15,028 |
| 2007 | $70,124 | $71,744 | $8,332 | $16,528 |
| 2008 | $75,902 | $71,724 | $11,262 | $17,480 |
| 2009 | $62,429 | $61,970 | $11,597 | $16,795 |
| 2010 | $56,543 | $58,926 | $13,646 | $16,528 |
| 2011 | $55,601 | $56,240 | $10,844 | $17,349 |
| 2012 | $47,946 | $51,274 | $12,901 | - |
| 2013 | $50,808 | $50,770 | $12,403 | - |
| 2014 | $51,260 | $52,909 | $15,944 | - |
| 2015 | $43,147 | $52,247 | - | - |
| 2016 | $44,359 | $53,033 | - | - |
| 2017 | $45,192 | $52,463 | - | - |
| 2018 | $47,951 | $54,461 | - | - |
| 2019 | $46,627 | $57,444 | - | - |
| 2020 | $44,427 | $55,207 | - | - |
| 2021 | $54,169 | $64,745 | - | - |
| 2022 | $54,265 | $75,941 | - | - |
Spending and national debt comparison
In 2022, San Marino's government spending was $397M, accounting for 22.1% of its GDP, while Venezuela's spent $152B, or 15.7% of GDP.
Debt-to-GDP ratio is 64.1% in San Marino and 192.4% in Venezuela, ranking 69/185 and 4/185, respectively.
| Year | % of GDP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
San Marino
|
Venezuela
|
|||
| Government spending | Government debt | Government spending | Government debt | |
| 1960 | - | - | 23.7% | 8.28% |
| 1961 | - | - | 11.8% | 8.79% |
| 1962 | - | - | 17.6% | 7.24% |
| 1963 | - | - | 18.7% | 6.3% |
| 1964 | - | - | 17.9% | 4.95% |
| 1965 | - | - | 18.7% | 5.46% |
| 1966 | - | - | 19.1% | 5.84% |
| 1967 | - | - | 19.8% | 6.74% |
| 1968 | - | - | 19.8% | 7.84% |
| 1969 | - | - | 21% | 9.91% |
| 1970 | - | - | 19.5% | 10.6% |
| 1971 | - | - | 19.6% | 9.64% |
| 1972 | - | - | 21.3% | 10.6% |
| 1973 | - | - | 20% | 9.78% |
| 1974 | - | - | 35.3% | 7.72% |
| 1975 | - | - | 33.8% | 8.31% |
| 1976 | - | - | 26.6% | 9.64% |
| 1977 | - | - | 30.6% | 12.7% |
| 1978 | - | - | 29.2% | 16.6% |
| 1979 | - | - | 22.3% | 19.2% |
| 1980 | - | - | 22% | 16.6% |
| 1981 | - | - | 29.6% | 18.9% |
| 1982 | - | - | 29% | 18.6% |
| 1983 | - | - | 25.3% | 21.4% |
| 1984 | - | - | 19.7% | 36.4% |
| 1985 | - | - | 20.3% | 34.1% |
| 1986 | - | - | 21.5% | 45.9% |
| 1987 | - | - | 25.1% | 58.3% |
| 1988 | - | - | 33.2% | 46.3% |
| 1989 | - | - | 32.5% | 61.8% |
| 1990 | - | - | 31.9% | 63.3% |
| 1991 | - | - | 33.9% | 62.2% |
| 1992 | - | - | 30.6% | 54.8% |
| 1993 | - | - | 27.7% | 57.7% |
| 1994 | - | - | 42.2% | 63.9% |
| 1995 | - | - | 32.9% | 45.9% |
| 1996 | - | - | 27.7% | 45.9% |
| 1997 | - | - | 31% | 34.8% |
| 1998 | - | - | 28.8% | 30.7% |
| 1999 | - | - | 26.1% | 29.6% |
| 2000 | - | - | 28.3% | 27.7% |
| 2001 | - | 11.6% | 31.9% | 30.7% |
| 2002 | - | 17.2% | 31% | 48.2% |
| 2003 | - | 16.1% | 32.2% | 56% |
| 2004 | 19% | 16.9% | 31.9% | 41.8% |
| 2005 | 19.3% | 14.5% | 33.5% | 34.9% |
| 2006 | 19.7% | 14.2% | 39.3% | 25.7% |
| 2007 | 20.7% | 12.6% | 35.9% | 26.4% |
| 2008 | 22% | 15.5% | 34.9% | 20.3% |
| 2009 | 24.8% | 20.1% | 33.3% | 27.6% |
| 2010 | 24.4% | 20% | 31.1% | 37.7% |
| 2011 | 25.4% | 16.6% | 39.4% | 52.5% |
| 2012 | 30.6% | 17.2% | 38% | 58.4% |
| 2013 | 30.2% | 23.2% | 36.5% | 85.4% |
| 2014 | 23.7% | 21% | 31.6% | 84.9% |
| 2015 | 26.3% | 19.3% | 22.9% | 129.8% |
| 2016 | 23.4% | 21.4% | 19.7% | 138.4% |
| 2017 | 25.6% | 56.6% | 21.8% | 133.6% |
| 2018 | 24.5% | 56.7% | 37.9% | 175.3% |
| 2019 | 22.4% | 56.2% | 21% | 206% |
| 2020 | 59.2% | 69.8% | 11.2% | 337% |
| 2021 | 37.1% | 77.2% | 13.1% | 254.2% |
| 2022 | 21.7% | 71.3% | 15.1% | 164.4% |
| 2023 | 21.9% | 69.9% | 13.2% | 138.5% |
| 2024 | 22.4% | 65.2% | 17.6% | 164.3% |
| 2025 | 22.1% | 64.1% | 15.7% | 192.4% |
Government deficit by year
In 2014, San Marino's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $17.8M, equivalent to 1.06% of GDP. This compares to Venezuela's deficit of -$47.3B, or -9.81% of GDP.
Over the past 11 years, San Marino recorded a fiscal deficit in 5 of those years, while Venezuela ran a deficit in 9 years. On average, San Marino posted an annual deficit equal to -1.18% of GDP, compared to deficit of -4.82% of GDP for Venezuela.
| Year | Deficit/surplus, % of GDP | |
|---|---|---|
|
San Marino
|
Venezuela
|
|
| 1920 | - | -1.75% |
| 1921 | - | -0.97% |
| 1922 | - | 1.57% |
| 1923 | - | 1.32% |
| 1924 | - | 0.37% |
| 1925 | - | 0.54% |
| 1926 | - | 0.14% |
| 1927 | - | 1.55% |
| 1928 | - | -0.68% |
| 1929 | - | -0.34% |
| 1930 | - | -2.03% |
| 1931 | - | 1.02% |
| 1932 | - | 0.51% |
| 1933 | - | 1.03% |
| 1934 | - | 1.34% |
| 1935 | - | -2.23% |
| 1936 | - | -0.52% |
| 1937 | - | 0.73% |
| 1938 | - | 0.68% |
| 1939 | - | -0.78% |
| 1940 | - | -1.07% |
| 1941 | - | 0.01% |
| 1942 | - | 0.2% |
| 1943 | - | -0.27% |
| 1944 | - | 1.85% |
| 1945 | - | 2.9% |
| 1946 | - | -0.9% |
| 1947 | - | 0.09% |
| 1948 | - | 1.27% |
| 1949 | - | 0.15% |
| 1950 | - | -0.23% |
| 1951 | - | -0.24% |
| 1952 | - | -0.5% |
| 1953 | - | 0.03% |
| 1954 | - | 1.84% |
| 1955 | - | 0.38% |
| 1956 | - | 0.76% |
| 1957 | - | 6.7% |
| 1958 | - | -4.86% |
| 1959 | - | -4.98% |
| 1960 | - | -4.08% |
| 1961 | - | -1.91% |
| 1962 | - | 2.14% |
| 1963 | - | 1.92% |
| 1964 | - | 1.91% |
| 1965 | - | 0.39% |
| 1966 | - | 0.23% |
| 1967 | - | 0.51% |
| 1968 | - | -0.32% |
| 1969 | - | -2.17% |
| 1970 | - | -1.22% |
| 1971 | - | 0.78% |
| 1972 | - | 0.42% |
| 1973 | - | 1.98% |
| 1974 | - | 2.76% |
| 1975 | - | 0.88% |
| 1976 | - | 1.65% |
| 1977 | - | -4.69% |
| 1978 | - | -5.44% |
| 1979 | - | -3.07% |
| 1980 | - | 4.41% |
| 1981 | - | 4.74% |
| 1982 | - | -0.17% |
| 1983 | - | 1.24% |
| 1984 | - | 5.33% |
| 1985 | - | 6.97% |
| 1986 | - | 0.82% |
| 1987 | - | -7.47% |
| 1988 | - | -9.24% |
| 1989 | - | -0.91% |
| 1990 | - | 3.84% |
| 1991 | - | -2.28% |
| 1992 | - | -6.37% |
| 1993 | - | -2.92% |
| 1994 | - | -11.2% |
| 1995 | - | -5.86% |
| 1996 | - | 7.94% |
| 1997 | - | 2.58% |
| 1998 | - | -4.49% |
| 1999 | - | 0.74% |
| 2000 | - | 4.45% |
| 2001 | - | -4.59% |
| 2002 | - | -1.48% |
| 2003 | - | 0.17% |
| 2004 | 2.44% | 2.47% |
| 2005 | 3.58% | 4.09% |
| 2006 | 1.51% | -1.6% |
| 2007 | 1.83% | -2.82% |
| 2008 | 0.18% | -3.46% |
| 2009 | -2.46% | -8.69% |
| 2010 | -2.24% | -4.74% |
| 2011 | -4.05% | -8.24% |
| 2012 | -7.08% | -9.86% |
| 2013 | -7.74% | -10.4% |
| 2014 | 1.06% | -9.81% |
| 2015 | -3.32% | -8.06% |
| 2016 | -0.19% | -8.46% |
| 2017 | -3.49% | -13.3% |
| 2018 | -1.56% | -31% |
| 2019 | -0.11% | -10.9% |
| 2020 | -37.6% | -6.63% |
| 2021 | -16.4% | -5.85% |
| 2022 | 0.42% | -5.29% |
| 2023 | -0.73% | -1.21% |
| 2024 | -1.85% | -3.58% |
| 2025 | -1.71% | -5.51% |
Inflation comparison by year
Over the past 23 years, San Marino has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.95%, compared with 3,966% in Venezuela. In 2025, inflation was 2% in San Marino and 269.9% in Venezuela.
| Year | Inflation | ||
|---|---|---|---|
|
San Marino
|
Venezuela
|
San Marino
|
Venezuela
|
| 1996 | - | 99.9% | |
| 1997 | - | 50% | |
| 1998 | - | 35.8% | |
| 1999 | - | 23.6% | |
| 2000 | - | 16.2% | |
| 2001 | - | 12.5% | |
| 2002 | - | 22.4% | |
| 2003 | 1.3% | 31.1% | |
| 2004 | 1.4% | 21.7% | |
| 2005 | 1.7% | 16% | |
| 2006 | 2.1% | 13.7% | |
| 2007 | 2.5% | 18.7% | |
| 2008 | 4.1% | 31.4% | |
| 2009 | 2.4% | 26% | |
| 2010 | 2.4% | 28.2% | |
| 2011 | 2.2% | 26.1% | |
| 2012 | 2.8% | 21.1% | |
| 2013 | 1.6% | 40.6% | |
| 2014 | 1.1% | 62.2% | |
| 2015 | 0.1% | 121.7% | |
| 2016 | 0.6% | 254.9% | |
| 2017 | 1% | 438% | |
| 2018 | 1.2% | 65,374% | |
| 2019 | 0.5% | 19,906% | |
| 2020 | -0.1% | 2,355% | |
| 2021 | 1.6% | 1,589% | |
| 2022 | 5.3% | 186.5% | |
| 2023 | 5.9% | 338% | |
| 2024 | 1.2% | 49% | |
| 2025 | 2% | 269.9% | |
Balance of trade
|
San Marino
|
Venezuela
|
|
|---|---|---|
Current account balance
|
$284M
2022 |
-$3.87B
2016 |
| Current account balance ranking |
61/189
2022 |
158/189
2016 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
+15.5%
2022 |
+1.02%
2014 |
| Goods imports |
$2.32B
2022 |
$16.3B
2016 |
| Goods exports |
$2.73B
2022 |
$27.4B
2016 |
| Service imports |
$849M
2022 |
$9.47B
2016 |
| Service exports |
$891M
2022 |
$1.28B
2016 |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP |
173%
2022 |
31.4%
2014 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
197.4%
2022 |
16.7%
2014 |
Economic freedom indices
The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.
|
San Marino
|
Venezuela
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 76 | 27.6 |
| Economic freedom ranking | 16/197 | 194/197 |
| Property rights | n/a | 0.7 |
| Government integrity | n/a | 6.7 |
| Judicial effectiveness | n/a | 4.1 |
| Tax burden | n/a | 75.9 |
| Government spending | n/a | 93.8 |
| Fiscal health | n/a | 29.1 |
| Business freedom | n/a | 32.5 |
| Labor freedom | n/a | 35.9 |
| Monetary freedom | n/a | 0 |
| Trade freedom | n/a | 42.2 |
| Investment freedom | n/a | 0 |
| Financial freedom | n/a | 10 |
More economic indicators
|
San Marino
|
Venezuela
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
55.1%
2022 |
51.7%
2014 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
37.6%
2022 |
37.2%
2014 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
0.01%
2022 |
5.03%
2014 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$1.82B
2022 |
$393B
2014 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$69,360
2022 |
$16,910
2011 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$759M
2024 |
$9.79B
2017 |
| Total reserves ranking |
147/177
2024 |
77/177
2017 |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
-$20.3M
2022 |
-$27M
2016 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
$85.9M
2022 |
$1.63B
2024 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
$65.6M
2022 |
$2.6B
2024 |
| Poverty at national poverty lines | n/a |
33.1%
2015 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
23%
2022 |
24.8%
2014 |
GDP per capita map
GDP per capita
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.