Skip to content

Economy of Netherlands vs Paraguay compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

The Netherlands has a GDP of $1.21T compared to $44.5B for Paraguay, ranking 19/197 and 98/197 by economy size, respectively.

The Netherlands has $532B in government debt (43.8% of GDP), compared to $19.9B (44.8% of GDP) in Paraguay.

Netherlands vs Paraguay GDP by year

Netherlands
Paraguay
1x
Year GDP, current $
Netherlands Paraguay
2024 $1,214,927,698,573 $44,458,118,397
2023 $1,135,475,867,551 $43,118,053,175
2022 $1,046,540,797,549 $41,952,910,858
2021 $1,054,472,123,450 $39,950,899,939
2020 $932,560,861,701 $35,432,178,068
2019 $928,903,005,576 $37,925,338,329
2018 $929,733,599,797 $40,225,448,341
2017 $848,233,537,846 $38,997,129,474
2016 $797,163,949,290 $36,089,700,223
2015 $775,743,675,303 $36,211,447,840
2014 $901,556,501,756 $40,377,929,296
2013 $883,951,539,007 $38,501,122,141
2012 $845,689,017,066 $33,271,921,136
2011 $913,140,741,333 $33,756,238,766
2010 $852,464,982,433 $27,260,886,405
2009 $878,954,223,140 $22,355,151,162
2008 $957,901,566,041 $24,615,267,664
2007 $853,499,460,873 $17,856,393,235
2006 $737,593,995,289 $13,429,430,050
2005 $688,133,699,636 $10,737,500,188
2004 $661,224,886,143 $9,624,440,836
2003 $582,435,617,082 $7,691,367,471
2002 $475,529,972,123 $7,196,260,657
2001 $432,536,219,669 $8,495,806,432
2000 $417,649,282,154 $8,855,705,140
1999 $447,778,514,140 $8,837,070,236
1998 $438,612,530,549 $9,260,481,572
1997 $417,506,211,882 $9,965,225,678
1996 $451,372,549,020 $9,788,391,781
1995 $452,967,334,614 $9,062,131,475
1994 $379,688,232,232 $7,870,982,005
1993 $354,070,495,966 $7,249,533,620
1992 $363,497,050,125 $7,157,424,031
1991 $327,982,316,124 $6,984,367,763
1990 $318,799,003,994 $5,812,114,523
1989 $258,716,904,292 $4,757,732,200
1988 $262,295,966,105 $4,255,683,528
1987 $245,406,949,521 $3,971,044,724
1986 $201,157,708,221 $3,723,993,943
1985 $144,057,523,222 $3,282,449,236
1984 $144,124,462,912 $4,502,462,807
1983 $153,671,294,109 $5,673,248,726
1982 $158,712,765,536 $5,419,411,765
1981 $164,375,775,854 $5,624,515,873
1980 $195,439,301,707 $4,448,087,302
1979 $179,933,827,310 $3,416,777,778
1978 $156,089,077,205 $2,559,857,143
1977 $127,203,923,857 $2,092,158,730
1976 $109,329,386,564 $1,698,960,317
1975 $100,397,061,694 $1,511,420,635
1974 $87,371,810,804 $1,333,475,397
1973 $71,946,639,603 $995,531,746
1972 $54,787,070,173 $769,039,683
1971 $44,644,730,576 $664,571,429
1970 $38,220,884,519 $594,611,111
1969 $34,086,038,090 $556,293,651
1968 $30,097,635,751 $517,650,794
1967 $27,143,828,099 $492,674,603
1966 $24,741,480,717 $465,888,889
1965 $22,721,869,808 $443,587,302
1964 $20,232,048,553 $408,349,206
1963 $17,193,744,109 $383,904,762
1962 $15,847,582,341 $360,698,413
1961 $14,599,836,396 $322,053,713
1960 $13,282,979,015 $288,884,368

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/netherlands/paraguay | CC BY

GDP per capita in Netherlands vs Paraguay by year

Netherlands
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Paraguay
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Netherlands Paraguay
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $67,520 $86,174 $6,416 $18,524
2023 $63,516 $81,729 $6,300 $17,564
2022 $59,123 $78,630 $6,206 $16,347
2021 $60,142 $68,574 $5,977 $15,406
2020 $53,468 $62,597 $5,365 $14,309
2019 $53,555 $62,345 $5,821 $14,150
2018 $53,955 $58,819 $6,258 $14,139
2017 $49,514 $56,038 $6,152 $13,977
2016 $46,809 $53,162 $5,775 $13,329
2015 $45,794 $50,957 $5,879 $12,679
2014 $53,457 $49,751 $6,652 $12,607
2013 $52,602 $49,622 $6,436 $12,137
2012 $50,474 $47,653 $5,642 $10,954
2011 $54,702 $47,004 $5,805 $11,442
2010 $51,306 $45,301 $4,751 $10,893
2009 $53,172 $44,959 $3,942 $9,802
2008 $58,247 $46,714 $4,385 $9,867
2007 $52,101 $44,203 $3,212 $9,179
2006 $45,124 $41,208 $2,439 $8,561
2005 $42,165 $37,778 $1,971 $8,007
2004 $40,611 $35,961 $1,786 $7,686
2003 $35,897 $34,286 $1,444 $7,276
2002 $29,447 $34,568 $1,368 $6,924
2001 $26,956 $33,259 $1,638 $6,916
2000 $26,225 $31,895 $1,736 $6,937
1999 $28,319 $29,316 $1,766 $7,080
1998 $27,924 $27,749 $1,890 $7,227
1997 $26,745 $26,062 $2,079 $7,299
1996 $29,064 $24,564 $2,088 $7,040
1995 $29,301 $23,480 $1,979 $6,966
1994 $24,683 $22,414 $1,760 $6,542
1993 $23,156 $21,443 $1,662 $6,234
1992 $23,939 $20,831 $1,683 $5,952
1991 $21,764 $20,177 $1,685 $5,873
1990 $21,322 $19,203 $1,440 $5,637
1989 $17,423 - $1,211 -
1988 $17,771 - $1,114 -
1987 $16,734 - $1,069 -
1986 $13,804 - $1,031 -
1985 $9,941 - $935 -
1984 $9,992 - $1,319 -
1983 $10,696 - $1,710 -
1982 $11,089 - $1,680 -
1981 $11,537 - $1,793 -
1980 $13,812 - $1,457 -
1979 $12,817 - $1,149 -
1978 $11,196 - $883 -
1977 $9,180 - $740 -
1976 $7,937 - $616 -
1975 $7,346 - $562 -
1974 $6,450 - $508 -
1973 $5,353 - $389 -
1972 $4,110 - $308 -
1971 $3,384 - $272.1 -
1970 $2,931 - $249 -
1969 $2,647 - $238.2 -
1968 $2,364 - $226.8 -
1967 $2,155 - $220.9 -
1966 $1,986 - $213.9 -
1965 $1,848 - $208.7 -
1964 $1,668 - $197 -
1963 $1,437 - $189.9 -
1962 $1,342 - $182.8 -
1961 $1,254 - $167.1 -
1960 $1,156 - $153.4 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/netherlands/paraguay | CC BY

The Netherlands' GDP per capita is $67,520, ranking 13/197, compared to $6,416 in Paraguay, ranking 109/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the Netherlands ranks 11th at $86,174, while Paraguay ranks 102nd at $18,524.

Economic indicators

Netherlands Paraguay
Gross domestic product
$1.21T
2024
$44.5B
2024
GDP rank
19/197
2024
98/197
2024
GDP growth
1.08%
2023-2024
4.25%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$67,520
2024
$6,416
2024
GDP per capita rank
13/197
2024
109/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$86,174
2024
$18,524
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
11/197
2024
102/197
2024
Government debt
$532B
2024
$19.9B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
43.8%
2024
44.8%
2024
Government debt per person
$29,571
2024
$2,872
2024
Government debt per person rank
24/185
2024
103/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$47,815
2026
$6,136
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$1.1T
2017
$313M
1999
Number of millionaires
1,267,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
13
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
21.4%
2021
35%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2021
2%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44.4%
2024
21%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.35%
2023-2024
3.84%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
6%
2024
Unemployment rate
3.64%
2024
5.69%
2024
Population
18252623
7120169

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Netherlands
Spending

Debt
Paraguay
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Netherlands Paraguay
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 44.4% 43.8% 21% 44.8%
2023 44% 45.9% 21.5% 41.1%
2022 43.3% 48.4% 20.2% 40.5%
2021 45.9% 50.5% 20.4% 37.5%
2020 47.8% 53.4% 22.6% 36.9%
2019 42.1% 47.7% 20.1% 25.8%
2018 42.4% 51.6% 18.5% 22.3%
2017 42.8% 56% 18.1% 19.8%
2016 43.9% 60.9% 17.7% 19.4%
2015 45.3% 63.8% 18% 18.6%
2014 46.7% 67.2% 17.1% 15.6%
2013 47.5% 67.2% 17.1% 13.5%
2012 47.6% 65.7% 17.6% 12.3%
2011 47.8% 61.2% 14.7% 11.1%
2010 48.9% 58.9% 13.3% 13%
2009 48.4% 56.3% 14.3% 14.9%
2008 44.3% 54.4% 11.8% 16%
2007 43.3% 42.7% 13.1% 16.8%
2006 44% 45% 14.1% 21%
2005 43.4% 49.6% 14% 28.3%
2004 44.7% 50.1% 14% 36%
2003 45.8% 49.8% 14.6% 37.5%
2002 44.8% 48.7% 17.6% 50.5%
2001 44.1% 49.4% 19% 37.1%
2000 43.2% 52.2% 19.6% 33.6%
1999 44.3% 58.6% 19.2% 32%
1998 44.6% 62.7% 18% 22.1%
1997 45.7% 65.7% 18.1% 18%
1996 47.3% 71.2% 16.9% 16.8%
1995 53.9% 73% 15.7% 17.6%
1994 49.4% 73.5% 14.5% 18.7%
1993 50.9% 76.7% 12.9% 26.6%
1992 50.2% 75.6% 13% 34.4%
1991 49.6% 74.8% 11.4% 49.4%
1990 48.8% 75% 10.5% 67%
1989 54.5% 73.7% 11.8% 52.9%
1988 56.4% 73.7% 9.75% 58.9%
1987 58.5% 71.3% 10.1% 68.7%
1986 57% 68.9% 9.25% 57.1%
1985 57.3% 67.1% 11.4% 54.7%
1984 58.1% 61.9% 13% 31%
1983 59.1% 58.4% 13% 22.6%
1982 59.1% 52.4% 13.2% 21.3%
1981 56.8% 46.9% 13.3% 17.4%
1980 55.2% 43.6% 11.6% 17.4%
1979 53.7% 39.5% 11.7% 19.7%
1978 52.3% 38.1% 11.9% 20.9%
1977 50.6% 34.9% 11.2% 18.8%
1976 50.8% 35.2% 9.8% 14.1%
1975 50.8% 36.1% 10.5% 12.6%
1974 46.4% 36.3% 9.44% 12.5%
1973 44.6% 38.1% 11.2% 15.4%
1972 44.9% 41.3% 12.5% 18.2%
1971 44.6% 43.7% 12.3% 18.9%
1970 43.2% 46.1% 13.3% 19.2%
1969 42.1% 48.2% 14% -
1968 25.4% 54.4% 13.5% -
1967 24.1% 55% 12.2% -
1966 24.4% 55.6% - -
1965 23.4% 55.8% - -
1964 22.3% 57.1% - -
1963 21.9% 61.7% - -
1962 22.1% 63.8% - -
1961 22.2% 65.9% - -
1960 20.4% 66.7% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/netherlands/paraguay | CC BY

In 2024, the Netherlands' government spending was $540B, accounting for 44.4% of its GDP, while Paraguay spent $9.33B, or 21% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 43.8% in the Netherlands and 44.8% in Paraguay, ranking 123/185 and 120/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Netherlands

Paraguay
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Netherlands Paraguay
2024 -0.94% -2.12%
2023 -0.37% -3.81%
2022 0.002% -2.64%
2021 -2.26% -3.39%
2020 -3.72% -5.72%
2019 1.91% -2.44%
2018 1.49% -1.01%
2017 1.35% -0.44%
2016 0.23% -0.37%
2015 -1.84% -0.44%
2014 -2.17% -0.27%
2013 -2.87% -1.16%
2012 -3.83% -0.58%
2011 -4.42% 1.29%
2010 -5.3% 1.54%
2009 -5.06% 0.59%
2008 -0.06% 2.29%
2007 -0.16% 1.27%
2006 0.04% 0.91%
2005 -0.51% 0.74%
2004 -1.82% 1.33%
2003 -3.19% -0.07%
2002 -2.23% -1.89%
2001 -0.47% 0.07%
2000 1.14% -0.55%
1999 0.28% 2.67%
1998 -1.34% 4.28%
1997 -1.6% 3%
1996 -1.91% 2.43%
1995 -8.72% 2.78%
1994 -3.53% 4.59%
1993 -3.13% 4.27%
1992 -3.12% 3.1%
1991 -2.05% 3.41%
1990 -4.08% 7.56%
1989 -5% 5.48%
1988 -4.23% 3.01%
1987 -5.39% 2.68%
1986 -4.62% 3.08%
1985 -3.6% 0.85%
1984 -5.25% -0.42%
1983 -5.47% 0.27%
1982 -6.17% 1.52%
1981 -4.92% 0.15%
1980 -3.95% 3.4%
1979 -2.46% 4.13%
1978 -2.09% -3.42%
1977 -0.75% -0.19%
1976 -2.02% -0.06%
1975 -2.82% -1.24%
1974 -0.26% 1.67%
1973 0.54% -0.91%
1972 -0.7% -2.51%
1971 -1.58% -1.25%
1970 -1.52% -1.26%
1969 -1.14% -1.62%
1968 -3.06% -2.34%
1967 -1.97% -1.7%
1966 -2.37% -
1965 -1.15% -
1964 -1.2% -
1963 -0.54% -
1962 -1.38% -
1961 -0.38% -
1960 0.9% -
1959 -0.74% -
1958 -0.89% -
1957 0.3% -
1956 -0.83% -
1955 -0.25% -
1954 0.76% -
1953 -2.95% -
1952 2.19% -
1951 2.13% -
1950 0.81% -
1949 2.3% -
1948 - -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 -3.19% -
1938 -0.37% -
1937 0.02% -
1936 -0.41% -
1935 -0.69% -
1934 -0.92% -
1933 -2.55% -
1932 -1.97% -
1931 -1.66% -
1930 -0.55% -
1929 -1.16% -
1928 -0.62% -
1927 -0.33% -
1926 -0.78% -
1925 -2.04% -
1924 -3.37% -
1923 -2.62% -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 -0.45% -
1912 -0.47% -
1911 -0.13% -
1910 -0.93% -
1909 -0.34% -
1908 -0.57% -
1907 0.03% -
1906 0.16% -
1905 0.1% -
1904 -0.72% -
1903 0.09% -
1902 -0.14% -
1901 0.03% -
1900 0.06% -
1899 -0.13% -
1898 -0.48% -
1897 -0.45% -
1896 0.08% -
1895 -0.06% -
1894 0.12% -
1893 -0.76% -
1892 -1.72% -
1891 -0.06% -
1890 -0.06% -
1889 0.04% -
1888 -0.31% -
1887 -0.37% -
1886 -0.08% -
1885 -0.55% -
1884 0% -
1883 -2.1% -
1882 -1.11% -
1881 -1.06% -
1880 0.21% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/netherlands/paraguay | CC BY

In 2024, the Netherlands' government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $11.5B, equivalent to 0.94% of GDP. This compares to Paraguay's deficit of $942M, or 2.12% of GDP.

Over the past 58 years, the Netherlands recorded a fiscal deficit in 49 of those years, while Paraguay ran a deficit in 28 years. On average, the Netherlands posted an annual deficit equal to 2.29% of GDP, compared to surplus of 0.53% of GDP for Paraguay.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Netherlands

Paraguay
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Netherlands Paraguay
2024 3.35% 3.84%
2023 3.84% 4.63%
2022 10% 9.77%
2021 2.68% 4.79%
2020 1.27% 1.77%
2019 2.63% 2.76%
2018 1.7% 3.98%
2017 1.38% 3.6%
2016 0.32% 4.09%
2015 0.6% 3.13%
2014 0.98% 5.03%
2013 2.51% 2.68%
2012 2.46% 3.68%
2011 2.34% 8.25%
2010 1.28% 4.65%
2009 1.19% 2.59%
2008 2.49% 10.2%
2007 1.61% 8.13%
2006 1.1% 9.59%
2005 1.69% 6.81%
2004 1.26% 4.32%
2003 2.09% 14.2%
2002 3.29% 10.5%
2001 4.16% 7.27%
2000 2.36% 8.98%
1999 2.16% 6.75%
1998 1.96% 11.6%
1997 2.11% 6.95%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/netherlands/paraguay | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, the Netherlands has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.31%, compared with 6.23% in Paraguay. In 2024, inflation was 3.35% in the Netherlands and 3.84% in Paraguay.

Top exports between countries

Netherlands
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $53.1M
Raw materials & minerals $16.7M
Chemicals & pharma $14.9M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $10.2M
Raw agricultural goods $1.47M
Textiles & consumer goods $821K
Metals $571K
Wood & paper products $475K
Precious metals & jewellery $400K
Animal & marine products $151K
Paraguay
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $109M
Raw agricultural goods $20.7M
Chemicals & pharma $17.6M
Animal & marine products $8.51M
Metals $6.56M
Wood & paper products $4M
Textiles & consumer goods $689K
Machinery & equipment $160K
Precious metals & jewellery $10K

Balance of trade

Netherlands Paraguay
Current account balance
$111B
2024
-$1.53B
2024
Current account balance ranking
5/190
2024
133/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+9.13%
2024
-3.44%
2024
Goods imports
$606B
2024
$15.8B
2024
Goods exports
$693B
2024
$14.9B
2024
Service imports
$262B
2024
$2.54B
2024
Service exports
$308B
2024
$2.65B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
71.4%
2024
39.6%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
82.4%
2024
37.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Netherlands Paraguay
Economic freedom 78.5 66.4
Economic freedom ranking 11/197 61/197
Property rights 96 44.2
Government integrity 86.8 27.3
Judicial effectiveness 96.1 38.4
Tax burden 54 95.9
Government spending 42.2 86.9
Fiscal health 95.9 83
Business freedom 85 72
Labor freedom 59.3 44.1
Monetary freedom 77 76.5
Trade freedom 79.4 78.4
Investment freedom 90 80
Financial freedom 80 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Netherlands
Paraguay
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Netherlands Paraguay
2026 78.5 66.4
2025 78.2 65.2
2024 77.3 60.1
2023 78 61
2022 79.5 62.9
2021 76.8 62.6
2020 77 63
2019 76.8 61.8
2018 76.2 62.1
2017 75.8 62.4
2016 74.6 61.5
2015 73.7 61.1
2014 74.2 62
2013 73.5 61.1
2012 73.3 61.8
2011 74.7 62.3
2010 75 61.3
2009 77 61
2008 77.4 60
2007 75.5 58.3
2006 75.4 55.6
2005 72.9 53.4
2004 74.5 56.7
2003 74.6 58.2
2002 75.1 59.6
2001 73 60.3
2000 70.4 64
1999 70.2 63.7
1998 69.2 65.2
1997 70.4 67.3
1996 69.7 67.1
1995 - 65.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/netherlands/paraguay | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the Netherlands is 78.5, ranking 11/197, compared to 66.4 for Paraguay, ranking 61/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Netherlands Paraguay
Services, % of GDP
70.5%
2024
48.7%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
17.5%
2024
32.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.73%
2024
10.7%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$1.12T
2024
$43.7B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$84,970
2024
$17,930
2024
Total reserves including gold
$79.1B
2024
$9.89B
2023
Total reserves ranking
34/177
2024
76/177
2023
Net foreign direct investment
$11.1B
2024
-$335M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$17.1B
2024
$1.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$5.93B
2024
$166M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
4.58%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.5%
2021
20.1%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
19.7%
2024
22.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/netherlands/paraguay | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.