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Economy of Canada vs Paraguay compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Canada has a GDP of $2.24T compared to $44.5B for Paraguay, ranking 9/197 and 98/197 by economy size, respectively.

Canada has $2.5T in government debt (111.3% of GDP), compared to $19.9B (44.8% of GDP) in Paraguay.

Canada vs Paraguay GDP by year

Canada
Paraguay
1x
Year GDP, current $
Canada Paraguay
2024 $2,243,636,826,634 $44,458,118,397
2023 $2,173,339,670,064 $43,118,053,175
2022 $2,190,411,080,134 $41,952,910,858
2021 $2,022,378,748,423 $39,950,899,939
2020 $1,655,684,730,000 $35,432,178,068
2019 $1,743,725,183,673 $37,925,338,329
2018 $1,725,329,192,783 $40,225,448,341
2017 $1,649,265,644,244 $38,997,129,474
2016 $1,527,994,741,907 $36,089,700,223
2015 $1,556,508,816,217 $36,211,447,840
2014 $1,805,749,878,440 $40,377,929,296
2013 $1,846,597,421,835 $38,501,122,141
2012 $1,828,366,481,522 $33,271,921,136
2011 $1,793,326,630,175 $33,756,238,766
2010 $1,617,343,367,486 $27,260,886,405
2009 $1,374,625,142,157 $22,355,151,162
2008 $1,552,989,690,722 $24,615,267,664
2007 $1,468,820,407,783 $17,856,393,235
2006 $1,319,264,809,591 $13,429,430,050
2005 $1,173,108,598,779 $10,737,500,188
2004 $1,026,690,238,278 $9,624,440,836
2003 $895,540,646,635 $7,691,367,471
2002 $760,649,334,098 $7,196,260,657
2001 $738,981,792,355 $8,495,806,432
2000 $744,773,415,932 $8,855,705,140
1999 $678,412,196,271 $8,837,070,236
1998 $634,000,000,000 $9,260,481,572
1997 $654,986,999,856 $9,965,225,678
1996 $630,607,994,133 $9,788,391,781
1995 $605,961,090,061 $9,062,131,475
1994 $579,944,346,807 $7,870,982,005
1993 $579,053,561,739 $7,249,533,620
1992 $594,387,358,319 $7,157,424,031
1991 $612,527,712,316 $6,984,367,763
1990 $596,075,591,361 $5,812,114,523
1989 $567,211,993,243 $4,757,732,200
1988 $509,380,027,627 $4,255,683,528
1987 $433,134,238,311 $3,971,044,724
1986 $379,006,836,992 $3,723,993,943
1985 $366,186,012,450 $3,282,449,236
1984 $356,718,400,124 $4,502,462,807
1983 $341,866,277,183 $5,673,248,726
1982 $314,647,807,409 $5,419,411,765
1981 $307,246,642,756 $5,624,515,873
1980 $274,776,566,028 $4,448,087,302
1979 $243,891,124,296 $3,416,777,778
1978 $219,369,542,386 $2,559,857,143
1977 $212,325,176,305 $2,092,158,730
1976 $207,271,612,576 $1,698,960,317
1975 $174,419,757,177 $1,511,420,635
1974 $160,949,188,139 $1,333,475,397
1973 $131,764,343,566 $995,531,746
1972 $113,463,848,874 $769,039,683
1971 $99,606,454,744 $664,571,429
1970 $88,192,257,632 $594,611,111
1969 $79,405,011,125 $556,293,651
1968 $72,048,833,006 $517,650,794
1967 $65,856,924,424 $492,674,603
1966 $61,252,415,405 $465,888,889
1965 $54,649,410,479 $443,587,302
1964 $49,503,663,836 $408,349,206
1963 $45,140,337,827 $383,904,762
1962 $42,336,211,556 $360,698,413
1961 $41,038,192,838 $322,053,713
1960 $40,563,768,947 $288,884,368

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/paraguay | CC BY

GDP per capita in Canada vs Paraguay by year

Canada
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Paraguay
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Canada Paraguay
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $54,340 $64,610 $6,416 $18,524
2023 $54,220 $64,219 $6,300 $17,564
2022 $56,257 $63,944 $6,206 $16,347
2021 $52,887 $56,995 $5,977 $15,406
2020 $43,538 $48,591 $5,365 $14,309
2019 $46,353 $50,499 $5,821 $14,150
2018 $46,539 $49,983 $6,258 $14,139
2017 $45,130 $48,317 $6,152 $13,977
2016 $42,314 $46,471 $5,775 $13,329
2015 $43,594 $44,668 $5,879 $12,679
2014 $50,961 $45,758 $6,652 $12,607
2013 $52,638 $44,301 $6,436 $12,137
2012 $52,670 $42,292 $5,642 $10,954
2011 $52,224 $41,667 $5,805 $11,442
2010 $47,561 $40,103 $4,751 $10,893
2009 $40,875 $38,863 $3,942 $9,802
2008 $46,710 $40,376 $4,385 $9,867
2007 $44,660 $39,573 $3,212 $9,179
2006 $40,504 $38,123 $2,439 $8,561
2005 $36,384 $36,328 $1,971 $8,007
2004 $32,146 $33,929 $1,786 $7,686
2003 $28,302 $32,350 $1,444 $7,276
2002 $24,256 $30,964 $1,368 $6,924
2001 $23,822 $30,241 $1,638 $6,916
2000 $24,271 $29,348 $1,736 $6,937
1999 $22,315 $27,841 $1,766 $7,080
1998 $21,025 $26,324 $1,890 $7,227
1997 $21,902 $25,264 $2,079 $7,299
1996 $21,297 $24,055 $2,088 $7,040
1995 $20,680 $23,474 $1,979 $6,966
1994 $19,998 $22,624 $1,760 $6,542
1993 $20,187 $21,432 $1,662 $6,234
1992 $20,950 $20,619 $1,683 $5,952
1991 $21,847 $20,220 $1,685 $5,873
1990 $21,526 $20,226 $1,440 $5,637
1989 $20,795 - $1,211 -
1988 $19,013 - $1,114 -
1987 $16,378 - $1,069 -
1986 $14,521 - $1,031 -
1985 $14,170 - $935 -
1984 $13,930 - $1,319 -
1983 $13,477 - $1,710 -
1982 $12,527 - $1,680 -
1981 $12,379 - $1,793 -
1980 $11,208 - $1,457 -
1979 $10,078 - $1,149 -
1978 $9,154 - $883 -
1977 $8,949 - $740 -
1976 $8,839 - $616 -
1975 $7,537 - $562 -
1974 $7,057 - $508 -
1973 $5,858 - $389 -
1972 $5,107 - $308 -
1971 $4,535 - $272.1 -
1970 $4,136 - $249 -
1969 $3,776 - $238.2 -
1968 $3,473 - $226.8 -
1967 $3,226 - $220.9 -
1966 $3,055 - $213.9 -
1965 $2,777 - $208.7 -
1964 $2,562 - $197 -
1963 $2,380 - $189.9 -
1962 $2,274 - $182.8 -
1961 $2,246 - $167.1 -
1960 $2,265 - $153.4 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/paraguay | CC BY

Canada's GDP per capita is $54,340, ranking 20/197, compared to $6,416 in Paraguay, ranking 109/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Canada ranks 28th at $64,610, while Paraguay ranks 102nd at $18,524.

Economic indicators

Canada Paraguay
Gross domestic product
$2.24T
2024
$44.5B
2024
GDP rank
9/197
2024
98/197
2024
GDP growth
1.55%
2023-2024
4.25%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$54,340
2024
$6,416
2024
GDP per capita rank
20/197
2024
109/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$64,610
2024
$18,524
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
28/197
2024
102/197
2024
Government debt
$2.5T
2024
$19.9B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
111.3%
2024
44.8%
2024
Government debt per person
$60,482
2024
$2,872
2024
Government debt per person rank
4/185
2024
103/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$37,320
2026
$6,136
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$3.37T
2024
$313M
1999
Number of millionaires
2,098,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
76
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.1%
2021
35%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
3.3%
2021
2%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44.7%
2024
21%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.38%
2023-2024
3.84%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
2.25%
2025
6%
2024
Unemployment rate
6.35%
2024
5.69%
2024
Population
42181965
7120169

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Canada
Spending

Debt
Paraguay
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Canada Paraguay
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 44.7% 111.3% 21% 44.8%
2023 42.1% 107.7% 21.5% 41.1%
2022 40.6% 104.2% 20.2% 40.5%
2021 45.5% 112.6% 20.4% 37.5%
2020 52.4% 118.1% 22.6% 36.9%
2019 40.6% 90.2% 20.1% 25.8%
2018 40.7% 90.8% 18.5% 22.3%
2017 40.5% 90.9% 18.1% 19.8%
2016 40.8% 92.4% 17.7% 19.4%
2015 40% 92% 18% 18.6%
2014 38.4% 85.5% 17.1% 15.6%
2013 40% 87.6% 17.1% 13.5%
2012 40.9% 87.2% 17.6% 12.3%
2011 41.6% 84.3% 14.7% 11.1%
2010 43.1% 84% 13.3% 13%
2009 43.4% 81.8% 14.3% 14.9%
2008 38.8% 70.4% 11.8% 16%
2007 38.5% 67.2% 13.1% 16.8%
2006 38.7% 69.9% 14.1% 21%
2005 38.5% 70.6% 14% 28.3%
2004 39.1% 71.9% 14% 36%
2003 40.3% 75.9% 14.6% 37.5%
2002 40.4% 79.6% 17.6% 50.5%
2001 41.1% 81.5% 19% 37.1%
2000 40.6% 80.4% 19.6% 33.6%
1999 41.8% 89% 19.2% 32%
1998 43.4% 93.3% 18% 22.1%
1997 43.5% 95.3% 18.1% 18%
1996 45.9% 100.2% 16.9% 16.8%
1995 47.7% 100.1% 15.7% 17.6%
1994 49% 97.5% 14.5% 18.7%
1993 51.5% 94.7% 12.9% 26.6%
1992 52.5% 88.2% 13% 34.4%
1991 51.4% 81.7% 11.4% 49.4%
1990 48.1% 73.7% 10.5% 67%
1989 45.8% 72.2% 11.8% 52.9%
1988 45.4% 71.1% 9.75% 58.9%
1987 46.1% 71.4% 10.1% 68.7%
1986 47.6% 71% 9.25% 57.1%
1985 48.3% 66.9% 11.4% 54.7%
1984 47.5% 61.7% 13% 31%
1983 47.9% 58.4% 13% 22.6%
1982 47.3% 52.7% 13.2% 21.3%
1981 42.5% 46.9% 13.3% 17.4%
1980 41.6% 45.6% 11.6% 17.4%
1979 40% 45.3% 11.7% 19.7%
1978 41.6% 48% 11.9% 20.9%
1977 41.4% 45.1% 11.2% 18.8%
1976 40.2% 43.6% 9.8% 14.1%
1975 41.1% 45.2% 10.5% 12.6%
1974 37.6% 45.8% 9.44% 12.5%
1973 36% 48% 11.2% 15.4%
1972 37.5% 53.5% 12.5% 18.2%
1971 37.3% 55.3% 12.3% 18.9%
1970 36% 54.3% 13.3% 19.2%
1969 33.9% 53% 14% -
1968 33.8% 55.9% 13.5% -
1967 32.9% 56.9% 12.2% -
1966 30.8% 56.6% - -
1965 29.8% 60.1% - -
1964 29.7% 63.7% - -
1963 30.3% 67% - -
1962 30.6% 67.2% - -
1961 30.6% 68.2% - -
1960 14.9% 66.1% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/paraguay | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government spending was $1T, accounting for 44.7% of its GDP, while Paraguay spent $9.33B, or 21% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 111.3% in Canada and 44.8% in Paraguay, ranking 15/185 and 120/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Canada

Paraguay
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Canada Paraguay
2024 -2.01% -2.12%
2023 0.07% -3.81%
2022 0.56% -2.64%
2021 -3.06% -3.39%
2020 -10.9% -5.72%
2019 -0.02% -2.44%
2018 0.36% -1.01%
2017 -0.11% -0.44%
2016 -0.45% -0.37%
2015 -0.06% -0.44%
2014 0.17% -0.27%
2013 -1.49% -1.16%
2012 -2.52% -0.58%
2011 -3.31% 1.29%
2010 -4.74% 1.54%
2009 -3.88% 0.59%
2008 0.18% 2.29%
2007 1.82% 1.27%
2006 1.83% 0.91%
2005 1.55% 0.74%
2004 0.77% 1.33%
2003 -0.13% -0.07%
2002 -0.23% -1.89%
2001 0.53% 0.07%
2000 2.64% -0.55%
1999 1.66% 2.67%
1998 0.14% 4.28%
1997 0.04% 3%
1996 -3.05% 2.43%
1995 -5.49% 2.78%
1994 -6.94% 4.59%
1993 -8.93% 4.27%
1992 -9.2% 3.1%
1991 -8.36% 3.41%
1990 -5.91% 7.56%
1989 -4.6% 5.48%
1988 -4.33% 3.01%
1987 -5.42% 2.68%
1986 -7.14% 3.08%
1985 -8.59% 0.85%
1984 -7.78% -0.42%
1983 -8.17% 0.27%
1982 -7.03% 1.52%
1981 -2.83% 0.15%
1980 -4.07% 3.4%
1979 -3.41% 4.13%
1978 -4.77% -3.42%
1977 -4.1% -0.19%
1976 -2.78% -0.06%
1975 -3.54% -1.24%
1974 1.1% 1.67%
1973 0.6% -0.91%
1972 -0.97% -2.51%
1971 -1.02% -1.25%
1970 -0.36% -1.26%
1969 1.2% -1.62%
1968 -0.45% -2.34%
1967 -0.82% -1.7%
1966 -0.07% -
1965 -0.25% -
1964 -0.68% -
1963 -2.31% -
1962 -2.6% -
1961 -2.75% -
1960 -0.85% -
1959 -1.08% -
1958 -1.69% -
1957 -0.11% -
1956 0.77% -
1955 -0.11% -
1954 -0.57% -
1953 0.3% -
1952 0.09% -
1951 1.1% -
1950 1.09% -
1949 0.78% -
1948 3.84% -
1947 5.02% -
1946 3.14% -
1945 -17.9% -
1944 -21.6% -
1943 -23.1% -
1942 -20.8% -
1941 -4.79% -
1940 -5.62% -
1939 -2.11% -
1938 -0.97% -
1937 -0.34% -
1936 -1.68% -
1935 -3.72% -
1934 -2.93% -
1933 -3.83% -
1932 -5.79% -
1931 -2.43% -
1930 -1.47% -
1929 0.78% -
1928 1.12% -
1927 0.92% -
1926 0.81% -
1925 0.55% -
1924 0.007% -
1923 0.79% -
1922 -0.75% -
1921 -2% -
1920 -1.82% -
1919 -8.94% -
1918 -8.98% -
1917 -7.83% -
1916 -8.14% -
1915 -6.17% -
1914 -4.63% -
1913 -0.82% -
1912 1.03% -
1911 0.004% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 -0.67% -
1908 -2.78% -
1907 -0.83% -
1906 0.22% -
1905 -0.07% -
1904 -0.44% -
1903 0.07% -
1902 0.91% -
1901 -0.34% -
1900 -0.33% -
1899 0.1% -
1898 -0.3% -
1897 -0.35% -
1896 -0.48% -
1895 -0.85% -
1894 -1.06% -
1893 -0.66% -
1892 -0.07% -
1891 3.23% -
1890 -0.04% -
1889 0% -
1888 -0.48% -
1887 -1.18% -
1886 -0.73% -
1885 -4.82% -
1884 -2.43% -
1883 -3.88% -
1882 -0.78% -
1881 0.32% -
1880 -0.62% -
1879 -2.11% -
1878 -0.63% -
1877 -1.63% -
1876 -2.06% -
1875 -1.88% -
1874 -1.57% -
1873 -1.74% -
1872 -3.93% -
1871 -1.09% -
1870 0.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/paraguay | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $45.2B, equivalent to 2.01% of GDP. This compares to Paraguay's deficit of $942M, or 2.12% of GDP.

Over the past 58 years, Canada recorded a fiscal deficit in 41 of those years, while Paraguay ran a deficit in 28 years. On average, Canada posted an annual deficit equal to 2.55% of GDP, compared to surplus of 0.53% of GDP for Paraguay.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Canada

Paraguay
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Canada Paraguay
2024 2.38% 3.84%
2023 3.88% 4.63%
2022 6.8% 9.77%
2021 3.4% 4.79%
2020 0.72% 1.77%
2019 1.95% 2.76%
2018 2.27% 3.98%
2017 1.6% 3.6%
2016 1.43% 4.09%
2015 1.13% 3.13%
2014 1.91% 5.03%
2013 0.94% 2.68%
2012 1.52% 3.68%
2011 2.91% 8.25%
2010 1.78% 4.65%
2009 0.3% 2.59%
2008 2.37% 10.2%
2007 2.14% 8.13%
2006 2% 9.59%
2005 2.21% 6.81%
2004 1.86% 4.32%
2003 2.76% 14.2%
2002 2.26% 10.5%
2001 2.53% 7.27%
2000 2.72% 8.98%
1999 1.73% 6.75%
1998 1% 11.6%
1997 1.62% 6.95%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/paraguay | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Canada has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.15%, compared with 6.23% in Paraguay. In 2024, inflation was 2.38% in Canada and 3.84% in Paraguay.

Top exports between countries

Canada
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $13.1M
Chemicals & pharma $3.45M
Precious metals & jewellery $2.41M
Wood & paper products $1.03M
Raw materials & minerals $678K
Metals $609K
Textiles & consumer goods $544K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $304K
Miscellaneous $277K
Animal & marine products $254K
Paraguay
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $35.3M
Raw agricultural goods $4.46M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $3.64M
Wood & paper products $1.72M
Machinery & equipment $1.5M
Metals $1.45M
Precious metals & jewellery $553K
Textiles & consumer goods $171K
Miscellaneous $5K
Chemicals & pharma $4K

Balance of trade

Canada Paraguay
Current account balance
-$10.3B
2024
-$1.53B
2024
Current account balance ranking
177/190
2024
133/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.46%
2024
-3.44%
2024
Goods imports
$574B
2024
$15.8B
2024
Goods exports
$569B
2024
$14.9B
2024
Service imports
$160B
2024
$2.54B
2024
Service exports
$159B
2024
$2.65B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.7%
2024
39.6%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.4%
2024
37.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Canada Paraguay
Economic freedom 75.6 66.4
Economic freedom ranking 17/197 61/197
Property rights 85.9 44.2
Government integrity 85.5 27.3
Judicial effectiveness 96 38.4
Tax burden 74.7 95.9
Government spending 45.9 86.9
Fiscal health 79.7 83
Business freedom 84.2 72
Labor freedom 68.3 44.1
Monetary freedom 73.8 76.5
Trade freedom 83.2 78.4
Investment freedom 60 80
Financial freedom 70 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Canada
Paraguay
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Canada Paraguay
2026 75.6 66.4
2025 75.5 65.2
2024 72.4 60.1
2023 73.7 61
2022 76.6 62.9
2021 77.9 62.6
2020 78.2 63
2019 77.7 61.8
2018 77.7 62.1
2017 78.5 62.4
2016 78 61.5
2015 79.1 61.1
2014 80.2 62
2013 79.4 61.1
2012 79.9 61.8
2011 80.8 62.3
2010 80.4 61.3
2009 80.5 61
2008 80.2 60
2007 78 58.3
2006 77.4 55.6
2005 75.8 53.4
2004 75.3 56.7
2003 74.8 58.2
2002 74.6 59.6
2001 71.2 60.3
2000 70.5 64
1999 69.3 63.7
1998 68.5 65.2
1997 67.9 67.3
1996 70.3 67.1
1995 69.4 65.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/paraguay | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Canada is 75.6, ranking 17/197, compared to 66.4 for Paraguay, ranking 61/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Canada Paraguay
Services, % of GDP
66.4%
2021
48.7%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
25.3%
2021
32.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.6%
2021
10.7%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.2T
2024
$43.7B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$63,630
2024
$17,930
2024
Total reserves including gold
$120B
2024
$9.89B
2023
Total reserves ranking
23/177
2024
76/177
2023
Net foreign direct investment
$27.8B
2024
-$335M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$63.1B
2024
$1.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$89.4B
2024
$166M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
4.58%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
9.4%
2020
20.1%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
22.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/paraguay | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.