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Economy of Belgium vs Paraguay compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Belgium has a GDP of $671B compared to $44.5B for Paraguay, ranking 23/197 and 98/197 by economy size, respectively.

Belgium has $703B in government debt (104.7% of GDP), compared to $19.9B (44.8% of GDP) in Paraguay.

Belgium vs Paraguay GDP by year

Belgium
Paraguay
1x
Year GDP, current $
Belgium Paraguay
2024 $671,370,081,636 $44,458,118,397
2023 $651,330,595,110 $43,118,053,175
2022 $591,085,783,326 $41,952,910,858
2021 $598,522,422,242 $39,950,899,939
2020 $529,694,473,502 $35,432,178,068
2019 $536,726,344,405 $37,925,338,329
2018 $542,638,913,428 $40,225,448,341
2017 $500,908,767,352 $38,997,129,474
2016 $474,271,566,740 $36,089,700,223
2015 $461,044,767,545 $36,211,447,840
2014 $537,987,419,164 $40,377,929,296
2013 $524,097,026,599 $38,501,122,141
2012 $498,414,364,945 $33,271,921,136
2011 $527,196,649,049 $33,756,238,766
2010 $481,556,503,720 $27,260,886,405
2009 $485,014,525,992 $22,355,151,162
2008 $517,328,087,920 $24,615,267,664
2007 $470,922,156,309 $17,856,393,235
2006 $408,259,840,869 $13,429,430,050
2005 $385,714,762,230 $10,737,500,188
2004 $369,214,712,443 $9,624,440,836
2003 $318,082,528,507 $7,691,367,471
2002 $258,383,599,375 $7,196,260,657
2001 $236,746,141,604 $8,495,806,432
2000 $236,792,460,312 $8,855,705,140
1999 $258,245,733,221 $8,837,070,236
1998 $258,528,339,631 $9,260,481,572
1997 $252,708,051,421 $9,965,225,678
1996 $279,201,433,225 $9,788,391,781
1995 $288,025,588,396 $9,062,131,475
1994 $244,884,129,491 $7,870,982,005
1993 $224,721,795,709 $7,249,533,620
1992 $234,781,652,447 $7,157,424,031
1991 $210,510,999,409 $6,984,367,763
1990 $205,331,747,948 $5,812,114,523
1989 $164,221,056,511 $4,757,732,200
1988 $162,299,103,675 $4,255,683,528
1987 $149,394,404,106 $3,971,044,724
1986 $120,018,787,249 $3,723,993,943
1985 $86,268,264,148 $3,282,449,236
1984 $83,349,530,159 $4,502,462,807
1983 $87,184,239,053 $5,673,248,726
1982 $92,095,926,188 $5,419,411,765
1981 $104,730,018,470 $5,624,515,873
1980 $126,829,314,388 $4,448,087,302
1979 $116,315,456,797 $3,416,777,778
1978 $101,246,526,194 $2,559,857,143
1977 $82,839,905,459 $2,092,158,730
1976 $71,113,882,968 $1,698,960,317
1975 $65,678,189,097 $1,511,420,635
1974 $56,033,077,879 $1,333,475,397
1973 $47,743,801,490 $995,531,746
1972 $37,209,418,019 $769,039,683
1971 $29,821,661,870 $664,571,429
1970 $26,706,196,047 $594,611,111
1969 $24,019,653,475 $556,293,651
1968 $21,654,856,965 $517,650,794
1967 $20,252,508,995 $492,674,603
1966 $18,894,891,312 $465,888,889
1965 $17,597,783,297 $443,587,302
1964 $16,168,044,450 $408,349,206
1963 $14,445,805,381 $383,904,762
1962 $13,436,827,167 $360,698,413
1961 $12,561,701,694 $322,053,713
1960 $11,810,619,368 $288,884,368

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/paraguay | CC BY

GDP per capita in Belgium vs Paraguay by year

Belgium
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Paraguay
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Belgium Paraguay
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $56,615 $73,514 $6,416 $18,524
2023 $55,291 $71,946 $6,300 $17,564
2022 $50,606 $69,128 $6,206 $16,347
2021 $51,658 $60,669 $5,977 $15,406
2020 $45,906 $56,120 $5,365 $14,309
2019 $46,717 $56,712 $5,821 $14,150
2018 $47,487 $52,467 $6,258 $14,139
2017 $44,035 $50,256 $6,152 $13,977
2016 $41,855 $48,415 $5,775 $13,329
2015 $40,894 $46,072 $5,879 $12,679
2014 $47,996 $45,148 $6,652 $12,607
2013 $46,965 $43,864 $6,436 $12,137
2012 $44,874 $42,484 $5,642 $10,954
2011 $47,761 $41,245 $5,805 $11,442
2010 $44,197 $39,840 $4,751 $10,893
2009 $44,923 $37,906 $3,942 $9,802
2008 $48,303 $37,883 $4,385 $9,867
2007 $44,319 $36,798 $3,212 $9,179
2006 $38,705 $35,251 $2,439 $8,561
2005 $36,810 $33,178 $1,971 $8,007
2004 $35,429 $32,060 $1,786 $7,686
2003 $30,655 $30,931 $1,444 $7,276
2002 $25,006 $30,282 $1,368 $6,924
2001 $23,015 $28,794 $1,638 $6,916
2000 $23,099 $27,794 $1,736 $6,937
1999 $25,253 $25,441 $1,766 $7,080
1998 $25,338 $24,370 $1,890 $7,227
1997 $24,821 $23,733 $2,079 $7,299
1996 $27,490 $22,745 $2,088 $7,040
1995 $28,414 $22,446 $1,979 $6,966
1994 $24,209 $21,518 $1,760 $6,542
1993 $22,284 $20,473 $1,662 $6,234
1992 $23,373 $20,272 $1,683 $5,952
1991 $21,042 $19,601 $1,685 $5,873
1990 $20,600 $18,688 $1,440 $5,637
1989 $16,525 - $1,211 -
1988 $16,391 - $1,114 -
1987 $15,136 - $1,069 -
1986 $12,170 - $1,031 -
1985 $8,751 - $935 -
1984 $8,457 - $1,319 -
1983 $8,846 - $1,710 -
1982 $9,344 - $1,680 -
1981 $10,623 - $1,793 -
1980 $12,864 - $1,457 -
1979 $11,811 - $1,149 -
1978 $10,290 - $883 -
1977 $8,427 - $740 -
1976 $7,243 - $616 -
1975 $6,701 - $562 -
1974 $5,734 - $508 -
1973 $4,901 - $389 -
1972 $3,832 - $308 -
1971 $3,083 - $272.1 -
1970 $2,766 - $249 -
1969 $2,490 - $238.2 -
1968 $2,251 - $226.8 -
1967 $2,114 - $220.9 -
1966 $1,983 - $213.9 -
1965 $1,860 - $208.7 -
1964 $1,724 - $197 -
1963 $1,555 - $189.9 -
1962 $1,457 - $182.8 -
1961 $1,368 - $167.1 -
1960 $1,290 - $153.4 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/paraguay | CC BY

Belgium's GDP per capita is $56,615, ranking 18/197, compared to $6,416 in Paraguay, ranking 109/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Belgium ranks 21st at $73,514, while Paraguay ranks 102nd at $18,524.

Economic indicators

Belgium Paraguay
Gross domestic product
$671B
2024
$44.5B
2024
GDP rank
23/197
2024
98/197
2024
GDP growth
1.07%
2023-2024
4.25%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$56,615
2024
$6,416
2024
GDP per capita rank
18/197
2024
109/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,514
2024
$18,524
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
21/197
2024
102/197
2024
Government debt
$703B
2024
$19.9B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
104.7%
2024
44.8%
2024
Government debt per person
$59,278
2024
$2,872
2024
Government debt per person rank
5/185
2024
103/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$35,259
2026
$6,136
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$321B
2018
$313M
1999
Number of millionaires
549,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
11
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
22.2%
2023
35%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
3.7%
2023
2%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
54.5%
2024
21%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.14%
2023-2024
3.84%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
6%
2024
Unemployment rate
5.7%
2024
5.69%
2024
Population
11902714
7120169

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Belgium
Spending

Debt
Paraguay
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Belgium Paraguay
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 54.5% 104.7% 21% 44.8%
2023 53.3% 103.2% 21.5% 41.1%
2022 52.3% 102.7% 20.2% 40.5%
2021 54.9% 108.5% 20.4% 37.5%
2020 58.5% 111.2% 22.6% 36.9%
2019 51.8% 97.6% 20.1% 25.8%
2018 52.5% 100.1% 18.5% 22.3%
2017 52.3% 102.5% 18.1% 19.8%
2016 53.4% 105.5% 17.7% 19.4%
2015 53.9% 105.6% 18% 18.6%
2014 55.4% 106.6% 17.1% 15.6%
2013 55.9% 105% 17.1% 13.5%
2012 56.2% 104.3% 17.6% 12.3%
2011 55% 102.7% 14.7% 11.1%
2010 53.9% 100.2% 13.3% 13%
2009 54.5% 99.9% 14.3% 14.9%
2008 50.8% 93.2% 11.8% 16%
2007 48.6% 87.3% 13.1% 16.8%
2006 48.8% 91.5% 14.1% 21%
2005 51.9% 95.1% 14% 28.3%
2004 49.3% 97.2% 14% 36%
2003 51% 101.7% 14.6% 37.5%
2002 49.9% 105.4% 17.6% 50.5%
2001 49.4% 108.2% 19% 37.1%
2000 49.4% 109.6% 19.6% 33.6%
1999 50.5% 115.4% 19.2% 32%
1998 51% 119.2% 18% 22.1%
1997 51.6% 124.3% 18.1% 18%
1996 53.1% 129% 16.9% 16.8%
1995 52.6% 131.3% 15.7% 17.6%
1994 54.7% 137.1% 14.5% 18.7%
1993 57.1% 138.9% 12.9% 26.6%
1992 55.9% 134.7% 13% 34.4%
1991 55.6% 131.8% 11.4% 49.4%
1990 54.4% 130.3% 10.5% 67%
1989 52.3% 126.4% 11.8% 52.9%
1988 53.9% 129.7% 9.75% 58.9%
1987 55.8% 129.2% 10.1% 68.7%
1986 57.6% 124.7% 9.25% 57.1%
1985 58.4% 119.4% 11.4% 54.7%
1984 59.1% 114.6% 13% 31%
1983 62.2% 110.3% 13% 22.6%
1982 59.6% 99.6% 13.2% 21.3%
1981 61.5% 89.7% 13.3% 17.4%
1980 54.9% 76.8% 11.6% 17.4%
1979 54.8% 69.2% 11.7% 19.7%
1978 52.8% 65.2% 11.9% 20.9%
1977 52.2% 61.6% 11.2% 18.8%
1976 50.4% 61.4% 9.8% 14.1%
1975 50.2% 59.5% 10.5% 12.6%
1974 44.5% 61.7% 9.44% 12.5%
1973 45% 63.7% 11.2% 15.4%
1972 45% 64.9% 12.5% 18.2%
1971 43.9% 63.5% 12.3% 18.9%
1970 42.7% 66.6% 13.3% 19.2%
1969 26.5% 51.6% 14% -
1968 26.7% 54.5% 13.5% -
1967 25.5% 54.1% 12.2% -
1966 25.1% 55.6% - -
1965 23.4% 57.6% - -
1964 22.5% 59.4% - -
1963 23.1% 64.1% - -
1962 22.5% 65.3% - -
1961 22.1% 67.8% - -
1960 23.7% 69.4% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/paraguay | CC BY

In 2024, Belgium's government spending was $366B, accounting for 54.5% of its GDP, while Paraguay spent $9.33B, or 21% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 104.7% in Belgium and 44.8% in Paraguay, ranking 19/185 and 120/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Belgium

Paraguay
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Belgium Paraguay
2024 -4.52% -2.12%
2023 -4.1% -3.81%
2022 -3.62% -2.64%
2021 -5.4% -3.39%
2020 -9.03% -5.72%
2019 -2.05% -2.44%
2018 -1.05% -1.01%
2017 -0.76% -0.44%
2016 -2.43% -0.37%
2015 -2.48% -0.44%
2014 -3.18% -0.27%
2013 -3.16% -1.16%
2012 -4.35% -0.58%
2011 -4.44% 1.29%
2010 -4.13% 1.54%
2009 -5.45% 0.59%
2008 -1.1% 2.29%
2007 0.07% 1.27%
2006 0.24% 0.91%
2005 -2.72% 0.74%
2004 -0.24% 1.33%
2003 -1.86% -0.07%
2002 -0.04% -1.89%
2001 0.23% 0.07%
2000 -0.08% -0.55%
1999 -0.65% 2.67%
1998 -1.03% 4.28%
1997 -2.15% 3%
1996 -4% 2.43%
1995 -4.51% 2.78%
1994 -5.29% 4.59%
1993 -7.71% 4.27%
1992 -8.42% 3.1%
1991 -7.67% 3.41%
1990 -6.99% 7.56%
1989 -7.58% 5.48%
1988 -7.28% 3.01%
1987 -7.89% 2.68%
1986 -9.96% 3.08%
1985 -10.1% 0.85%
1984 -10.8% -0.42%
1983 -14.5% 0.27%
1982 -12.3% 1.52%
1981 -15.5% 0.15%
1980 -9.43% 3.4%
1979 -8.33% 4.13%
1978 -6.51% -3.42%
1977 -6.51% -0.19%
1976 -6.61% -0.06%
1975 -6.45% -1.24%
1974 -3.87% 1.67%
1973 -5.02% -0.91%
1972 -6.07% -2.51%
1971 -4.45% -1.25%
1970 -3.51% -1.26%
1969 -3.34% -1.62%
1968 -3.69% -2.34%
1967 -2.76% -1.7%
1966 -3.08% -
1965 -2.9% -
1964 -2.27% -
1963 -2.8% -
1962 -2.12% -
1961 -2.34% -
1960 -4.89% -
1959 -5.21% -
1958 -4.33% -
1957 -1.27% -
1956 1.85% -
1955 -1.05% -
1954 2.34% -
1953 0.14% -
1952 -0.26% -
1951 0.59% -
1950 -2.01% -
1949 -2.05% -
1948 -2.29% -
1947 -14.5% -
1946 1.87% -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 -5.81% -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 -6.86% -
1938 -5.17% -
1937 -4.71% -
1936 -4.92% -
1935 -5.94% -
1934 -2.78% -
1933 -1.69% -
1932 - -
1931 - -
1930 -2.48% -
1929 - -
1928 - -
1927 3.06% -
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 -5.53% -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 -1.4% -
1912 -1.39% -
1911 -0.92% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 0.13% -
1908 -0.95% -
1907 -0.81% -
1906 -1.35% -
1905 1.23% -
1904 0.004% -
1903 0.08% -
1902 0.22% -
1901 0.55% -
1900 -0.54% -
1899 -1.64% -
1898 -0.28% -
1897 -0.25% -
1896 0.94% -
1895 -0.33% -
1894 0.06% -
1893 0.07% -
1892 0.17% -
1891 -0.005% -
1890 -0.83% -
1889 0.3% -
1888 -0.21% -
1887 -0.12% -
1886 0.54% -
1885 -0.43% -
1884 -0.26% -
1883 -0.54% -
1882 -0.3% -
1881 0.08% -
1880 0.12% -
1879 -1.51% -
1878 -1.78% -
1877 -2.52% -
1876 -0.77% -
1875 -0.88% -
1874 -1.02% -
1873 -2.08% -
1872 -0.7% -
1871 -0.64% -
1870 -0.58% -
1869 -0.35% -
1868 -0.39% -
1867 -0.49% -
1866 -0.87% -
1865 -0.55% -
1864 -0.62% -
1863 -0.72% -
1862 -0.49% -
1861 -0.22% -
1860 -0.13% -
1859 0.1% -
1858 0.35% -
1857 0% -
1856 -0.26% -
1855 -0.28% -
1854 -0.4% -
1853 -0.3% -
1852 -0.44% -
1851 -0.05% -
1850 -0.11% -
1849 0.11% -
1848 -1.41% -
1847 -0.69% -
1846 -0.52% -
1845 -1.17% -
1844 -4.92% -
1843 -0.86% -
1842 -0.89% -
1841 -0.75% -
1840 0.16% -
1839 -0.43% -
1838 0.23% -
1837 -0.11% -
1836 0.18% -
1835 0.27% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/paraguay | CC BY

In 2024, Belgium's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $30.3B, equivalent to 4.52% of GDP. This compares to Paraguay's deficit of $942M, or 2.12% of GDP.

Over the past 58 years, Belgium recorded a fiscal deficit in 55 of those years, while Paraguay ran a deficit in 28 years. On average, Belgium posted an annual deficit equal to 4.94% of GDP, compared to surplus of 0.53% of GDP for Paraguay.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Belgium

Paraguay
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Belgium Paraguay
2024 3.14% 3.84%
2023 4.05% 4.63%
2022 9.6% 9.77%
2021 2.44% 4.79%
2020 0.74% 1.77%
2019 1.44% 2.76%
2018 2.05% 3.98%
2017 2.13% 3.6%
2016 1.97% 4.09%
2015 0.56% 3.13%
2014 0.34% 5.03%
2013 1.11% 2.68%
2012 2.84% 3.68%
2011 3.53% 8.25%
2010 2.19% 4.65%
2009 -0.05% 2.59%
2008 4.49% 10.2%
2007 1.82% 8.13%
2006 1.79% 9.59%
2005 2.78% 6.81%
2004 2.1% 4.32%
2003 1.59% 14.2%
2002 1.65% 10.5%
2001 2.47% 7.27%
2000 2.54% 8.98%
1999 1.12% 6.75%
1998 0.95% 11.6%
1997 1.63% 6.95%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/paraguay | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Belgium has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.25%, compared with 6.23% in Paraguay. In 2024, inflation was 3.14% in Belgium and 3.84% in Paraguay.

Top exports between countries

Belgium
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $34.3M
Machinery & equipment $12.6M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.89M
Raw materials & minerals $2.46M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.19M
Raw agricultural goods $977K
Wood & paper products $920K
Miscellaneous $613K
Animal & marine products $280K
Metals $255K
Paraguay
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $8.82M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.52M
Metals $1.87M
Raw materials & minerals $1.12M
Wood & paper products $790K
Raw agricultural goods $623K
Animal & marine products $137K
Machinery & equipment $108K
Textiles & consumer goods $31K

Balance of trade

Belgium Paraguay
Current account balance
-$2.54B
2024
-$1.53B
2024
Current account balance ranking
151/190
2024
133/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.38%
2024
-3.44%
2024
Goods imports
$370B
2024
$15.8B
2024
Goods exports
$382B
2024
$14.9B
2024
Service imports
$164B
2024
$2.54B
2024
Service exports
$150B
2024
$2.65B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
79.7%
2024
39.6%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
79.3%
2024
37.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Belgium Paraguay
Economic freedom 69.2 66.4
Economic freedom ranking 42/197 61/197
Property rights 91.1 44.2
Government integrity 78.2 27.3
Judicial effectiveness 91.6 38.4
Tax burden 50.6 95.9
Government spending 14.6 86.9
Fiscal health 53.4 83
Business freedom 82.5 72
Labor freedom 57.5 44.1
Monetary freedom 76.8 76.5
Trade freedom 79.4 78.4
Investment freedom 85 80
Financial freedom 70 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Belgium
Paraguay
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Belgium Paraguay
2026 69.2 66.4
2025 69 65.2
2024 65.6 60.1
2023 67.1 61
2022 69.6 62.9
2021 70.1 62.6
2020 68.9 63
2019 67.3 61.8
2018 67.5 62.1
2017 67.8 62.4
2016 68.4 61.5
2015 68.8 61.1
2014 69.9 62
2013 69.2 61.1
2012 69 61.8
2011 70.2 62.3
2010 70.1 61.3
2009 72.1 61
2008 71.7 60
2007 72.5 58.3
2006 71.8 55.6
2005 69 53.4
2004 68.7 56.7
2003 68.1 58.2
2002 67.6 59.6
2001 63.8 60.3
2000 63.5 64
1999 62.9 63.7
1998 64.7 65.2
1997 64.6 67.3
1996 66 67.1
1995 - 65.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/paraguay | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Belgium is 69.2, ranking 42/197, compared to 66.4 for Paraguay, ranking 61/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Belgium Paraguay
Services, % of GDP
71%
2024
48.7%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
18.7%
2024
32.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.79%
2024
10.7%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$656B
2024
$43.7B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$74,770
2024
$17,930
2024
Total reserves including gold
$41.4B
2024
$9.89B
2023
Total reserves ranking
49/177
2024
76/177
2023
Net foreign direct investment
$46.1B
2024
-$335M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$41.4B
2024
$1.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.71B
2024
$166M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
4.58%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.3%
2022
20.1%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.5%
2024
22.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belgium/paraguay | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.