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Economy of Australia vs Paraguay compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Australia has a GDP of $1.76T compared to $44.5B for Paraguay, ranking 14/197 and 98/197 by economy size, respectively.

Australia has $891B in government debt (50.7% of GDP), compared to $19.9B (44.8% of GDP) in Paraguay.

Australia vs Paraguay GDP by year

Australia
Paraguay
1x
Year GDP, current $
Australia Paraguay
2024 $1,757,022,451,653 $44,458,118,397
2023 $1,734,451,264,656 $43,118,053,175
2022 $1,695,627,535,476 $41,952,910,858
2021 $1,560,617,493,203 $39,950,899,939
2020 $1,333,336,461,648 $35,432,178,068
2019 $1,398,349,602,956 $37,925,338,329
2018 $1,433,144,978,762 $40,225,448,341
2017 $1,330,890,554,614 $38,997,129,474
2016 $1,211,588,128,418 $36,089,700,223
2015 $1,356,805,839,936 $36,211,447,840
2014 $1,474,677,007,566 $40,377,929,296
2013 $1,583,737,461,925 $38,501,122,141
2012 $1,552,728,401,402 $33,271,921,136
2011 $1,402,939,868,653 $33,756,238,766
2010 $1,152,566,632,022 $27,260,886,405
2009 $931,761,689,771 $22,355,151,162
2008 $1,058,448,244,064 $24,615,267,664
2007 $856,603,595,823 $17,856,393,235
2006 $749,708,370,333 $13,429,430,050
2005 $696,811,489,613 $10,737,500,188
2004 $615,643,050,221 $9,624,440,836
2003 $468,517,181,130 $7,691,367,471
2002 $396,436,967,263 $7,196,260,657
2001 $380,360,222,861 $8,495,806,432
2000 $416,901,962,163 $8,855,705,140
1999 $390,347,787,943 $8,837,070,236
1998 $400,361,527,505 $9,260,481,572
1997 $436,321,902,767 $9,965,225,678
1996 $401,962,517,479 $9,788,391,781
1995 $368,725,126,225 $9,062,131,475
1994 $323,269,456,935 $7,870,982,005
1993 $312,568,858,910 $7,249,533,620
1992 $325,982,966,981 $7,157,424,031
1991 $326,416,407,861 $6,984,367,763
1990 $311,840,666,465 $5,812,114,523
1989 $300,264,309,002 $4,757,732,200
1988 $236,461,079,970 $4,255,683,528
1987 $189,726,707,253 $3,971,044,724
1986 $182,707,050,923 $3,723,993,943
1985 $180,861,108,959 $3,282,449,236
1984 $193,749,932,078 $4,502,462,807
1983 $177,523,719,680 $5,673,248,726
1982 $194,323,071,831 $5,419,411,765
1981 $177,151,979,566 $5,624,515,873
1980 $150,200,557,103 $4,448,087,302
1979 $135,093,718,051 $3,416,777,778
1978 $118,660,813,780 $2,559,857,143
1977 $110,504,702,914 $2,092,158,730
1976 $105,209,354,856 $1,698,960,317
1975 $97,440,939,506 $1,511,420,635
1974 $89,086,219,602 $1,333,475,397
1973 $63,923,126,201 $995,531,746
1972 $52,117,990,654 $769,039,683
1971 $45,283,847,245 $664,571,429
1970 $41,395,206,623 $594,611,111
1969 $36,738,245,878 $556,293,651
1968 $32,763,365,242 $517,650,794
1967 $30,487,524,878 $492,674,603
1966 $27,349,284,376 $465,888,889
1965 $26,014,244,162 $443,587,302
1964 $23,835,843,814 $408,349,206
1963 $21,573,443,452 $383,904,762
1962 $19,953,923,193 $360,698,413
1961 $19,713,123,154 $322,053,713
1960 $18,635,682,982 $288,884,368

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/australia/paraguay | CC BY

GDP per capita in Australia vs Paraguay by year

Australia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Paraguay
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Australia Paraguay
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $64,604 $72,111 $6,416 $18,524
2023 $65,058 $72,273 $6,300 $17,564
2022 $65,170 $66,103 $6,206 $16,347
2021 $60,759 $58,327 $5,977 $15,406
2020 $51,983 $54,184 $5,365 $14,309
2019 $55,195 $52,886 $5,821 $14,150
2018 $57,410 $50,371 $6,258 $14,139
2017 $54,118 $48,565 $6,152 $13,977
2016 $50,084 $47,446 $5,775 $13,329
2015 $56,970 $46,465 $5,879 $12,679
2014 $62,817 $47,109 $6,652 $12,607
2013 $68,477 $46,123 $6,436 $12,137
2012 $68,301 $43,007 $5,642 $10,954
2011 $62,799 $42,153 $5,805 $11,442
2010 $52,314 $39,504 $4,751 $10,893
2009 $42,955 $40,434 $3,942 $9,802
2008 $49,811 $37,616 $4,385 $9,867
2007 $41,128 $36,708 $3,212 $9,179
2006 $36,659 $34,890 $2,439 $8,561
2005 $34,535 $33,090 $1,971 $8,007
2004 $30,886 $31,815 $1,786 $7,686
2003 $23,758 $30,167 $1,444 $7,276
2002 $20,335 $29,080 $1,368 $6,924
2001 $19,734 $27,688 $1,638 $6,916
2000 $21,909 $26,585 $1,736 $6,937
1999 $20,750 $25,531 $1,766 $7,080
1998 $21,516 $24,386 $1,890 $7,227
1997 $23,683 $23,142 $2,079 $7,299
1996 $22,056 $22,134 $2,088 $7,040
1995 $20,479 $21,050 $1,979 $6,966
1994 $18,156 $20,174 $1,760 $6,542
1993 $17,725 $19,220 $1,662 $6,234
1992 $18,650 $18,259 $1,683 $5,952
1991 $18,885 $17,839 $1,685 $5,873
1990 $18,274 $17,385 $1,440 $5,637
1989 $17,858 - $1,211 -
1988 $14,303 - $1,114 -
1987 $11,666 - $1,069 -
1986 $11,406 - $1,031 -
1985 $11,455 - $935 -
1984 $12,436 - $1,319 -
1983 $11,532 - $1,710 -
1982 $12,798 - $1,680 -
1981 $11,871 - $1,793 -
1980 $10,223 - $1,457 -
1979 $9,308 - $1,149 -
1978 $8,264 - $883 -
1977 $7,786 - $740 -
1976 $7,497 - $616 -
1975 $7,014 - $562 -
1974 $6,492 - $508 -
1973 $4,778 - $389 -
1972 $3,955 - $308 -
1971 $3,500 - $272.1 -
1970 $3,310 - $249 -
1969 $2,996 - $238.2 -
1968 $2,728 - $226.8 -
1967 $2,584 - $220.9 -
1966 $2,347 - $213.9 -
1965 $2,284 - $208.7 -
1964 $2,134 - $197 -
1963 $1,970 - $189.9 -
1962 $1,858 - $182.8 -
1961 $1,880 - $167.1 -
1960 $1,813 - $153.4 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/australia/paraguay | CC BY

Australia's GDP per capita is $64,604, ranking 14/197, compared to $6,416 in Paraguay, ranking 109/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Australia ranks 22nd at $72,111, while Paraguay ranks 102nd at $18,524.

Economic indicators

Australia Paraguay
Gross domestic product
$1.76T
2024
$44.5B
2024
GDP rank
14/197
2024
98/197
2024
GDP growth
1.37%
2023-2024
4.25%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$64,604
2024
$6,416
2024
GDP per capita rank
14/197
2024
109/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$72,111
2024
$18,524
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
22/197
2024
102/197
2024
Government debt
$891B
2024
$19.9B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
50.7%
2024
44.8%
2024
Government debt per person
$32,764
2024
$2,872
2024
Government debt per person rank
22/185
2024
103/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$49,463
2026
$6,136
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$1.74T
2024
$313M
1999
Number of millionaires
1,904,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
47
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
25.5%
2020
35%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
2.7%
2020
2%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
38.9%
2024
21%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.16%
2023-2024
3.84%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
3.6%
2025
6%
2024
Unemployment rate
3.94%
2024
5.69%
2024
Population
27799169
7120169

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Australia
Spending

Debt
Paraguay
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Australia Paraguay
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 38.9% 50.7% 21% 44.8%
2023 37.6% 49.6% 21.5% 41.1%
2022 37.6% 50.2% 20.2% 40.5%
2021 41.8% 55.5% 20.4% 37.5%
2020 44.4% 57.1% 22.6% 36.9%
2019 38.9% 46.7% 20.1% 25.8%
2018 36.9% 41.8% 18.5% 22.3%
2017 36.8% 41.2% 18.1% 19.8%
2016 37.3% 40.6% 17.7% 19.4%
2015 37.3% 37.7% 18% 18.6%
2014 36.7% 34% 17.1% 15.6%
2013 36.4% 30.5% 17.1% 13.5%
2012 36.5% 27.5% 17.6% 12.3%
2011 36.3% 24% 14.7% 11.1%
2010 37% 20.3% 13.3% 13%
2009 37.8% 16.6% 14.3% 14.9%
2008 35.1% 11.7% 11.8% 16%
2007 34.3% 9.67% 13.1% 16.8%
2006 34.5% 9.94% 14.1% 21%
2005 34.6% 10.9% 14% 28.3%
2004 34.8% 11.9% 14% 36%
2003 34.9% 13.2% 14.6% 37.5%
2002 34.9% 15% 17.6% 50.5%
2001 35.6% 17.1% 19% 37.1%
2000 35.2% 19.5% 19.6% 33.6%
1999 36.2% 22.5% 19.2% 32%
1998 34.6% 23.7% 18% 22.1%
1997 32.8% 25.9% 18.1% 18%
1996 33.5% 29.3% 16.9% 16.8%
1995 33.7% 31.1% 15.7% 17.6%
1994 33.7% 31.7% 14.5% 18.7%
1993 34.1% 30.7% 12.9% 26.6%
1992 34.1% 27.6% 13% 34.4%
1991 33.1% 21.6% 11.4% 49.4%
1990 30.5% 16.4% 10.5% 67%
1989 34.5% 17% 11.8% 52.9%
1988 34.6% 20.5% 9.75% 58.9%
1987 36% 25.2% 10.1% 68.7%
1986 38.4% 25.5% 9.25% 57.1%
1985 38.7% 24% 11.4% 54.7%
1984 38.4% 22.3% 13% 31%
1983 37% 21% 13% 22.6%
1982 36.7% 16.8% 13.2% 21.3%
1981 33.4% 19.1% 13.3% 17.4%
1980 33.2% 21.2% 11.6% 17.4%
1979 32.5% 22.8% 11.7% 19.7%
1978 33.2% 24.7% 11.9% 20.9%
1977 34.1% 23.6% 11.2% 18.8%
1976 33.3% 22.9% 9.8% 14.1%
1975 33% 23.6% 10.5% 12.6%
1974 30.9% 22.3% 9.44% 12.5%
1973 26.6% 27.3% 11.2% 15.4%
1972 27% 30.7% 12.5% 18.2%
1971 26.1% 32.2% 12.3% 18.9%
1970 25.3% 34.9% 13.3% 19.2%
1969 24.7% 36.7% 14% -
1968 25.3% 39.4% 13.5% -
1967 26.4% 40.5% 12.2% -
1966 25.6% 42.4% - -
1965 25.8% 43.7% - -
1964 23.5% 44.9% - -
1963 23% 47.5% - -
1962 22.7% 50.2% - -
1961 23.3% 49.3% - -
1960 21.8% 48.3% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/australia/paraguay | CC BY

In 2024, Australia's government spending was $684B, accounting for 38.9% of its GDP, while Paraguay spent $9.33B, or 21% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 50.7% in Australia and 44.8% in Paraguay, ranking 104/185 and 120/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Australia

Paraguay
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Australia Paraguay
2024 -2.25% -2.12%
2023 -1.27% -3.81%
2022 -2.21% -2.64%
2021 -6.37% -3.39%
2020 -8.73% -5.72%
2019 -4.41% -2.44%
2018 -1.26% -1.01%
2017 -1.72% -0.44%
2016 -2.42% -0.37%
2015 -2.79% -0.44%
2014 -2.92% -0.27%
2013 -2.81% -1.16%
2012 -3.51% -0.58%
2011 -4.53% 1.29%
2010 -5.12% 1.54%
2009 -4.56% 0.59%
2008 -1.1% 2.29%
2007 1.47% 1.27%
2006 1.77% 0.91%
2005 1.71% 0.74%
2004 1.32% 1.33%
2003 1.05% -0.07%
2002 0.19% -1.89%
2001 -0.03% 0.07%
2000 1.25% -0.55%
1999 0.67% 2.67%
1998 -0.25% 4.28%
1997 -0.49% 3%
1996 -1.46% 2.43%
1995 -2.6% 2.78%
1994 -3.79% 4.59%
1993 -4.73% 4.27%
1992 -4.74% 3.1%
1991 -2.79% 3.41%
1990 -0.23% 7.56%
1989 -1.29% 5.48%
1988 -0.77% 3.01%
1987 -1.66% 2.68%
1986 -3.5% 3.08%
1985 -5.24% 0.85%
1984 -5.48% -0.42%
1983 -5.66% 0.27%
1982 -5.19% 1.52%
1981 -3.25% 0.15%
1980 -2.87% 3.4%
1979 -2.32% 4.13%
1978 -4.19% -3.42%
1977 -4.39% -0.19%
1976 -3.44% -0.06%
1975 -3.47% -1.24%
1974 -2.46% 1.67%
1973 0.16% -0.91%
1972 -0.97% -2.51%
1971 -0.23% -1.25%
1970 -0.23% -1.26%
1969 0.53% -1.62%
1968 -0.7% -2.34%
1967 -1.65% -1.7%
1966 -1.77% -
1965 -1.46% -
1964 0.19% -
1963 -0.26% -
1962 -0.38% -
1961 -0.78% -
1960 0.47% -
1959 0.06% -
1958 -0.25% -
1957 -0.33% -
1956 1% -
1955 0.08% -
1954 -0.27% -
1953 -0.86% -
1952 -0.44% -
1951 1.85% -
1950 4.29% -
1949 0.72% -
1948 2% -
1947 -0.45% -
1946 -4.09% -
1945 -8.87% -
1944 -11.8% -
1943 -12.4% -
1942 -5.17% -
1941 -2.14% -
1940 0.51% -
1939 0.77% -
1938 0.24% -
1937 0.28% -
1936 0.17% -
1935 0.24% -
1934 0.28% -
1933 0.28% -
1932 0.02% -
1931 -0.8% -
1930 -1% -
1929 -0.53% -
1928 -0.69% -
1927 -0.5% -
1926 -0.31% -
1925 -0.26% -
1924 -0.5% -
1923 -0.33% -
1922 -0.94% -
1921 -2% -
1920 -2.43% -
1919 -4.8% -
1918 -4.36% -
1917 -4.99% -
1916 -3.47% -
1915 -1.11% -
1914 -0.29% -
1913 0% -
1912 0.12% -
1911 0.39% -
1910 0.39% -
1909 0.37% -
1908 -0.15% -
1907 0.41% -
1906 0.23% -
1905 0.11% -
1904 -0.13% -
1903 -0.02% -
1902 0.16% -
1901 1.46% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1901–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/australia/paraguay | CC BY

In 2024, Australia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $39.5B, equivalent to 2.25% of GDP. This compares to Paraguay's deficit of $942M, or 2.12% of GDP.

Over the past 58 years, Australia recorded a fiscal deficit in 48 of those years, while Paraguay ran a deficit in 28 years. On average, Australia posted an annual deficit equal to 2.21% of GDP, compared to surplus of 0.53% of GDP for Paraguay.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Australia

Paraguay
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Australia Paraguay
2024 3.16% 3.84%
2023 5.6% 4.63%
2022 6.59% 9.77%
2021 2.86% 4.79%
2020 0.85% 1.77%
2019 1.61% 2.76%
2018 1.91% 3.98%
2017 1.95% 3.6%
2016 1.28% 4.09%
2015 1.51% 3.13%
2014 2.49% 5.03%
2013 2.45% 2.68%
2012 1.76% 3.68%
2011 3.3% 8.25%
2010 2.92% 4.65%
2009 1.77% 2.59%
2008 4.35% 10.2%
2007 2.33% 8.13%
2006 3.56% 9.59%
2005 2.69% 6.81%
2004 2.34% 4.32%
2003 2.73% 14.2%
2002 2.98% 10.5%
2001 4.41% 7.27%
2000 4.46% 8.98%
1999 1.48% 6.75%
1998 0.86% 11.6%
1997 0.22% 6.95%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/australia/paraguay | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Australia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.66%, compared with 6.23% in Paraguay. In 2024, inflation was 3.16% in Australia and 3.84% in Paraguay.

Top exports between countries

Australia
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $333K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $316K
Raw agricultural goods $316K
Animal & marine products $84K
Wood & paper products $83K
Chemicals & pharma $70K
Metals $42K
Raw materials & minerals $36K
Textiles & consumer goods $20K
Miscellaneous $7K
Paraguay
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $6.6M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $252K
Textiles & consumer goods $190K
Wood & paper products $118K
Machinery & equipment $26K
Chemicals & pharma $21K
Metals $11K
Miscellaneous $4K
Precious metals & jewellery $1K

Balance of trade

Australia Paraguay
Current account balance
-$34.8B
2024
-$1.53B
2024
Current account balance ranking
187/190
2024
133/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.98%
2024
-3.44%
2024
Goods imports
$297B
2024
$15.8B
2024
Goods exports
$341B
2024
$14.9B
2024
Service imports
$109B
2024
$2.54B
2024
Service exports
$84.1B
2024
$2.65B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
22.5%
2024
39.6%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
24.6%
2024
37.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Australia Paraguay
Economic freedom 80.1 66.4
Economic freedom ranking 5/197 61/197
Property rights 88.2 44.2
Government integrity 88.1 27.3
Judicial effectiveness 96.3 38.4
Tax burden 61.8 95.9
Government spending 56.6 86.9
Fiscal health 89 83
Business freedom 92.3 72
Labor freedom 61.5 44.1
Monetary freedom 77.2 76.5
Trade freedom 89.8 78.4
Investment freedom 80 80
Financial freedom 80 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Australia
Paraguay
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Australia Paraguay
2026 80.1 66.4
2025 79.3 65.2
2024 76.2 60.1
2023 74.8 61
2022 77.7 62.9
2021 82.4 62.6
2020 82.6 63
2019 80.9 61.8
2018 80.9 62.1
2017 81 62.4
2016 80.3 61.5
2015 81.4 61.1
2014 82 62
2013 82.6 61.1
2012 83.1 61.8
2011 82.5 62.3
2010 82.6 61.3
2009 82.6 61
2008 82.2 60
2007 81.1 58.3
2006 79.9 55.6
2005 79 53.4
2004 77.9 56.7
2003 77.4 58.2
2002 77.3 59.6
2001 77.4 60.3
2000 77.1 64
1999 76.4 63.7
1998 75.6 65.2
1997 75.5 67.3
1996 74 67.1
1995 74.1 65.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/australia/paraguay | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Australia is 80.1, ranking 5/197, compared to 66.4 for Paraguay, ranking 61/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Australia Paraguay
Services, % of GDP
66.1%
2024
48.7%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
25.5%
2024
32.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
2.04%
2024
10.7%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$1.7T
2024
$43.7B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$69,600
2024
$17,930
2024
Total reserves including gold
$60.4B
2024
$9.89B
2023
Total reserves ranking
39/177
2024
76/177
2023
Net foreign direct investment
-$39.2B
2024
-$335M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$53.4B
2024
$1.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13.9B
2024
$166M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
4.58%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines n/a
20.1%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.3%
2024
22.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/australia/paraguay | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1901–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.