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Economy of Australia vs Venezuela compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Australia has a GDP of $1.76T compared to $120B for Venezuela, ranking 14/197 and 65/197 by economy size, respectively.

Australia has $891B in government debt (50.7% of GDP), compared to $197B (164.3% of GDP) in Venezuela.

Australia vs Venezuela GDP by year

Australia
Venezuela
1x
Year GDP, current $
Australia Venezuela
2024 $1,757,022,451,653 $119,802,963,258
2023 $1,734,451,264,656 $102,376,526,556
2022 $1,695,627,535,476 $89,013,255,585
2021 $1,560,617,493,203 $56,614,976,855
2020 $1,333,336,461,648 $42,838,020,721
2019 $1,398,349,602,956 $73,014,084,091
2018 $1,433,144,978,762 $102,021,093,965
2017 $1,330,890,554,614 $115,883,275,163
2016 $1,211,588,128,418 $112,915,034,262
2015 $1,356,805,839,936 $125,449,241,571
2014 $1,474,677,007,566 $214,689,614,733
2013 $1,583,737,461,925 $258,930,655,486
2012 $1,552,728,401,402 $372,592,062,768
2011 $1,402,939,868,653 $316,482,190,800
2010 $1,152,566,632,022 $393,192,354,511
2009 $931,761,689,771 $329,787,628,928
2008 $1,058,448,244,064 $315,953,388,511
2007 $856,603,595,823 $230,364,012,576
2006 $749,708,370,333 $183,477,522,124
2005 $696,811,489,613 $145,513,489,652
2004 $615,643,050,221 $112,451,400,425
2003 $468,517,181,130 $83,620,628,582
2002 $396,436,967,263 $92,893,587,734
2001 $380,360,222,861 $122,911,036,747
2000 $416,901,962,163 $117,146,466,003
1999 $390,347,787,943 $97,972,842,462
1998 $400,361,527,505 $91,336,763,255
1997 $436,321,902,767 $85,837,678,560
1996 $401,962,517,479 $70,543,211,119
1995 $368,725,126,225 $77,389,487,770
1994 $323,269,456,935 $58,418,666,667
1993 $312,568,858,910 $60,037,460,783
1992 $325,982,966,981 $60,416,519,620
1991 $326,416,407,861 $53,453,444,787
1990 $311,840,666,465 $48,606,952,195
1989 $300,264,309,002 $43,536,709,104
1988 $236,461,079,970 $60,226,413,793
1987 $189,726,707,253 $48,029,034,483
1986 $182,707,050,923 $60,516,123,711
1985 $180,861,108,959 $61,965,466,667
1984 $193,749,932,078 $59,867,743,468
1983 $177,523,719,680 $67,556,279,070
1982 $194,323,071,831 $67,736,744,186
1981 $177,151,979,566 $66,327,441,860
1980 $150,200,557,103 $59,116,511,628
1979 $135,093,718,051 $48,310,930,233
1978 $118,660,813,780 $39,316,279,070
1977 $110,504,702,914 $36,210,697,674
1976 $105,209,354,856 $31,419,534,884
1975 $97,440,939,506 $27,464,651,163
1974 $89,086,219,602 $26,100,930,233
1973 $63,923,126,201 $17,035,581,395
1972 $52,117,990,654 $13,977,727,273
1971 $45,283,847,245 $12,986,590,909
1970 $41,395,206,623 $11,561,111,111
1969 $36,738,245,878 $10,285,111,111
1968 $32,763,365,242 $10,034,444,444
1967 $30,487,524,878 $9,250,000,000
1966 $27,349,284,376 $8,781,333,333
1965 $26,014,244,162 $8,427,777,778
1964 $23,835,843,814 $8,192,413,793
1963 $21,573,443,452 $9,608,717,288
1962 $19,953,923,193 $8,814,309,884
1961 $19,713,123,154 $8,067,267,031
1960 $18,635,682,982 $7,663,938,303

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/australia/venezuela | CC BY

GDP per capita in Australia vs Venezuela by year

Australia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Venezuela
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Australia Venezuela
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $64,604 $72,111 $4,218 -
2023 $65,058 $72,273 $3,617 -
2022 $65,170 $66,103 $3,155 -
2021 $60,759 $58,327 $2,005 -
2020 $51,983 $54,184 $1,506 -
2019 $55,195 $52,886 $2,523 -
2018 $57,410 $50,371 $3,423 -
2017 $54,118 $48,565 $3,791 -
2016 $50,084 $47,446 $3,670 -
2015 $56,970 $46,465 $4,103 -
2014 $62,817 $47,109 $7,096 -
2013 $68,477 $46,123 $8,656 -
2012 $68,301 $43,007 $12,607 -
2011 $62,799 $42,153 $10,844 $21,241
2010 $52,314 $39,504 $13,646 $20,236
2009 $42,955 $40,434 $11,597 $20,562
2008 $49,811 $37,616 $11,262 $21,402
2007 $41,128 $36,708 $8,332 $20,236
2006 $36,659 $34,890 $6,739 $18,399
2005 $34,535 $33,090 $5,432 $16,511
2004 $30,886 $31,815 $4,269 $14,757
2003 $23,758 $30,167 $3,230 $12,359
2002 $20,335 $29,080 $3,652 $13,375
2001 $19,734 $27,688 $4,920 $14,714
2000 $21,909 $26,585 $4,776 $14,174
1999 $20,750 $25,531 $4,071 $13,623
1998 $21,516 $24,386 $3,870 $14,568
1997 $23,683 $23,142 $3,711 $14,655
1996 $22,056 $22,134 $3,113 $13,824
1995 $20,479 $21,050 $3,487 $13,890
1994 $18,156 $20,174 $2,689 $13,370
1993 $17,725 $19,220 $2,825 $13,702
1992 $18,650 $18,259 $2,907 $13,652
1991 $18,885 $17,839 $2,633 $12,880
1990 $18,274 $17,385 $2,452 $11,628
1989 $17,858 - $2,250 -
1988 $14,303 - $3,191 -
1987 $11,666 - $2,611 -
1986 $11,406 - $3,376 -
1985 $11,455 - $3,549 -
1984 $12,436 - $3,520 -
1983 $11,532 - $4,079 -
1982 $12,798 - $4,202 -
1981 $11,871 - $4,228 -
1980 $10,223 - $3,874 -
1979 $9,308 - $3,257 -
1978 $8,264 - $2,727 -
1977 $7,786 - $2,585 -
1976 $7,497 - $2,309 -
1975 $7,014 - $2,078 -
1974 $6,492 - $2,034 -
1973 $4,778 - $1,367 -
1972 $3,955 - $1,155 -
1971 $3,500 - $1,106 -
1970 $3,310 - $1,015 -
1969 $2,996 - $932 -
1968 $2,728 - $938 -
1967 $2,584 - $893 -
1966 $2,347 - $876 -
1965 $2,284 - $869 -
1964 $2,134 - $874 -
1963 $1,970 - $1,060 -
1962 $1,858 - $1,007 -
1961 $1,880 - $954 -
1960 $1,813 - $939 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/australia/venezuela | CC BY

Australia's GDP per capita is $64,604, ranking 14/197, compared to $4,218 in Venezuela, ranking 128/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Australia ranks 22nd at $72,111, while Venezuela ranks 93rd at $21,241.

Economic indicators

Australia Venezuela
Gross domestic product
$1.76T
2024
$120B
2024
GDP rank
14/197
2024
65/197
2024
GDP growth
1.37%
2023-2024
5.3%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$64,604
2024
$4,218
2024
GDP per capita rank
14/197
2024
128/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$72,111
2024
$21,241
2011
GDP per capita PPP rank
22/197
2024
93/197
2011
Government debt
$891B
2024
$197B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
50.7%
2024
164.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$32,764
2024
$6,931
2024
Government debt per person rank
22/185
2024
69/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$49,463
2026
$3,792
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$1.74T
2024
$3.98B
2002
Number of millionaires
1,904,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
47
2025
1
2025
Income share by richest 10%
25.5%
2020
33.2%
2006
Income share by poorest 10%
2.7%
2020
1.2%
2006
Government expenditure, % of GDP
38.9%
2024
17.6%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.16%
2023-2024
49%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
3.6%
2025
58.4%
2025
Unemployment rate
3.94%
2024
7.53%
2020
Population
27799169
28661242

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Australia
Spending

Debt
Venezuela
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Australia Venezuela
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 38.9% 50.7% 17.6% 164.3%
2023 37.6% 49.6% 13.1% 138.5%
2022 37.6% 50.2% 15.1% 164.4%
2021 41.8% 55.5% 13.1% 254.2%
2020 44.4% 57.1% 11.2% 337%
2019 38.9% 46.7% 21% 206%
2018 36.9% 41.8% 37.9% 175.3%
2017 36.8% 41.2% 21.8% 133.6%
2016 37.3% 40.6% 19.7% 138.4%
2015 37.3% 37.7% 22.9% 129.8%
2014 36.7% 34% 31.6% 84.9%
2013 36.4% 30.5% 36.5% 85.4%
2012 36.5% 27.5% 38% 58.4%
2011 36.3% 24% 39.4% 52.5%
2010 37% 20.3% 31.1% 37.7%
2009 37.8% 16.6% 33.3% 27.6%
2008 35.1% 11.7% 34.9% 20.3%
2007 34.3% 9.67% 35.9% 26.4%
2006 34.5% 9.94% 39.3% 25.7%
2005 34.6% 10.9% 33.5% 34.9%
2004 34.8% 11.9% 31.9% 41.8%
2003 34.9% 13.2% 32.2% 56%
2002 34.9% 15% 31% 48.2%
2001 35.6% 17.1% 31.9% 30.7%
2000 35.2% 19.5% 28.3% 27.7%
1999 36.2% 22.5% 26.1% 29.6%
1998 34.6% 23.7% 28.8% 30.7%
1997 32.8% 25.9% 31% 34.8%
1996 33.5% 29.3% 27.7% 45.9%
1995 33.7% 31.1% 32.9% 45.9%
1994 33.7% 31.7% 42.2% 63.9%
1993 34.1% 30.7% 27.7% 57.7%
1992 34.1% 27.6% 30.6% 54.8%
1991 33.1% 21.6% 33.9% 62.2%
1990 30.5% 16.4% 31.9% 63.3%
1989 34.5% 17% 32.5% 61.8%
1988 34.6% 20.5% 33.2% 46.3%
1987 36% 25.2% 25.1% 58.3%
1986 38.4% 25.5% 21.5% 45.9%
1985 38.7% 24% 20.3% 34.1%
1984 38.4% 22.3% 19.7% 36.4%
1983 37% 21% 25.3% 21.4%
1982 36.7% 16.8% 29% 18.6%
1981 33.4% 19.1% 29.6% 18.9%
1980 33.2% 21.2% 22% 16.6%
1979 32.5% 22.8% 22.3% 19.2%
1978 33.2% 24.7% 29.2% 16.6%
1977 34.1% 23.6% 30.6% 12.7%
1976 33.3% 22.9% 26.6% 9.64%
1975 33% 23.6% 33.8% 8.31%
1974 30.9% 22.3% 35.3% 7.72%
1973 26.6% 27.3% 20% 9.78%
1972 27% 30.7% 21.3% 10.6%
1971 26.1% 32.2% 19.6% 9.64%
1970 25.3% 34.9% 19.5% 10.6%
1969 24.7% 36.7% 21% 9.91%
1968 25.3% 39.4% 19.8% 7.84%
1967 26.4% 40.5% 19.8% 6.74%
1966 25.6% 42.4% 19.1% 5.84%
1965 25.8% 43.7% 18.7% 5.46%
1964 23.5% 44.9% 17.9% 4.95%
1963 23% 47.5% 18.7% 6.3%
1962 22.7% 50.2% 17.6% 7.24%
1961 23.3% 49.3% 11.8% 8.79%
1960 21.8% 48.3% 23.7% 8.28%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1997, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/australia/venezuela | CC BY

In 2024, Australia's government spending was $684B, accounting for 38.9% of its GDP, while Venezuela spent $21.1B, or 17.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 50.7% in Australia and 164.3% in Venezuela, ranking 104/185 and 5/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Australia

Venezuela
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Australia Venezuela
2024 -2.25% -3.6%
2023 -1.27% -1.25%
2022 -2.21% -5.29%
2021 -6.37% -5.85%
2020 -8.73% -6.63%
2019 -4.41% -10.9%
2018 -1.26% -31%
2017 -1.72% -13.3%
2016 -2.42% -8.46%
2015 -2.79% -8.06%
2014 -2.92% -9.81%
2013 -2.81% -10.4%
2012 -3.51% -9.86%
2011 -4.53% -8.24%
2010 -5.12% -4.74%
2009 -4.56% -8.69%
2008 -1.1% -3.46%
2007 1.47% -2.82%
2006 1.77% -1.6%
2005 1.71% 4.09%
2004 1.32% 2.47%
2003 1.05% 0.17%
2002 0.19% -1.48%
2001 -0.03% -4.59%
2000 1.25% 4.45%
1999 0.67% 0.74%
1998 -0.25% -4.49%
1997 -0.49% 2.58%
1996 -1.46% 7.94%
1995 -2.6% -5.86%
1994 -3.79% -11.2%
1993 -4.73% -2.92%
1992 -4.74% -6.37%
1991 -2.79% -2.28%
1990 -0.23% 3.84%
1989 -1.29% -0.91%
1988 -0.77% -9.24%
1987 -1.66% -7.47%
1986 -3.5% 0.82%
1985 -5.24% 6.97%
1984 -5.48% 5.33%
1983 -5.66% 1.24%
1982 -5.19% -0.17%
1981 -3.25% 4.74%
1980 -2.87% 4.41%
1979 -2.32% -3.07%
1978 -4.19% -5.44%
1977 -4.39% -4.69%
1976 -3.44% 1.65%
1975 -3.47% 0.88%
1974 -2.46% 2.76%
1973 0.16% 1.98%
1972 -0.97% 0.42%
1971 -0.23% 0.78%
1970 -0.23% -1.22%
1969 0.53% -2.17%
1968 -0.7% -0.32%
1967 -1.65% 0.51%
1966 -1.77% 0.23%
1965 -1.46% 0.39%
1964 0.19% 1.91%
1963 -0.26% 1.92%
1962 -0.38% 2.14%
1961 -0.78% -1.91%
1960 0.47% -4.08%
1959 0.06% -4.98%
1958 -0.25% -4.86%
1957 -0.33% 6.7%
1956 1% 0.76%
1955 0.08% 0.38%
1954 -0.27% 1.84%
1953 -0.86% 0.03%
1952 -0.44% -0.5%
1951 1.85% -0.24%
1950 4.29% -0.23%
1949 0.72% 0.15%
1948 2% 1.27%
1947 -0.45% 0.09%
1946 -4.09% -0.9%
1945 -8.87% 2.9%
1944 -11.8% 1.85%
1943 -12.4% -0.27%
1942 -5.17% 0.2%
1941 -2.14% 0.01%
1940 0.51% -1.07%
1939 0.77% -0.78%
1938 0.24% 0.68%
1937 0.28% 0.73%
1936 0.17% -0.52%
1935 0.24% -2.23%
1934 0.28% 1.34%
1933 0.28% 1.03%
1932 0.02% 0.51%
1931 -0.8% 1.02%
1930 -1% -2.03%
1929 -0.53% -0.34%
1928 -0.69% -0.68%
1927 -0.5% 1.55%
1926 -0.31% 0.14%
1925 -0.26% 0.54%
1924 -0.5% 0.37%
1923 -0.33% 1.32%
1922 -0.94% 1.57%
1921 -2% -0.97%
1920 -2.43% -1.75%
1919 -4.8% -
1918 -4.36% -
1917 -4.99% -
1916 -3.47% -
1915 -1.11% -
1914 -0.29% -
1913 0% -
1912 0.12% -
1911 0.39% -
1910 0.39% -
1909 0.37% -
1908 -0.15% -
1907 0.41% -
1906 0.23% -
1905 0.11% -
1904 -0.13% -
1903 -0.02% -
1902 0.16% -
1901 1.46% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1901–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/australia/venezuela | CC BY

In 2024, Australia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $39.5B, equivalent to 2.25% of GDP. This compares to Venezuela's deficit of $4.31B, or 3.6% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Australia recorded a fiscal deficit in 53 of those years, while Venezuela ran a deficit in 39 years. On average, Australia posted an annual deficit equal to 2.03% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.59% of GDP for Venezuela.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Australia

Venezuela
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Australia Venezuela
2024 3.16% 49%
2023 5.6% 338%
2022 6.59% 186.5%
2021 2.86% 1,589%
2020 0.85% 2,355%
2019 1.61% 19,906%
2018 1.91% 65,374%
2017 1.95% 438%
2016 1.28% 254.9%
2015 1.51% 121.7%
2014 2.49% 62.2%
2013 2.45% 40.6%
2012 1.76% 21.1%
2011 3.3% 26.1%
2010 2.92% 28.2%
2009 1.77% 26%
2008 4.35% 31.4%
2007 2.33% 18.7%
2006 3.56% 13.7%
2005 2.69% 16%
2004 2.34% 21.7%
2003 2.73% 31.1%
2002 2.98% 22.4%
2001 4.41% 12.5%
2000 4.46% 16.2%
1999 1.48% 23.6%
1998 0.86% 35.8%
1997 0.22% 50%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/australia/venezuela | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Australia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.66%, compared with 3,254% in Venezuela. In 2024, inflation was 3.16% in Australia and 49% in Venezuela.

Top exports between countries

Australia
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $8.32M
Metals $239K
Textiles & consumer goods $191K
Raw materials & minerals $73K
Chemicals & pharma $56K
Wood & paper products $16K
Miscellaneous $9K
Precious metals & jewellery $5K
Venezuela
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $45K
Animal & marine products $5K
Metals $2K

Balance of trade

Australia Venezuela
Current account balance
-$34.8B
2024
-$3.87B
2016
Current account balance ranking
187/190
2024
161/190
2016
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.98%
2024
-3.43%
2016
Goods imports
$297B
2024
$16.3B
2016
Goods exports
$341B
2024
$27.4B
2016
Service imports
$109B
2024
$9.47B
2016
Service exports
$84.1B
2024
$1.28B
2016
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
22.5%
2024
9.22%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
24.6%
2024
16.9%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Australia Venezuela
Economic freedom 80.1 27.3
Economic freedom ranking 5/197 194/197
Property rights 88.2 0
Government integrity 88.1 6.9
Judicial effectiveness 96.3 5.1
Tax burden 61.8 73.4
Government spending 56.6 93
Fiscal health 89 29.1
Business freedom 92.3 31.1
Labor freedom 61.5 35.5
Monetary freedom 77.2 0
Trade freedom 89.8 43.2
Investment freedom 80 0
Financial freedom 80 10

Economic freedom comparison by year

Australia
Venezuela
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Australia Venezuela
2026 80.1 27.3
2025 79.3 27.6
2024 76.2 28.1
2023 74.8 25.8
2022 77.7 24.8
2021 82.4 24.7
2020 82.6 25.2
2019 80.9 25.9
2018 80.9 25.2
2017 81 27
2016 80.3 33.7
2015 81.4 34.3
2014 82 36.3
2013 82.6 36.1
2012 83.1 38.1
2011 82.5 37.6
2010 82.6 37.1
2009 82.6 39.9
2008 82.2 44.7
2007 81.1 47.9
2006 79.9 44.6
2005 79 45.2
2004 77.9 46.7
2003 77.4 54.8
2002 77.3 54.7
2001 77.4 54.6
2000 77.1 57.4
1999 76.4 56.1
1998 75.6 54
1997 75.5 52.8
1996 74 54.5
1995 74.1 59.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/australia/venezuela | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Australia is 80.1, ranking 5/197, compared to 27.3 for Venezuela, ranking 194/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Australia Venezuela
Services, % of GDP
66.1%
2024
51.7%
2014
Industry, % of GDP
25.5%
2024
37.2%
2014
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
2.04%
2024
5.03%
2014
GNI, Atlas method
$1.7T
2024
$109B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$69,600
2024
$20,800
2011
Total reserves including gold
$60.4B
2024
$9.79B
2017
Total reserves ranking
39/177
2024
77/177
2017
Net foreign direct investment
-$39.2B
2024
-$27M
2016
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$53.4B
2024
$1.63B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13.9B
2024
$2.6B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines n/a
33.1%
2015
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.3%
2024
4.9%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1901–1997, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2013–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.