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Economy of Canada vs Venezuela compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Canada has a GDP of $2.24T compared to $120B for Venezuela, ranking 9/197 and 65/197 by economy size, respectively.

Canada has $2.5T in government debt (111.3% of GDP), compared to $197B (164.3% of GDP) in Venezuela.

Canada vs Venezuela GDP by year

Canada
Venezuela
1x
Year GDP, current $
Canada Venezuela
2024 $2,243,636,826,634 $119,802,963,258
2023 $2,173,339,670,064 $102,376,526,556
2022 $2,190,411,080,134 $89,013,255,585
2021 $2,022,378,748,423 $56,614,976,855
2020 $1,655,684,730,000 $42,838,020,721
2019 $1,743,725,183,673 $73,014,084,091
2018 $1,725,329,192,783 $102,021,093,965
2017 $1,649,265,644,244 $115,883,275,163
2016 $1,527,994,741,907 $112,915,034,262
2015 $1,556,508,816,217 $125,449,241,571
2014 $1,805,749,878,440 $214,689,614,733
2013 $1,846,597,421,835 $258,930,655,486
2012 $1,828,366,481,522 $372,592,062,768
2011 $1,793,326,630,175 $316,482,190,800
2010 $1,617,343,367,486 $393,192,354,511
2009 $1,374,625,142,157 $329,787,628,928
2008 $1,552,989,690,722 $315,953,388,511
2007 $1,468,820,407,783 $230,364,012,576
2006 $1,319,264,809,591 $183,477,522,124
2005 $1,173,108,598,779 $145,513,489,652
2004 $1,026,690,238,278 $112,451,400,425
2003 $895,540,646,635 $83,620,628,582
2002 $760,649,334,098 $92,893,587,734
2001 $738,981,792,355 $122,911,036,747
2000 $744,773,415,932 $117,146,466,003
1999 $678,412,196,271 $97,972,842,462
1998 $634,000,000,000 $91,336,763,255
1997 $654,986,999,856 $85,837,678,560
1996 $630,607,994,133 $70,543,211,119
1995 $605,961,090,061 $77,389,487,770
1994 $579,944,346,807 $58,418,666,667
1993 $579,053,561,739 $60,037,460,783
1992 $594,387,358,319 $60,416,519,620
1991 $612,527,712,316 $53,453,444,787
1990 $596,075,591,361 $48,606,952,195
1989 $567,211,993,243 $43,536,709,104
1988 $509,380,027,627 $60,226,413,793
1987 $433,134,238,311 $48,029,034,483
1986 $379,006,836,992 $60,516,123,711
1985 $366,186,012,450 $61,965,466,667
1984 $356,718,400,124 $59,867,743,468
1983 $341,866,277,183 $67,556,279,070
1982 $314,647,807,409 $67,736,744,186
1981 $307,246,642,756 $66,327,441,860
1980 $274,776,566,028 $59,116,511,628
1979 $243,891,124,296 $48,310,930,233
1978 $219,369,542,386 $39,316,279,070
1977 $212,325,176,305 $36,210,697,674
1976 $207,271,612,576 $31,419,534,884
1975 $174,419,757,177 $27,464,651,163
1974 $160,949,188,139 $26,100,930,233
1973 $131,764,343,566 $17,035,581,395
1972 $113,463,848,874 $13,977,727,273
1971 $99,606,454,744 $12,986,590,909
1970 $88,192,257,632 $11,561,111,111
1969 $79,405,011,125 $10,285,111,111
1968 $72,048,833,006 $10,034,444,444
1967 $65,856,924,424 $9,250,000,000
1966 $61,252,415,405 $8,781,333,333
1965 $54,649,410,479 $8,427,777,778
1964 $49,503,663,836 $8,192,413,793
1963 $45,140,337,827 $9,608,717,288
1962 $42,336,211,556 $8,814,309,884
1961 $41,038,192,838 $8,067,267,031
1960 $40,563,768,947 $7,663,938,303

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/venezuela | CC BY

GDP per capita in Canada vs Venezuela by year

Canada
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Venezuela
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Canada Venezuela
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $54,340 $64,610 $4,218 -
2023 $54,220 $64,219 $3,617 -
2022 $56,257 $63,944 $3,155 -
2021 $52,887 $56,995 $2,005 -
2020 $43,538 $48,591 $1,506 -
2019 $46,353 $50,499 $2,523 -
2018 $46,539 $49,983 $3,423 -
2017 $45,130 $48,317 $3,791 -
2016 $42,314 $46,471 $3,670 -
2015 $43,594 $44,668 $4,103 -
2014 $50,961 $45,758 $7,096 -
2013 $52,638 $44,301 $8,656 -
2012 $52,670 $42,292 $12,607 -
2011 $52,224 $41,667 $10,844 $21,241
2010 $47,561 $40,103 $13,646 $20,236
2009 $40,875 $38,863 $11,597 $20,562
2008 $46,710 $40,376 $11,262 $21,402
2007 $44,660 $39,573 $8,332 $20,236
2006 $40,504 $38,123 $6,739 $18,399
2005 $36,384 $36,328 $5,432 $16,511
2004 $32,146 $33,929 $4,269 $14,757
2003 $28,302 $32,350 $3,230 $12,359
2002 $24,256 $30,964 $3,652 $13,375
2001 $23,822 $30,241 $4,920 $14,714
2000 $24,271 $29,348 $4,776 $14,174
1999 $22,315 $27,841 $4,071 $13,623
1998 $21,025 $26,324 $3,870 $14,568
1997 $21,902 $25,264 $3,711 $14,655
1996 $21,297 $24,055 $3,113 $13,824
1995 $20,680 $23,474 $3,487 $13,890
1994 $19,998 $22,624 $2,689 $13,370
1993 $20,187 $21,432 $2,825 $13,702
1992 $20,950 $20,619 $2,907 $13,652
1991 $21,847 $20,220 $2,633 $12,880
1990 $21,526 $20,226 $2,452 $11,628
1989 $20,795 - $2,250 -
1988 $19,013 - $3,191 -
1987 $16,378 - $2,611 -
1986 $14,521 - $3,376 -
1985 $14,170 - $3,549 -
1984 $13,930 - $3,520 -
1983 $13,477 - $4,079 -
1982 $12,527 - $4,202 -
1981 $12,379 - $4,228 -
1980 $11,208 - $3,874 -
1979 $10,078 - $3,257 -
1978 $9,154 - $2,727 -
1977 $8,949 - $2,585 -
1976 $8,839 - $2,309 -
1975 $7,537 - $2,078 -
1974 $7,057 - $2,034 -
1973 $5,858 - $1,367 -
1972 $5,107 - $1,155 -
1971 $4,535 - $1,106 -
1970 $4,136 - $1,015 -
1969 $3,776 - $932 -
1968 $3,473 - $938 -
1967 $3,226 - $893 -
1966 $3,055 - $876 -
1965 $2,777 - $869 -
1964 $2,562 - $874 -
1963 $2,380 - $1,060 -
1962 $2,274 - $1,007 -
1961 $2,246 - $954 -
1960 $2,265 - $939 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/venezuela | CC BY

Canada's GDP per capita is $54,340, ranking 20/197, compared to $4,218 in Venezuela, ranking 128/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Canada ranks 28th at $64,610, while Venezuela ranks 93rd at $21,241.

Economic indicators

Canada Venezuela
Gross domestic product
$2.24T
2024
$120B
2024
GDP rank
9/197
2024
65/197
2024
GDP growth
1.55%
2023-2024
5.3%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$54,340
2024
$4,218
2024
GDP per capita rank
20/197
2024
128/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$64,610
2024
$21,241
2011
GDP per capita PPP rank
28/197
2024
93/197
2011
Government debt
$2.5T
2024
$197B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
111.3%
2024
164.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$60,482
2024
$6,931
2024
Government debt per person rank
4/185
2024
69/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$37,320
2026
$3,792
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$3.37T
2024
$3.98B
2002
Number of millionaires
2,098,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
76
2025
1
2025
Income share by richest 10%
24.1%
2021
33.2%
2006
Income share by poorest 10%
3.3%
2021
1.2%
2006
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44.7%
2024
17.6%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.38%
2023-2024
49%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
2.25%
2025
58.4%
2025
Unemployment rate
6.35%
2024
7.53%
2020
Population
42181965
28661242

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Canada
Spending

Debt
Venezuela
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Canada Venezuela
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 44.7% 111.3% 17.6% 164.3%
2023 42.1% 107.7% 13.1% 138.5%
2022 40.6% 104.2% 15.1% 164.4%
2021 45.5% 112.6% 13.1% 254.2%
2020 52.4% 118.1% 11.2% 337%
2019 40.6% 90.2% 21% 206%
2018 40.7% 90.8% 37.9% 175.3%
2017 40.5% 90.9% 21.8% 133.6%
2016 40.8% 92.4% 19.7% 138.4%
2015 40% 92% 22.9% 129.8%
2014 38.4% 85.5% 31.6% 84.9%
2013 40% 87.6% 36.5% 85.4%
2012 40.9% 87.2% 38% 58.4%
2011 41.6% 84.3% 39.4% 52.5%
2010 43.1% 84% 31.1% 37.7%
2009 43.4% 81.8% 33.3% 27.6%
2008 38.8% 70.4% 34.9% 20.3%
2007 38.5% 67.2% 35.9% 26.4%
2006 38.7% 69.9% 39.3% 25.7%
2005 38.5% 70.6% 33.5% 34.9%
2004 39.1% 71.9% 31.9% 41.8%
2003 40.3% 75.9% 32.2% 56%
2002 40.4% 79.6% 31% 48.2%
2001 41.1% 81.5% 31.9% 30.7%
2000 40.6% 80.4% 28.3% 27.7%
1999 41.8% 89% 26.1% 29.6%
1998 43.4% 93.3% 28.8% 30.7%
1997 43.5% 95.3% 31% 34.8%
1996 45.9% 100.2% 27.7% 45.9%
1995 47.7% 100.1% 32.9% 45.9%
1994 49% 97.5% 42.2% 63.9%
1993 51.5% 94.7% 27.7% 57.7%
1992 52.5% 88.2% 30.6% 54.8%
1991 51.4% 81.7% 33.9% 62.2%
1990 48.1% 73.7% 31.9% 63.3%
1989 45.8% 72.2% 32.5% 61.8%
1988 45.4% 71.1% 33.2% 46.3%
1987 46.1% 71.4% 25.1% 58.3%
1986 47.6% 71% 21.5% 45.9%
1985 48.3% 66.9% 20.3% 34.1%
1984 47.5% 61.7% 19.7% 36.4%
1983 47.9% 58.4% 25.3% 21.4%
1982 47.3% 52.7% 29% 18.6%
1981 42.5% 46.9% 29.6% 18.9%
1980 41.6% 45.6% 22% 16.6%
1979 40% 45.3% 22.3% 19.2%
1978 41.6% 48% 29.2% 16.6%
1977 41.4% 45.1% 30.6% 12.7%
1976 40.2% 43.6% 26.6% 9.64%
1975 41.1% 45.2% 33.8% 8.31%
1974 37.6% 45.8% 35.3% 7.72%
1973 36% 48% 20% 9.78%
1972 37.5% 53.5% 21.3% 10.6%
1971 37.3% 55.3% 19.6% 9.64%
1970 36% 54.3% 19.5% 10.6%
1969 33.9% 53% 21% 9.91%
1968 33.8% 55.9% 19.8% 7.84%
1967 32.9% 56.9% 19.8% 6.74%
1966 30.8% 56.6% 19.1% 5.84%
1965 29.8% 60.1% 18.7% 5.46%
1964 29.7% 63.7% 17.9% 4.95%
1963 30.3% 67% 18.7% 6.3%
1962 30.6% 67.2% 17.6% 7.24%
1961 30.6% 68.2% 11.8% 8.79%
1960 14.9% 66.1% 23.7% 8.28%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1997, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/venezuela | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government spending was $1T, accounting for 44.7% of its GDP, while Venezuela spent $21.1B, or 17.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 111.3% in Canada and 164.3% in Venezuela, ranking 15/185 and 5/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Canada

Venezuela
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Canada Venezuela
2024 -2.01% -3.6%
2023 0.07% -1.25%
2022 0.56% -5.29%
2021 -3.06% -5.85%
2020 -10.9% -6.63%
2019 -0.02% -10.9%
2018 0.36% -31%
2017 -0.11% -13.3%
2016 -0.45% -8.46%
2015 -0.06% -8.06%
2014 0.17% -9.81%
2013 -1.49% -10.4%
2012 -2.52% -9.86%
2011 -3.31% -8.24%
2010 -4.74% -4.74%
2009 -3.88% -8.69%
2008 0.18% -3.46%
2007 1.82% -2.82%
2006 1.83% -1.6%
2005 1.55% 4.09%
2004 0.77% 2.47%
2003 -0.13% 0.17%
2002 -0.23% -1.48%
2001 0.53% -4.59%
2000 2.64% 4.45%
1999 1.66% 0.74%
1998 0.14% -4.49%
1997 0.04% 2.58%
1996 -3.05% 7.94%
1995 -5.49% -5.86%
1994 -6.94% -11.2%
1993 -8.93% -2.92%
1992 -9.2% -6.37%
1991 -8.36% -2.28%
1990 -5.91% 3.84%
1989 -4.6% -0.91%
1988 -4.33% -9.24%
1987 -5.42% -7.47%
1986 -7.14% 0.82%
1985 -8.59% 6.97%
1984 -7.78% 5.33%
1983 -8.17% 1.24%
1982 -7.03% -0.17%
1981 -2.83% 4.74%
1980 -4.07% 4.41%
1979 -3.41% -3.07%
1978 -4.77% -5.44%
1977 -4.1% -4.69%
1976 -2.78% 1.65%
1975 -3.54% 0.88%
1974 1.1% 2.76%
1973 0.6% 1.98%
1972 -0.97% 0.42%
1971 -1.02% 0.78%
1970 -0.36% -1.22%
1969 1.2% -2.17%
1968 -0.45% -0.32%
1967 -0.82% 0.51%
1966 -0.07% 0.23%
1965 -0.25% 0.39%
1964 -0.68% 1.91%
1963 -2.31% 1.92%
1962 -2.6% 2.14%
1961 -2.75% -1.91%
1960 -0.85% -4.08%
1959 -1.08% -4.98%
1958 -1.69% -4.86%
1957 -0.11% 6.7%
1956 0.77% 0.76%
1955 -0.11% 0.38%
1954 -0.57% 1.84%
1953 0.3% 0.03%
1952 0.09% -0.5%
1951 1.1% -0.24%
1950 1.09% -0.23%
1949 0.78% 0.15%
1948 3.84% 1.27%
1947 5.02% 0.09%
1946 3.14% -0.9%
1945 -17.9% 2.9%
1944 -21.6% 1.85%
1943 -23.1% -0.27%
1942 -20.8% 0.2%
1941 -4.79% 0.01%
1940 -5.62% -1.07%
1939 -2.11% -0.78%
1938 -0.97% 0.68%
1937 -0.34% 0.73%
1936 -1.68% -0.52%
1935 -3.72% -2.23%
1934 -2.93% 1.34%
1933 -3.83% 1.03%
1932 -5.79% 0.51%
1931 -2.43% 1.02%
1930 -1.47% -2.03%
1929 0.78% -0.34%
1928 1.12% -0.68%
1927 0.92% 1.55%
1926 0.81% 0.14%
1925 0.55% 0.54%
1924 0.007% 0.37%
1923 0.79% 1.32%
1922 -0.75% 1.57%
1921 -2% -0.97%
1920 -1.82% -1.75%
1919 -8.94% -
1918 -8.98% -
1917 -7.83% -
1916 -8.14% -
1915 -6.17% -
1914 -4.63% -
1913 -0.82% -
1912 1.03% -
1911 0.004% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 -0.67% -
1908 -2.78% -
1907 -0.83% -
1906 0.22% -
1905 -0.07% -
1904 -0.44% -
1903 0.07% -
1902 0.91% -
1901 -0.34% -
1900 -0.33% -
1899 0.1% -
1898 -0.3% -
1897 -0.35% -
1896 -0.48% -
1895 -0.85% -
1894 -1.06% -
1893 -0.66% -
1892 -0.07% -
1891 3.23% -
1890 -0.04% -
1889 0% -
1888 -0.48% -
1887 -1.18% -
1886 -0.73% -
1885 -4.82% -
1884 -2.43% -
1883 -3.88% -
1882 -0.78% -
1881 0.32% -
1880 -0.62% -
1879 -2.11% -
1878 -0.63% -
1877 -1.63% -
1876 -2.06% -
1875 -1.88% -
1874 -1.57% -
1873 -1.74% -
1872 -3.93% -
1871 -1.09% -
1870 0.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/venezuela | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $45.2B, equivalent to 2.01% of GDP. This compares to Venezuela's deficit of $4.31B, or 3.6% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Canada recorded a fiscal deficit in 48 of those years, while Venezuela ran a deficit in 39 years. On average, Canada posted an annual deficit equal to 2.42% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.59% of GDP for Venezuela.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Canada

Venezuela
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Canada Venezuela
2024 2.38% 49%
2023 3.88% 338%
2022 6.8% 186.5%
2021 3.4% 1,589%
2020 0.72% 2,355%
2019 1.95% 19,906%
2018 2.27% 65,374%
2017 1.6% 438%
2016 1.43% 254.9%
2015 1.13% 121.7%
2014 1.91% 62.2%
2013 0.94% 40.6%
2012 1.52% 21.1%
2011 2.91% 26.1%
2010 1.78% 28.2%
2009 0.3% 26%
2008 2.37% 31.4%
2007 2.14% 18.7%
2006 2% 13.7%
2005 2.21% 16%
2004 1.86% 21.7%
2003 2.76% 31.1%
2002 2.26% 22.4%
2001 2.53% 12.5%
2000 2.72% 16.2%
1999 1.73% 23.6%
1998 1% 35.8%
1997 1.62% 50%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/venezuela | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Canada has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.15%, compared with 3,254% in Venezuela. In 2024, inflation was 2.38% in Canada and 49% in Venezuela.

Top exports between countries

Canada
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $166M
Transport & tourism services $39.9M
Machinery & equipment $13M
Wood & paper products $3.36M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.49M
Chemicals & pharma $877K
Raw materials & minerals $590K
Miscellaneous $321K
Animal & marine products $234K
Textiles & consumer goods $211K
Venezuela
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $6.39M
Metals $1.77M
Raw materials & minerals $51K

Balance of trade

Canada Venezuela
Current account balance
-$10.3B
2024
-$3.87B
2016
Current account balance ranking
177/190
2024
161/190
2016
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.46%
2024
-3.43%
2016
Goods imports
$574B
2024
$16.3B
2016
Goods exports
$569B
2024
$27.4B
2016
Service imports
$160B
2024
$9.47B
2016
Service exports
$159B
2024
$1.28B
2016
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.7%
2024
9.22%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.4%
2024
16.9%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Canada Venezuela
Economic freedom 75.6 27.3
Economic freedom ranking 17/197 194/197
Property rights 85.9 0
Government integrity 85.5 6.9
Judicial effectiveness 96 5.1
Tax burden 74.7 73.4
Government spending 45.9 93
Fiscal health 79.7 29.1
Business freedom 84.2 31.1
Labor freedom 68.3 35.5
Monetary freedom 73.8 0
Trade freedom 83.2 43.2
Investment freedom 60 0
Financial freedom 70 10

Economic freedom comparison by year

Canada
Venezuela
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Canada Venezuela
2026 75.6 27.3
2025 75.5 27.6
2024 72.4 28.1
2023 73.7 25.8
2022 76.6 24.8
2021 77.9 24.7
2020 78.2 25.2
2019 77.7 25.9
2018 77.7 25.2
2017 78.5 27
2016 78 33.7
2015 79.1 34.3
2014 80.2 36.3
2013 79.4 36.1
2012 79.9 38.1
2011 80.8 37.6
2010 80.4 37.1
2009 80.5 39.9
2008 80.2 44.7
2007 78 47.9
2006 77.4 44.6
2005 75.8 45.2
2004 75.3 46.7
2003 74.8 54.8
2002 74.6 54.7
2001 71.2 54.6
2000 70.5 57.4
1999 69.3 56.1
1998 68.5 54
1997 67.9 52.8
1996 70.3 54.5
1995 69.4 59.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/venezuela | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Canada is 75.6, ranking 17/197, compared to 27.3 for Venezuela, ranking 194/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Canada Venezuela
Services, % of GDP
66.4%
2021
51.7%
2014
Industry, % of GDP
25.3%
2021
37.2%
2014
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.6%
2021
5.03%
2014
GNI, Atlas method
$2.2T
2024
$109B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$63,630
2024
$20,800
2011
Total reserves including gold
$120B
2024
$9.79B
2017
Total reserves ranking
23/177
2024
77/177
2017
Net foreign direct investment
$27.8B
2024
-$27M
2016
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$63.1B
2024
$1.63B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$89.4B
2024
$2.6B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
9.4%
2020
33.1%
2015
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
4.9%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/venezuela | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1997, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2013–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.