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Economy of Netherlands vs Venezuela compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

The Netherlands has a GDP of $1.33T compared to $99.7B for Venezuela, ranking 18/197 and 78/197 by economy size, respectively.

The Netherlands has $578B in government debt (43.3% of GDP), compared to $308B (309% of GDP) in Venezuela.

Netherlands vs Venezuela GDP by year

Netherlands
Venezuela
1x
Year GDP, current $
Netherlands Venezuela
2025 $1,332,767,651,100 $99,661,244,156
2024 $1,213,936,238,063 $120,566,112,397
2023 $1,135,475,867,551 $102,377,501,186
2022 $1,046,540,797,549 $89,013,251,021
2021 $1,054,472,123,450 $56,615,026,263
2020 $932,560,861,701 $42,837,965,907
2019 $928,903,005,576 $73,014,157,108
2018 $929,733,599,797 $101,987,075,929
2017 $848,233,537,846 $115,892,475,743
2016 $797,163,949,290 $112,948,035,495
2015 $775,743,675,303 $125,249,941,854
2014 $901,556,501,756 $214,838,755,022
2013 $883,951,539,007 $258,512,396,298
2012 $845,689,017,066 $371,846,610,182
2011 $913,140,741,333 $316,482,190,800
2010 $852,464,982,433 $393,192,354,511
2009 $878,954,223,140 $329,787,628,928
2008 $957,901,566,041 $315,953,388,511
2007 $853,499,460,873 $230,364,012,576
2006 $737,593,995,289 $183,477,522,124
2005 $688,133,699,636 $145,513,489,652
2004 $661,224,886,143 $112,451,400,425
2003 $582,435,617,082 $83,620,628,582
2002 $475,529,972,123 $92,893,587,734
2001 $432,536,219,669 $122,911,036,747
2000 $417,649,282,154 $117,146,466,003
1999 $447,778,514,140 $97,972,842,462
1998 $438,612,530,549 $91,336,763,255
1997 $417,506,211,882 $85,837,678,560
1996 $451,372,549,020 $70,543,211,119
1995 $452,967,334,614 $77,389,487,770
1994 $379,688,232,232 $58,418,666,667
1993 $354,070,495,966 $60,037,460,783
1992 $363,497,050,125 $60,416,519,620
1991 $327,982,316,124 $53,453,444,787
1990 $318,799,003,994 $48,606,952,195
1989 $258,716,904,292 $43,536,709,104
1988 $262,295,966,105 $60,226,413,793
1987 $245,406,949,521 $48,029,034,483
1986 $201,157,708,221 $60,516,123,711
1985 $144,057,523,222 $61,965,466,667
1984 $144,124,462,912 $59,867,743,468
1983 $153,671,294,109 $67,556,279,070
1982 $158,712,765,536 $67,736,744,186
1981 $164,375,775,854 $66,327,441,860
1980 $195,439,301,707 $59,116,511,628
1979 $179,933,827,310 $48,310,930,233
1978 $156,089,077,205 $39,316,279,070
1977 $127,203,923,857 $36,210,697,674
1976 $109,329,386,564 $31,419,534,884
1975 $100,397,061,694 $27,464,651,163
1974 $87,371,810,804 $26,100,930,233
1973 $71,946,639,603 $17,035,581,395
1972 $54,787,070,173 $13,977,727,273
1971 $44,644,730,576 $12,986,590,909
1970 $38,220,884,519 $11,561,111,111
1969 $34,086,038,090 $10,285,111,111
1968 $30,097,635,751 $10,034,444,444
1967 $27,143,828,099 $9,250,000,000
1966 $24,741,480,717 $8,781,333,333
1965 $22,721,869,808 $8,427,777,778
1964 $20,232,048,553 $8,192,413,793
1963 $17,193,744,109 $9,608,717,288
1962 $15,847,582,341 $8,814,309,884
1961 $14,599,836,396 $8,067,267,031
1960 $13,282,979,015 $7,663,938,303

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/netherlands/venezuela | CC BY

GDP per capita in Netherlands vs Venezuela by year

Netherlands
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Venezuela
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Netherlands Venezuela
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $73,684 - $3,495 -
2024 $67,465 $86,174 $4,244 -
2023 $63,516 $81,729 $3,617 -
2022 $59,123 $78,630 $3,155 -
2021 $60,142 $68,574 $2,005 -
2020 $53,468 $62,597 $1,506 -
2019 $53,555 $62,345 $2,523 -
2018 $53,955 $58,819 $3,422 -
2017 $49,514 $56,038 $3,792 -
2016 $46,809 $53,162 $3,671 -
2015 $45,794 $50,957 $4,097 -
2014 $53,457 $49,751 $7,101 -
2013 $52,602 $49,622 $8,642 -
2012 $50,474 $47,653 $12,582 -
2011 $54,702 $47,004 $10,844 $21,241
2010 $51,306 $45,301 $13,646 $20,236
2009 $53,172 $44,959 $11,597 $20,562
2008 $58,247 $46,714 $11,262 $21,402
2007 $52,101 $44,203 $8,332 $20,236
2006 $45,124 $41,208 $6,739 $18,399
2005 $42,165 $37,778 $5,432 $16,511
2004 $40,611 $35,961 $4,269 $14,757
2003 $35,897 $34,286 $3,230 $12,359
2002 $29,447 $34,568 $3,652 $13,375
2001 $26,956 $33,259 $4,920 $14,714
2000 $26,225 $31,895 $4,776 $14,174
1999 $28,319 $29,316 $4,071 $13,623
1998 $27,924 $27,749 $3,870 $14,568
1997 $26,745 $26,062 $3,711 $14,655
1996 $29,064 $24,564 $3,113 $13,824
1995 $29,301 $23,480 $3,487 $13,890
1994 $24,683 $22,414 $2,689 $13,370
1993 $23,156 $21,443 $2,825 $13,702
1992 $23,939 $20,831 $2,907 $13,652
1991 $21,764 $20,177 $2,633 $12,880
1990 $21,322 $19,203 $2,452 $11,628
1989 $17,423 - $2,250 -
1988 $17,771 - $3,191 -
1987 $16,734 - $2,611 -
1986 $13,804 - $3,376 -
1985 $9,941 - $3,549 -
1984 $9,992 - $3,520 -
1983 $10,696 - $4,079 -
1982 $11,089 - $4,202 -
1981 $11,537 - $4,228 -
1980 $13,812 - $3,874 -
1979 $12,817 - $3,257 -
1978 $11,196 - $2,727 -
1977 $9,180 - $2,585 -
1976 $7,937 - $2,309 -
1975 $7,346 - $2,078 -
1974 $6,450 - $2,034 -
1973 $5,353 - $1,367 -
1972 $4,110 - $1,155 -
1971 $3,384 - $1,106 -
1970 $2,931 - $1,015 -
1969 $2,647 - $932 -
1968 $2,364 - $938 -
1967 $2,155 - $893 -
1966 $1,986 - $876 -
1965 $1,848 - $869 -
1964 $1,668 - $874 -
1963 $1,437 - $1,060 -
1962 $1,342 - $1,007 -
1961 $1,254 - $954 -
1960 $1,156 - $939 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/netherlands/venezuela | CC BY

The Netherlands' GDP per capita is $73,684, ranking 12/197, compared to $3,495 in Venezuela, ranking 138/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the Netherlands ranks 11th at $86,174, while Venezuela ranks 93rd at $21,241.

Economic indicators

Netherlands Venezuela
Gross domestic product
$1.33T
2025
$99.7B
2025
GDP rank
18/197
2025
78/197
2025
GDP growth
1.78%
2024-2025
1.57%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$73,684
2025
$3,495
2025
GDP per capita rank
12/197
2025
138/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$86,174
2024
$21,241
2011
GDP per capita PPP rank
11/197
2024
93/197
2011
Government debt
$578B
2025
$308B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
43.3%
2025
309%
2025
Government debt per person
$31,942
2025
$10,790
2025
Government debt per person rank
23/185
2025
58/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$46,674
2026
$2,659
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$1.1T
2017
$3.98B
2002
Number of millionaires
1,294,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
13
2026
1
2026
Income share by richest 10%
21.4%
2021
33.2%
2006
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2021
1.2%
2006
Government expenditure, % of GDP
45.1%
2025
20.3%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.26%
2024-2025
252%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
58.9%
2026
Unemployment rate
3.9%
2025
7.53%
2020
Population
18243998
28692435

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Netherlands
Spending

Debt
Venezuela
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Netherlands Venezuela
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 45.1% 43.3% 20.3% 309%
2024 44.4% 43.7% 17.5% 169.1%
2023 44% 45.8% 13.1% 138.5%
2022 43.3% 48.4% 15.1% 164.4%
2021 45.9% 50.5% 13.1% 254.2%
2020 47.8% 53.4% 11.2% 337%
2019 42.1% 47.7% 21% 206%
2018 42.4% 51.6% 37.9% 175.3%
2017 42.8% 56% 21.8% 133.6%
2016 43.9% 60.9% 19.7% 138.4%
2015 45.3% 63.8% 22.9% 129.8%
2014 46.7% 67.2% 31.6% 84.9%
2013 47.5% 67.2% 36.5% 85.4%
2012 47.6% 65.7% 38% 58.4%
2011 47.8% 61.2% 39.4% 52.5%
2010 48.9% 58.9% 31.1% 37.7%
2009 48.4% 56.3% 33.3% 27.6%
2008 44.3% 54.4% 34.9% 20.3%
2007 43.3% 42.7% 35.9% 26.4%
2006 44% 45% 39.3% 25.7%
2005 43.4% 49.6% 33.5% 34.9%
2004 44.7% 50.1% 31.9% 41.8%
2003 45.8% 49.8% 32.2% 56%
2002 44.8% 48.7% 31% 48.2%
2001 44.1% 49.4% 31.9% 30.7%
2000 43.2% 52.2% 28.3% 27.7%
1999 44.3% 58.6% 26.1% 29.6%
1998 44.6% 62.7% 28.8% 30.7%
1997 45.7% 65.7% 31% 34.8%
1996 47.3% 71.2% 27.7% 45.9%
1995 53.9% 73% 32.9% 45.9%
1994 49.4% 73.5% 42.2% 63.9%
1993 50.9% 76.7% 27.7% 57.7%
1992 50.2% 75.6% 30.6% 54.8%
1991 49.6% 74.8% 33.9% 62.2%
1990 48.8% 75% 31.9% 63.3%
1989 54.5% 73.7% 32.5% 61.8%
1988 56.4% 73.7% 33.2% 46.3%
1987 58.5% 71.3% 25.1% 58.3%
1986 57% 68.9% 21.5% 45.9%
1985 57.3% 67.1% 20.3% 34.1%
1984 58.1% 61.9% 19.7% 36.4%
1983 59.1% 58.4% 25.3% 21.4%
1982 59.1% 52.4% 29% 18.6%
1981 56.8% 46.9% 29.6% 18.9%
1980 55.2% 43.6% 22% 16.6%
1979 53.7% 39.5% 22.3% 19.2%
1978 52.3% 38.1% 29.2% 16.6%
1977 50.6% 34.9% 30.6% 12.7%
1976 50.8% 35.2% 26.6% 9.64%
1975 50.8% 36.1% 33.8% 8.31%
1974 46.4% 36.3% 35.3% 7.72%
1973 44.6% 38.1% 20% 9.78%
1972 44.9% 41.3% 21.3% 10.6%
1971 44.6% 43.7% 19.6% 9.64%
1970 43.2% 46.1% 19.5% 10.6%
1969 42.1% 48.2% 21% 9.91%
1968 25.4% 54.4% 19.8% 7.84%
1967 24.1% 55% 19.8% 6.74%
1966 24.4% 55.6% 19.1% 5.84%
1965 23.4% 55.8% 18.7% 5.46%
1964 22.3% 57.1% 17.9% 4.95%
1963 21.9% 61.7% 18.7% 6.3%
1962 22.1% 63.8% 17.6% 7.24%
1961 22.2% 65.9% 11.8% 8.79%
1960 20.4% 66.7% 23.7% 8.28%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1997, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/netherlands/venezuela | CC BY

In 2025, the Netherlands' government spending was $602B, accounting for 45.1% of its GDP, while Venezuela spent $20.2B, or 20.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 43.3% in the Netherlands and 309% in Venezuela, ranking 121/185 and 1/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Netherlands

Venezuela
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Netherlands Venezuela
2025 -1.84% -5.84%
2024 -0.94% -3.67%
2023 -0.37% -1.25%
2022 0.002% -5.29%
2021 -2.26% -5.85%
2020 -3.72% -6.63%
2019 1.91% -10.9%
2018 1.49% -31%
2017 1.35% -13.3%
2016 0.23% -8.46%
2015 -1.84% -8.06%
2014 -2.17% -9.81%
2013 -2.87% -10.4%
2012 -3.83% -9.86%
2011 -4.42% -8.24%
2010 -5.3% -4.74%
2009 -5.06% -8.69%
2008 -0.06% -3.46%
2007 -0.16% -2.82%
2006 0.04% -1.6%
2005 -0.51% 4.09%
2004 -1.82% 2.47%
2003 -3.19% 0.17%
2002 -2.23% -1.48%
2001 -0.47% -4.59%
2000 1.14% 4.45%
1999 0.28% 0.74%
1998 -1.34% -4.49%
1997 -1.6% 2.58%
1996 -1.91% 7.94%
1995 -8.72% -5.86%
1994 -3.53% -11.2%
1993 -3.13% -2.92%
1992 -3.12% -6.37%
1991 -2.05% -2.28%
1990 -4.08% 3.84%
1989 -5% -0.91%
1988 -4.23% -9.24%
1987 -5.39% -7.47%
1986 -4.62% 0.82%
1985 -3.6% 6.97%
1984 -5.25% 5.33%
1983 -5.47% 1.24%
1982 -6.17% -0.17%
1981 -4.92% 4.74%
1980 -3.95% 4.41%
1979 -2.46% -3.07%
1978 -2.09% -5.44%
1977 -0.75% -4.69%
1976 -2.02% 1.65%
1975 -2.82% 0.88%
1974 -0.26% 2.76%
1973 0.54% 1.98%
1972 -0.7% 0.42%
1971 -1.58% 0.78%
1970 -1.52% -1.22%
1969 -1.14% -2.17%
1968 -3.06% -0.32%
1967 -1.97% 0.51%
1966 -2.37% 0.23%
1965 -1.15% 0.39%
1964 -1.2% 1.91%
1963 -0.54% 1.92%
1962 -1.38% 2.14%
1961 -0.38% -1.91%
1960 0.9% -4.08%
1959 -0.74% -4.98%
1958 -0.89% -4.86%
1957 0.3% 6.7%
1956 -0.83% 0.76%
1955 -0.25% 0.38%
1954 0.76% 1.84%
1953 -2.95% 0.03%
1952 2.19% -0.5%
1951 2.13% -0.24%
1950 0.81% -0.23%
1949 2.3% 0.15%
1948 - 1.27%
1947 - 0.09%
1946 - -0.9%
1945 - 2.9%
1944 - 1.85%
1943 - -0.27%
1942 - 0.2%
1941 - 0.01%
1940 - -1.07%
1939 -3.19% -0.78%
1938 -0.37% 0.68%
1937 0.02% 0.73%
1936 -0.41% -0.52%
1935 -0.69% -2.23%
1934 -0.92% 1.34%
1933 -2.55% 1.03%
1932 -1.97% 0.51%
1931 -1.66% 1.02%
1930 -0.55% -2.03%
1929 -1.16% -0.34%
1928 -0.62% -0.68%
1927 -0.33% 1.55%
1926 -0.78% 0.14%
1925 -2.04% 0.54%
1924 -3.37% 0.37%
1923 -2.62% 1.32%
1922 - 1.57%
1921 - -0.97%
1920 - -1.75%
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 -0.45% -
1912 -0.47% -
1911 -0.13% -
1910 -0.93% -
1909 -0.34% -
1908 -0.57% -
1907 0.03% -
1906 0.16% -
1905 0.1% -
1904 -0.72% -
1903 0.09% -
1902 -0.14% -
1901 0.03% -
1900 0.06% -
1899 -0.13% -
1898 -0.48% -
1897 -0.45% -
1896 0.08% -
1895 -0.06% -
1894 0.12% -
1893 -0.76% -
1892 -1.72% -
1891 -0.06% -
1890 -0.06% -
1889 0.04% -
1888 -0.31% -
1887 -0.37% -
1886 -0.08% -
1885 -0.55% -
1884 0% -
1883 -2.1% -
1882 -1.11% -
1881 -1.06% -
1880 0.21% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/netherlands/venezuela | CC BY

In 2025, the Netherlands' government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $24.5B, equivalent to 1.84% of GDP. This compares to Venezuela's deficit of $5.82B, or 5.84% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, the Netherlands recorded a fiscal deficit in 56 of those years, while Venezuela ran a deficit in 40 years. On average, the Netherlands posted an annual deficit equal to 2.13% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.64% of GDP for Venezuela.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Netherlands

Venezuela
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Netherlands Venezuela
2025 3.26% 252%
2024 3.35% 49.4%
2023 3.84% 338%
2022 10% 186.5%
2021 2.68% 1,589%
2020 1.27% 2,355%
2019 2.63% 19,906%
2018 1.7% 65,374%
2017 1.38% 438%
2016 0.32% 254.9%
2015 0.6% 121.7%
2014 0.98% 62.2%
2013 2.51% 40.6%
2012 2.46% 21.1%
2011 2.34% 26.1%
2010 1.28% 28.2%
2009 1.19% 26%
2008 2.49% 31.4%
2007 1.61% 18.7%
2006 1.1% 13.7%
2005 1.69% 16%
2004 1.26% 21.7%
2003 2.09% 31.1%
2002 3.29% 22.4%
2001 4.16% 12.5%
2000 2.36% 16.2%
1999 2.16% 23.6%
1998 1.96% 35.8%
1997 2.11% 50%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/netherlands/venezuela | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, the Netherlands has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.35%, compared with 3,150% in Venezuela. In 2025, inflation was 3.26% in the Netherlands and 252% in Venezuela.

Top exports between countries

Netherlands
Export category Export value
IT & IP services $15.1M
Machinery & equipment $13M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $8.46M
Animal & marine products $5.25M
Business & finance services $4.59M
Manufacturing & construction services $3.77M
Metals $3.29M
Raw materials & minerals $2.64M
Chemicals & pharma $2.35M
Government & miscellaneous services $1.95M
Venezuela
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $88.7M
Metals $86.1M
Raw materials & minerals $15.8M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $5.22M
Machinery & equipment $507K
Animal & marine products $49K

Balance of trade

Netherlands Venezuela
Current account balance
$111B
2024
-$3.87B
2016
Current account balance ranking
6/190
2024
155/190
2016
Current account balance, % of GDP
+9.14%
2024
-3.43%
2016
Goods imports
$606B
2024
$16.3B
2016
Goods exports
$693B
2024
$27.4B
2016
Service imports
$262B
2024
$9.47B
2016
Service exports
$308B
2024
$1.28B
2016
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
69.5%
2025
10.1%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
80.7%
2025
14.9%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Netherlands Venezuela
Economic freedom 78.5 27.3
Economic freedom ranking 11/197 194/197
Property rights 96 0
Government integrity 86.8 6.9
Judicial effectiveness 96.1 5.1
Tax burden 54 73.4
Government spending 42.2 93
Fiscal health 95.9 29.1
Business freedom 85 31.1
Labor freedom 59.3 35.5
Monetary freedom 77 0
Trade freedom 79.4 43.2
Investment freedom 90 0
Financial freedom 80 10

Economic freedom comparison by year

Netherlands
Venezuela
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Netherlands Venezuela
2026 78.5 27.3
2025 78.2 27.6
2024 77.3 28.1
2023 78 25.8
2022 79.5 24.8
2021 76.8 24.7
2020 77 25.2
2019 76.8 25.9
2018 76.2 25.2
2017 75.8 27
2016 74.6 33.7
2015 73.7 34.3
2014 74.2 36.3
2013 73.5 36.1
2012 73.3 38.1
2011 74.7 37.6
2010 75 37.1
2009 77 39.9
2008 77.4 44.7
2007 75.5 47.9
2006 75.4 44.6
2005 72.9 45.2
2004 74.5 46.7
2003 74.6 54.8
2002 75.1 54.7
2001 73 54.6
2000 70.4 57.4
1999 70.2 56.1
1998 69.2 54
1997 70.4 52.8
1996 69.7 54.5
1995 - 59.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/netherlands/venezuela | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the Netherlands is 78.5, ranking 11/197, compared to 27.3 for Venezuela, ranking 194/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Netherlands Venezuela
Services, % of GDP
70.4%
2025
51.7%
2014
Industry, % of GDP
17.7%
2025
37.2%
2014
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.68%
2025
5.03%
2014
GNI, Atlas method
$1.24T
2025
$110B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$85,480
2025
$20,840
2011
Total reserves including gold
$118B
2025
$9.79B
2017
Total reserves ranking
27/177
2025
80/177
2017
Net foreign direct investment
$11.1B
2024
-$27M
2016
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$17.1B
2024
$1.63B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$5.93B
2024
$2.6B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.5%
2021
33.1%
2015
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
19.8%
2025
5.93%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/netherlands/venezuela | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1997, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2013–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.