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Economy of Israel vs Venezuela compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Israel has a GDP of $611B compared to $99.7B for Venezuela, ranking 27/197 and 78/197 by economy size, respectively.

Israel has $418B in government debt (68.5% of GDP), compared to $308B (309% of GDP) in Venezuela.

Israel vs Venezuela GDP by year

Israel
Venezuela
1x
Year GDP, current $
Israel Venezuela
2025 $610,777,842,874 $99,661,244,156
2024 $542,284,494,491 $120,566,112,397
2023 $513,393,395,492 $102,377,501,186
2022 $525,157,951,213 $89,013,251,021
2021 $489,735,019,666 $56,615,026,263
2020 $410,908,899,711 $42,837,965,907
2019 $399,207,771,082 $73,014,157,108
2018 $375,470,422,244 $101,987,075,929
2017 $357,360,816,857 $115,892,475,743
2016 $321,083,954,798 $112,948,035,495
2015 $302,841,190,258 $125,249,941,854
2014 $314,376,760,832 $214,838,755,022
2013 $298,045,324,736 $258,512,396,298
2012 $263,172,104,091 $371,846,610,182
2011 $267,739,352,609 $316,482,190,800
2010 $239,372,857,534 $393,192,354,511
2009 $213,112,649,594 $329,787,628,928
2008 $220,952,472,408 $315,953,388,511
2007 $184,448,882,452 $230,364,012,576
2006 $158,706,516,002 $183,477,522,124
2005 $147,346,035,831 $145,513,489,652
2004 $139,925,423,025 $112,451,400,425
2003 $131,278,887,815 $83,620,628,582
2002 $125,215,963,105 $92,893,587,734
2001 $134,889,159,474 $122,911,036,747
2000 $136,409,902,632 $117,146,466,003
1999 $121,329,240,042 $97,972,842,462
1998 $120,468,659,246 $91,336,763,255
1997 $119,389,303,067 $85,837,678,560
1996 $115,051,957,577 $70,543,211,119
1995 $105,432,315,611 $77,389,487,770
1994 $90,684,108,118 $58,418,666,667
1993 $79,806,598,120 $60,037,460,783
1992 $79,408,652,426 $60,416,519,620
1991 $70,954,941,681 $53,453,444,787
1990 $61,978,459,022 $48,606,952,195
1989 $52,411,116,588 $43,536,709,104
1988 $52,618,458,014 $60,226,413,793
1987 $43,022,977,765 $48,029,034,483
1986 $35,812,041,620 $60,516,123,711
1985 $28,887,898,639 $61,965,466,667
1984 $30,626,695,891 $59,867,743,468
1983 $32,655,591,256 $67,556,279,070
1982 $29,237,231,967 $67,736,744,186
1981 $26,865,420,933 $66,327,441,860
1980 $25,379,585,067 $59,116,511,628
1979 $22,595,788,591 $48,310,930,233
1978 $17,690,363,444 $39,316,279,070
1977 $18,245,847,441 $36,210,697,674
1976 $15,946,502,888 $31,419,534,884
1975 $16,131,806,290 $27,464,651,163
1974 $17,162,009,924 $26,100,930,233
1973 $11,895,229,181 $17,035,581,395
1972 $9,216,866,299 $13,977,727,273
1971 $7,048,191,876 $12,986,590,909
1970 $7,402,142,195 $11,561,111,111
1969 $6,293,966,357 $10,285,111,111
1968 $5,455,059,532 $10,034,444,444
1967 $4,759,447,914 $9,250,000,000
1966 $4,700,397,692 $8,781,333,333
1965 $4,326,412,951 $8,427,777,778
1964 $4,021,861,430 $8,192,413,793
1963 $3,533,767,055 $9,608,717,288
1962 $2,964,323,618 $8,814,309,884
1961 $3,706,297,903 $8,067,267,031
1960 $3,068,690,949 $7,663,938,303

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/israel/venezuela | CC BY

GDP per capita in Israel vs Venezuela by year

Israel
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Venezuela
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Israel Venezuela
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $60,337 - $3,495 -
2024 $54,217 $57,236 $4,244 -
2023 $52,126 $55,171 $3,617 -
2022 $54,947 $53,619 $3,155 -
2021 $52,258 $46,162 $2,005 -
2020 $44,591 $40,955 $1,506 -
2019 $44,092 $41,325 $2,523 -
2018 $42,269 $40,190 $3,422 -
2017 $41,013 $39,471 $3,792 -
2016 $37,571 $38,189 $3,671 -
2015 $36,138 $35,871 $4,097 -
2014 $38,265 $34,816 $7,101 -
2013 $36,981 $34,827 $8,642 -
2012 $33,269 $32,484 $12,582 -
2011 $34,477 $31,314 $10,844 $21,241
2010 $31,399 $29,456 $13,646 $20,236
2009 $28,470 $28,087 $11,597 $20,562
2008 $30,231 $28,084 $11,262 $21,402
2007 $25,689 $28,307 $8,332 $20,236
2006 $22,500 $26,385 $6,739 $18,399
2005 $21,262 $25,701 $5,432 $16,511
2004 $20,550 $26,078 $4,269 $14,757
2003 $19,624 $24,702 $3,230 $12,359
2002 $19,059 $26,101 $3,652 $13,375
2001 $20,949 $25,806 $4,920 $14,714
2000 $21,690 $25,766 $4,776 $14,174
1999 $19,809 $23,415 $4,071 $13,623
1998 $20,176 $22,927 $3,870 $14,568
1997 $20,457 $22,279 $3,711 $14,655
1996 $20,213 $21,672 $3,113 $13,824
1995 $19,014 $20,642 $3,487 $13,890
1994 $16,796 $19,478 $2,689 $13,370
1993 $15,169 $18,218 $2,825 $13,702
1992 $15,500 $17,553 $2,907 $13,652
1991 $14,337 $16,486 $2,633 $12,880
1990 $13,300 $15,721 $2,452 $11,628
1989 $11,601 - $2,250 -
1988 $11,846 - $3,191 -
1987 $9,847 - $2,611 -
1986 $8,330 - $3,376 -
1985 $6,824 - $3,549 -
1984 $7,364 - $3,520 -
1983 $7,955 - $4,079 -
1982 $7,253 - $4,202 -
1981 $6,791 - $4,228 -
1980 $6,545 - $3,874 -
1979 $5,968 - $3,257 -
1978 $4,794 - $2,727 -
1977 $5,050 - $2,585 -
1976 $4,514 - $2,309 -
1975 $4,669 - $2,078 -
1974 $5,082 - $2,034 -
1973 $3,629 - $1,367 -
1972 $2,928 - $1,155 -
1971 $2,297 - $1,106 -
1970 $2,489 - $1,015 -
1969 $2,188 - $932 -
1968 $1,946 - $938 -
1967 $1,734 - $893 -
1966 $1,788 - $876 -
1965 $1,688 - $869 -
1964 $1,625 - $874 -
1963 $1,485 - $1,060 -
1962 $1,293 - $1,007 -
1961 $1,696 - $954 -
1960 $1,452 - $939 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/israel/venezuela | CC BY

Israel's GDP per capita is $60,337, ranking 19/197, compared to $3,495 in Venezuela, ranking 138/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Israel ranks 36th at $57,236, while Venezuela ranks 93rd at $21,241.

Economic indicators

Israel Venezuela
Gross domestic product
$611B
2025
$99.7B
2025
GDP rank
27/197
2025
78/197
2025
GDP growth
2.93%
2024-2025
1.57%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$60,337
2025
$3,495
2025
GDP per capita rank
19/197
2025
138/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$57,236
2024
$21,241
2011
GDP per capita PPP rank
36/197
2024
93/197
2011
Government debt
$418B
2025
$308B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
68.5%
2025
309%
2025
Government debt per person
$41,338
2025
$10,790
2025
Government debt per person rank
16/185
2025
58/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$48,251
2026
$2,659
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$331B
2024
$3.98B
2002
Number of millionaires
195,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
42
2026
1
2026
Income share by richest 10%
27%
2022
33.2%
2006
Income share by poorest 10%
1.8%
2022
1.2%
2006
Government expenditure, % of GDP
43.6%
2025
20.3%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.04%
2024-2025
252%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
3.75%
2026
58.9%
2026
Unemployment rate
3%
2025
7.53%
2020
Population
10334048
28692435

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Israel
Spending

Debt
Venezuela
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Israel Venezuela
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 43.6% 68.5% 20.3% 309%
2024 43.7% 67.7% 17.5% 169.1%
2023 39.6% 61.3% 13.1% 138.5%
2022 36.9% 60.3% 15.1% 164.4%
2021 40.1% 67.7% 13.1% 254.2%
2020 44.8% 71.1% 11.2% 337%
2019 38.7% 59.3% 21% 206%
2018 39.2% 60.1% 37.9% 175.3%
2017 38.4% 59.8% 21.8% 133.6%
2016 37.9% 61.7% 19.7% 138.4%
2015 37.6% 62.8% 22.9% 129.8%
2014 38.3% 65.8% 31.6% 84.9%
2013 39.7% 66% 36.5% 85.4%
2012 39.6% 66.9% 38% 58.4%
2011 39.3% 67.2% 39.4% 52.5%
2010 39.7% 69% 31.1% 37.7%
2009 41.4% 72.6% 33.3% 27.6%
2008 41.2% 70.2% 34.9% 20.3%
2007 40.2% 70.8% 35.9% 26.4%
2006 41.6% 77.7% 39.3% 25.7%
2005 42.3% 85.2% 33.5% 34.9%
2004 43% 88.3% 31.9% 41.8%
2003 45.4% 89.7% 32.2% 56%
2002 50% 87.2% 31% 48.2%
2001 46.1% 81.1% 31.9% 30.7%
2000 43.4% 77.2% 28.3% 27.7%
1999 53.6% 94.8% 26.1% 29.6%
1998 55% 101% 28.8% 30.7%
1997 52.6% 99.3% 31% 34.8%
1996 53.2% 100.3% 27.7% 45.9%
1995 52.8% 102.3% 32.9% 45.9%
1994 41.7% 110.2% 42.2% 63.9%
1993 42.2% 118.3% 27.7% 57.7%
1992 44.1% 119.6% 30.6% 54.8%
1991 34.4% 123.7% 33.9% 62.2%
1990 46.8% 138.3% 31.9% 63.3%
1989 47.5% 147.4% 32.5% 61.8%
1988 46.5% 145.4% 33.2% 46.3%
1987 52.8% 143.2% 25.1% 58.3%
1986 55.7% 162.5% 21.5% 45.9%
1985 65.2% 199% 20.3% 34.1%
1984 - 284% 19.7% 36.4%
1983 - 260.5% 25.3% 21.4%
1982 69.7% - 29% 18.6%
1981 71.8% - 29.6% 18.9%
1980 69.4% 154.3% 22% 16.6%
1979 70.1% 155.5% 22.3% 19.2%
1978 62.2% 133.6% 29.2% 16.6%
1977 69.1% 142% 30.6% 12.7%
1976 66.3% 97.4% 26.6% 9.64%
1975 62% 85.1% 33.8% 8.31%
1974 - 79.8% 35.3% 7.72%
1973 - 62.1% 20% 9.78%
1972 - 63.9% 21.3% 10.6%
1971 - - 19.6% 9.64%
1970 41.6% - 19.5% 10.6%
1969 41.1% - 21% 9.91%
1968 39.4% - 19.8% 7.84%
1967 33.9% - 19.8% 6.74%
1966 29.6% - 19.1% 5.84%
1965 27.8% - 18.7% 5.46%
1964 28.2% - 17.9% 4.95%
1963 26.9% - 18.7% 6.3%
1962 27.7% - 17.6% 7.24%
1961 30.3% - 11.8% 8.79%
1960 30.4% - 23.7% 8.28%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/israel/venezuela | CC BY

In 2025, Israel's government spending was $266B, accounting for 43.6% of its GDP, while Venezuela spent $20.2B, or 20.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 68.5% in Israel and 309% in Venezuela, ranking 60/185 and 1/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Israel

Venezuela
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Israel Venezuela
2025 -5.22% -5.84%
2024 -8.07% -3.67%
2023 -5.38% -1.25%
2022 0.3% -5.29%
2021 -3.37% -5.85%
2020 -10.6% -6.63%
2019 -3.79% -10.9%
2018 -3.58% -31%
2017 -1.17% -13.3%
2016 -1.78% -8.46%
2015 -1.2% -8.06%
2014 -2.28% -9.81%
2013 -4.07% -10.4%
2012 -4.46% -9.86%
2011 -3.43% -8.24%
2010 -3.72% -4.74%
2009 -6.53% -8.69%
2008 -3.49% -3.46%
2007 -0.43% -2.82%
2006 -0.94% -1.6%
2005 -2.74% 4.09%
2004 -3.4% 2.47%
2003 -5.03% 0.17%
2002 -8.21% -1.48%
2001 -4.06% -4.59%
2000 -0.8% 4.45%
1999 -6.26% 0.74%
1998 -7.99% -4.49%
1997 -4.84% 2.58%
1996 -5.97% 7.94%
1995 -4.28% -5.86%
1994 -5.62% -11.2%
1993 -5.62% -2.92%
1992 -8% -6.37%
1991 -7.04% -2.28%
1990 -9.67% 3.84%
1989 -9.03% -0.91%
1988 -7.57% -9.24%
1987 -7.47% -7.47%
1986 -7.51% 0.82%
1985 -14.2% 6.97%
1984 - 5.33%
1983 - 1.24%
1982 -13.8% -0.17%
1981 -23.5% 4.74%
1980 -19.6% 4.41%
1979 -16.7% -3.07%
1978 -14.7% -5.44%
1977 -20.3% -4.69%
1976 -19.4% 1.65%
1975 -19.6% 0.88%
1974 - 2.76%
1973 - 1.98%
1972 - 0.42%
1971 - 0.78%
1970 -16% -1.22%
1969 -15.3% -2.17%
1968 -11.7% -0.32%
1967 -7.68% 0.51%
1966 -4.35% 0.23%
1965 -2.72% 0.39%
1964 -3.65% 1.91%
1963 -4.41% 1.92%
1962 -4.09% 2.14%
1961 -5.86% -1.91%
1960 -6.62% -4.08%
1959 -7.23% -4.98%
1958 -8.31% -4.86%
1957 -7.17% 6.7%
1956 -9.3% 0.76%
1955 -4.3% 0.38%
1954 -7.84% 1.84%
1953 -8.32% 0.03%
1952 -7.19% -0.5%
1951 -8.13% -0.24%
1950 -10.7% -0.23%
1949 - 0.15%
1948 - 1.27%
1947 - 0.09%
1946 - -0.9%
1945 - 2.9%
1944 - 1.85%
1943 - -0.27%
1942 - 0.2%
1941 - 0.01%
1940 - -1.07%
1939 - -0.78%
1938 - 0.68%
1937 - 0.73%
1936 - -0.52%
1935 - -2.23%
1934 - 1.34%
1933 - 1.03%
1932 - 0.51%
1931 - 1.02%
1930 - -2.03%
1929 - -0.34%
1928 - -0.68%
1927 - 1.55%
1926 - 0.14%
1925 - 0.54%
1924 - 0.37%
1923 - 1.32%
1922 - 1.57%
1921 - -0.97%
1920 - -1.75%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1920–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/israel/venezuela | CC BY

In 2025, Israel's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $31.9B, equivalent to 5.22% of GDP. This compares to Venezuela's deficit of $5.82B, or 5.84% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Israel recorded a fiscal deficit in 59 of those years, while Venezuela ran a deficit in 40 years. On average, Israel posted an annual deficit equal to 7.31% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.64% of GDP for Venezuela.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Israel

Venezuela
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Israel Venezuela
2025 3.04% 252%
2024 3.07% 49.4%
2023 4.23% 338%
2022 4.41% 186.5%
2021 1.48% 1,589%
2020 -0.58% 2,355%
2019 0.82% 19,906%
2018 0.81% 65,374%
2017 0.25% 438%
2016 -0.54% 254.9%
2015 -0.62% 121.7%
2014 0.47% 62.2%
2013 1.59% 40.6%
2012 1.68% 21.1%
2011 3.49% 26.1%
2010 2.7% 28.2%
2009 3.37% 26%
2008 4.53% 31.4%
2007 0.47% 18.7%
2006 2.05% 13.7%
2005 1.34% 16%
2004 -0.42% 21.7%
2003 0.71% 31.1%
2002 5.8% 22.4%
2001 1.12% 12.5%
2000 1.03% 16.2%
1999 5.19% 23.6%
1998 5.49% 35.8%
1997 8.95% 50%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/israel/venezuela | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Israel has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.27%, compared with 3,150% in Venezuela. In 2025, inflation was 3.04% in Israel and 252% in Venezuela.

Top exports between countries

Israel
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $1.1M
Chemicals & pharma $525K
Machinery & equipment $417K
Textiles & consumer goods $413K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $123K
Wood & paper products $57K
Raw agricultural goods $49K
Miscellaneous $27K
Metals $13K
Precious metals & jewellery $13K
Venezuela
Export category Export value

Balance of trade

Israel Venezuela
Current account balance
$8.53B
2025
-$3.87B
2016
Current account balance ranking
26/190
2025
155/190
2016
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.4%
2025
-3.43%
2016
Goods imports
$102B
2025
$16.3B
2016
Goods exports
$76.2B
2025
$27.4B
2016
Service imports
$53.2B
2025
$9.47B
2016
Service exports
$92.4B
2025
$1.28B
2016
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
25.4%
2025
10.1%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
27.6%
2025
14.9%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Israel Venezuela
Economic freedom 68.4 27.3
Economic freedom ranking 47/197 194/197
Property rights 73.1 0
Government integrity 66.2 6.9
Judicial effectiveness 68.1 5.1
Tax burden 60.2 73.4
Government spending 52 93
Fiscal health 60.8 29.1
Business freedom 72.4 31.1
Labor freedom 56.8 35.5
Monetary freedom 78.2 0
Trade freedom 82.8 43.2
Investment freedom 70 0
Financial freedom 80 10

Economic freedom comparison by year

Israel
Venezuela
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Israel Venezuela
2026 68.4 27.3
2025 69.9 27.6
2024 70.1 28.1
2023 68.9 25.8
2022 68 24.8
2021 73.8 24.7
2020 74 25.2
2019 72.8 25.9
2018 72.2 25.2
2017 69.7 27
2016 70.7 33.7
2015 70.5 34.3
2014 68.4 36.3
2013 66.9 36.1
2012 67.8 38.1
2011 68.5 37.6
2010 67.7 37.1
2009 67.6 39.9
2008 66.3 44.7
2007 64.8 47.9
2006 64.4 44.6
2005 62.6 45.2
2004 61.4 46.7
2003 62.7 54.8
2002 66.9 54.7
2001 66.1 54.6
2000 65.5 57.4
1999 68.3 56.1
1998 68 54
1997 62.7 52.8
1996 62 54.5
1995 61.5 59.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/israel/venezuela | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Israel is 68.4, ranking 47/197, compared to 27.3 for Venezuela, ranking 194/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Israel Venezuela
Services, % of GDP
72.8%
2024
51.7%
2014
Industry, % of GDP
17.2%
2024
37.2%
2014
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.29%
2024
5.03%
2014
GNI, Atlas method
$569B
2025
$110B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$58,870
2025
$20,840
2011
Total reserves including gold
$229B
2025
$9.79B
2017
Total reserves ranking
18/177
2025
80/177
2017
Net foreign direct investment
-$11.8B
2025
-$27M
2016
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$14.8B
2024
$1.63B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$9.92B
2024
$2.6B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
22%
2020
33.1%
2015
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.3%
2025
5.93%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/israel/venezuela | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1920–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.