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Economy of Denmark vs Paraguay compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Denmark has a GDP of $425B compared to $44.5B for Paraguay, ranking 37/197 and 98/197 by economy size, respectively.

Denmark has $134B in government debt (31.5% of GDP), compared to $19.9B (44.8% of GDP) in Paraguay.

Denmark vs Paraguay GDP by year

Denmark
Paraguay
1x
Year GDP, current $
Denmark Paraguay
2024 $424,524,722,037 $44,458,118,397
2023 $404,651,706,118 $43,118,053,175
2022 $400,114,306,337 $41,952,910,858
2021 $406,110,162,088 $39,950,899,939
2020 $355,631,021,932 $35,432,178,068
2019 $345,401,473,013 $37,925,338,329
2018 $355,293,374,912 $40,225,448,341
2017 $331,610,593,962 $38,997,129,474
2016 $312,181,849,372 $36,089,700,223
2015 $301,758,922,338 $36,211,447,840
2014 $352,832,602,064 $40,377,929,296
2013 $344,631,016,965 $38,501,122,141
2012 $326,792,574,245 $33,271,921,136
2011 $344,315,595,263 $33,756,238,766
2010 $322,345,594,075 $27,260,886,405
2009 $322,619,152,195 $22,355,151,162
2008 $354,979,471,960 $24,615,267,664
2007 $320,213,157,595 $17,856,393,235
2006 $283,386,151,544 $13,429,430,050
2005 $265,150,087,712 $10,737,500,188
2004 $251,986,155,631 $9,624,440,836
2003 $218,421,193,436 $7,691,367,471
2002 $178,788,209,558 $7,196,260,657
2001 $164,881,594,415 $8,495,806,432
2000 $164,043,817,224 $8,855,705,140
1999 $177,887,720,536 $8,837,070,236
1998 $176,877,077,513 $9,260,481,572
1997 $173,241,365,735 $9,965,225,678
1996 $187,481,157,846 $9,788,391,781
1995 $184,848,481,008 $9,062,131,475
1994 $156,017,919,221 $7,870,982,005
1993 $143,111,306,004 $7,249,533,620
1992 $152,966,494,260 $7,157,424,031
1991 $139,180,507,778 $6,984,367,763
1990 $138,217,740,684 $5,812,114,523
1989 $112,312,200,761 $4,757,732,200
1988 $115,540,189,705 $4,255,683,528
1987 $109,183,446,340 $3,971,044,724
1986 $87,748,695,217 $3,723,993,943
1985 $62,452,421,011 $3,282,449,236
1984 $58,868,891,335 $4,502,462,807
1983 $60,331,158,447 $5,673,248,726
1982 $60,084,214,872 $5,419,411,765
1981 $61,459,941,461 $5,624,515,873
1980 $70,811,287,816 $4,448,087,302
1979 $70,393,030,603 $3,416,777,778
1978 $60,320,089,218 $2,559,857,143
1977 $49,711,709,588 $2,092,158,730
1976 $44,503,607,444 $1,698,960,317
1975 $40,418,967,666 $1,511,420,635
1974 $34,125,712,481 $1,333,475,397
1973 $30,718,181,337 $995,531,746
1972 $23,230,667,549 $769,039,683
1971 $19,086,192,720 $664,571,429
1970 $17,075,457,733 $594,611,111
1969 $15,414,902,667 $556,293,651
1968 $13,505,574,133 $517,650,794
1967 $13,059,064,806 $492,674,603
1966 $11,931,740,293 $465,888,889
1965 $10,870,670,865 $443,587,302
1964 $9,677,401,337 $408,349,206
1963 $8,466,044,980 $383,904,762
1962 $7,953,274,741 $360,698,413
1961 $7,058,361,229 $322,053,713
1960 $6,361,166,545 $288,884,368

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/paraguay | CC BY

GDP per capita in Denmark vs Paraguay by year

Denmark
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Paraguay
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Denmark Paraguay
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $71,026 $81,878 $6,416 $18,524
2023 $68,044 $77,892 $6,300 $17,564
2022 $67,781 $78,914 $6,206 $16,347
2021 $69,341 $69,715 $5,977 $15,406
2020 $60,985 $62,682 $5,365 $14,309
2019 $59,404 $60,595 $5,821 $14,150
2018 $61,325 $57,234 $6,258 $14,139
2017 $57,522 $55,272 $6,152 $13,977
2016 $54,501 $51,821 $5,775 $13,329
2015 $53,094 $48,897 $5,879 $12,679
2014 $62,520 $47,880 $6,652 $12,607
2013 $61,378 $46,869 $6,436 $12,137
2012 $58,444 $44,755 $5,642 $10,954
2011 $61,810 $44,444 $5,805 $11,442
2010 $58,105 $43,038 $4,751 $10,893
2009 $58,413 $40,524 $3,942 $9,802
2008 $64,617 $41,467 $4,385 $9,867
2007 $58,632 $39,110 $3,212 $9,179
2006 $52,119 $37,392 $2,439 $8,561
2005 $48,926 $34,238 $1,971 $8,007
2004 $46,625 $33,016 $1,786 $7,686
2003 $40,519 $30,864 $1,444 $7,276
2002 $33,257 $30,667 $1,368 $6,924
2001 $30,768 $29,459 $1,638 $6,916
2000 $30,722 $28,648 $1,736 $6,937
1999 $33,426 $26,642 $1,766 $7,080
1998 $33,346 $25,799 $1,890 $7,227
1997 $32,780 $24,887 $2,079 $7,299
1996 $35,622 $23,723 $2,088 $7,040
1995 $35,321 $22,677 $1,979 $6,966
1994 $29,968 $21,669 $1,760 $6,542
1993 $27,582 $20,217 $1,662 $6,234
1992 $29,579 $19,830 $1,683 $5,952
1991 $27,003 $19,067 $1,685 $5,873
1990 $26,886 $18,225 $1,440 $5,637
1989 $21,882 - $1,211 -
1988 $22,525 - $1,114 -
1987 $21,296 - $1,069 -
1986 $17,137 - $1,031 -
1985 $12,213 - $935 -
1984 $11,517 - $1,319 -
1983 $11,797 - $1,710 -
1982 $11,740 - $1,680 -
1981 $12,000 - $1,793 -
1980 $13,822 - $1,457 -
1979 $13,757 - $1,149 -
1978 $11,818 - $883 -
1977 $9,770 - $740 -
1976 $8,773 - $616 -
1975 $7,988 - $562 -
1974 $6,764 - $508 -
1973 $6,117 - $389 -
1972 $4,654 - $308 -
1971 $3,846 - $272.1 -
1970 $3,464 - $249 -
1969 $3,151 - $238.2 -
1968 $2,776 - $226.8 -
1967 $2,701 - $220.9 -
1966 $2,487 - $213.9 -
1965 $2,284 - $208.7 -
1964 $2,049 - $197 -
1963 $1,807 - $189.9 -
1962 $1,711 - $182.8 -
1961 $1,531 - $167.1 -
1960 $1,389 - $153.4 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/paraguay | CC BY

Denmark's GDP per capita is $71,026, ranking 12/197, compared to $6,416 in Paraguay, ranking 109/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Denmark ranks 14th at $81,878, while Paraguay ranks 102nd at $18,524.

Economic indicators

Denmark Paraguay
Gross domestic product
$425B
2024
$44.5B
2024
GDP rank
37/197
2024
98/197
2024
GDP growth
3.48%
2023-2024
4.25%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$71,026
2024
$6,416
2024
GDP per capita rank
12/197
2024
109/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$81,878
2024
$18,524
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
14/197
2024
102/197
2024
Government debt
$134B
2024
$19.9B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
31.5%
2024
44.8%
2024
Government debt per person
$22,340
2024
$2,872
2024
Government debt per person rank
30/185
2024
103/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$53,468
2026
$6,136
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$151B
2004
$313M
1999
Number of millionaires
376,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
9
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
25.5%
2023
35%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2023
2%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
47.3%
2024
21%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
1.37%
2023-2024
3.84%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
1.6%
2025
6%
2024
Unemployment rate
6.15%
2024
5.69%
2024
Population
6032403
7120169

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Denmark
Spending

Debt
Paraguay
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Denmark Paraguay
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 47.3% 31.5% 21% 44.8%
2023 47.4% 33.8% 21.5% 41.1%
2022 45.1% 34.2% 20.2% 40.5%
2021 49.7% 40.7% 20.4% 37.5%
2020 53.3% 46.3% 22.6% 36.9%
2019 49.8% 38.3% 20.1% 25.8%
2018 50.8% 38.5% 18.5% 22.3%
2017 50.6% 40.2% 18.1% 19.8%
2016 52.4% 41.7% 17.7% 19.4%
2015 54.4% 44.6% 18% 18.6%
2014 55.1% 48.7% 17.1% 15.6%
2013 55.6% 47.8% 17.1% 13.5%
2012 57.9% 48.7% 17.6% 12.3%
2011 56.3% 50% 14.7% 11.1%
2010 56.5% 46.1% 13.3% 13%
2009 56.3% 43% 14.3% 14.9%
2008 50.3% 35.5% 11.8% 16%
2007 49.5% 29.5% 13.1% 16.8%
2006 49.7% 33.2% 14.1% 21%
2005 51.1% 39.4% 14% 28.3%
2004 52.8% 46.2% 14% 36%
2003 53.5% 48.2% 14.6% 37.5%
2002 53.1% 50.3% 17.6% 50.5%
2001 53% 50.1% 19% 37.1%
2000 52.9% 53.6% 19.6% 33.6%
1999 54.7% 56.8% 19.2% 32%
1998 55.6% 60.3% 18% 22.1%
1997 56.2% 64.4% 18.1% 18%
1996 58.2% 68.3% 16.9% 16.8%
1995 58.7% 71.5% 15.7% 17.6%
1994 59.5% 75.3% 14.5% 18.7%
1993 59.5% 78.7% 12.9% 26.6%
1992 56.4% 66.7% 13% 34.4%
1991 55.5% 63.2% 11.4% 49.4%
1990 55.1% 62.4% 10.5% 67%
1989 56.2% 62.2% 11.8% 52.9%
1988 56.1% 64.7% 9.75% 58.9%
1987 54% 62.5% 10.1% 68.7%
1986 52.3% 66.8% 9.25% 57.1%
1985 55.5% 74.7% 11.4% 54.7%
1984 56.6% 77.7% 13% 31%
1983 57.9% 74.2% 13% 22.6%
1982 57.7% 64.5% 13.2% 21.3%
1981 56.3% 51.7% 13.3% 17.4%
1980 52.7% 39.2% 11.6% 17.4%
1979 49.6% 31.8% 11.7% 19.7%
1978 47.2% 25.5% 11.9% 20.9%
1977 45.6% 15.2% 11.2% 18.8%
1976 45% 11.4% 9.8% 14.1%
1975 45.3% 7.01% 10.5% 12.6%
1974 43.6% 6.2% 9.44% 12.5%
1973 39.5% 8.94% 11.2% 15.4%
1972 42.1% 11.5% 12.5% 18.2%
1971 42.2% 12.9% 12.3% 18.9%
1970 24.4% 7.62% 13.3% 19.2%
1969 25.3% 8.36% 14% -
1968 24.3% 9.36% 13.5% -
1967 22.2% 10.1% 12.2% -
1966 21.1% 11.2% - -
1965 17.1% 12.9% - -
1964 17.6% 14.5% - -
1963 18.2% 13.7% - -
1962 17% 15.3% - -
1961 15.6% 16.4% - -
1960 16.4% 20.1% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1991, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/paraguay | CC BY

In 2024, Denmark's government spending was $201B, accounting for 47.3% of its GDP, while Paraguay spent $9.33B, or 21% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 31.5% in Denmark and 44.8% in Paraguay, ranking 155/185 and 120/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Denmark

Paraguay
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Denmark Paraguay
2024 4.46% -2.12%
2023 3.43% -3.81%
2022 3.39% -2.64%
2021 4.12% -3.39%
2020 0.36% -5.72%
2019 4.28% -2.44%
2018 0.81% -1.01%
2017 1.69% -0.44%
2016 0.3% -0.37%
2015 -0.9% -0.44%
2014 1.43% -0.27%
2013 -0.94% -1.16%
2012 -3.2% -0.58%
2011 -1.77% 1.29%
2010 -2.52% 1.54%
2009 -2.75% 0.59%
2008 3.46% 2.29%
2007 5.31% 1.27%
2006 5.29% 0.91%
2005 5.2% 0.74%
2004 2.23% 1.33%
2003 0.14% -0.07%
2002 0.25% -1.89%
2001 1.13% 0.07%
2000 1.79% -0.55%
1999 1.06% 2.67%
1998 -0.28% 4.28%
1997 -1.22% 3%
1996 -2.4% 2.43%
1995 -3.5% 2.78%
1994 -3.85% 4.59%
1993 -3.73% 4.27%
1992 -2.6% 3.1%
1991 -3.15% 3.41%
1990 -1.78% 7.56%
1989 0.3% 5.48%
1988 1.46% 3.01%
1987 2.46% 2.68%
1986 3.23% 3.08%
1985 -1.38% 0.85%
1984 -3.58% -0.42%
1983 -6.29% 0.27%
1982 -8.22% 1.52%
1981 -5.84% 0.15%
1980 -2.32% 3.4%
1979 -0.69% 4.13%
1978 0.41% -3.42%
1977 0.37% -0.19%
1976 0.19% -0.06%
1975 -1.23% -1.24%
1974 3.7% 1.67%
1973 4.97% -0.91%
1972 5.01% -2.51%
1971 4.96% -1.25%
1970 0.7% -1.26%
1969 0.3% -1.62%
1968 -0.06% -2.34%
1967 1.49% -1.7%
1966 0.99% -
1965 2.13% -
1964 1.79% -
1963 1.2% -
1962 -0.09% -
1961 1.73% -
1960 1.25% -
1959 0.79% -
1958 0.25% -
1957 0.26% -
1956 -0.01% -
1955 -1.17% -
1954 -0.84% -
1953 1.75% -
1952 1.18% -
1951 0.79% -
1950 1.08% -
1949 0.63% -
1948 1.07% -
1947 0.84% -
1946 2.69% -
1945 -1.03% -
1944 0% -
1943 0% -
1942 0% -
1941 0% -
1940 0% -
1939 0% -
1938 0.03% -
1937 0.22% -
1936 -1.36% -
1935 -0.97% -
1934 0.03% -
1933 1.69% -
1932 -3.22% -
1931 -1.67% -
1930 0.03% -
1929 0.13% -
1928 -4.99% -
1927 -2.33% -
1926 -0.48% -
1925 -3.1% -
1924 -0.8% -
1923 -0.56% -
1922 -1.33% -
1921 -2.41% -
1920 -0.46% -
1919 -0.38% -
1918 1.95% -
1917 3.1% -
1916 1.51% -
1915 -0.48% -
1914 0.43% -
1913 0.07% -
1912 0.13% -
1911 -1.02% -
1910 -1.72% -
1909 -2.49% -
1908 -0.82% -
1907 0.26% -
1906 -0.42% -
1905 0.22% -
1904 -0.1% -
1903 0.03% -
1902 -0.06% -
1901 -0.71% -
1900 -0.84% -
1899 -0.59% -
1898 -0.43% -
1897 -0.61% -
1896 -0.07% -
1895 -0.17% -
1894 -0.26% -
1893 -0.42% -
1892 -0.73% -
1891 -0.76% -
1890 -0.97% -
1889 -0.55% -
1888 -0.49% -
1887 -0.68% -
1886 -0.39% -
1885 0.48% -
1884 1.2% -
1883 0.73% -
1882 0.35% -
1881 0.42% -
1880 -2.65% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/paraguay | CC BY

In 2024, Denmark's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $18.9B, equivalent to 4.46% of GDP. This compares to Paraguay's deficit of $942M, or 2.12% of GDP.

Over the past 58 years, Denmark recorded a fiscal deficit in 24 of those years, while Paraguay ran a deficit in 28 years. On average, Denmark posted an annual surplus equal to 0.27% of GDP, compared to surplus of 0.53% of GDP for Paraguay.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Denmark

Paraguay
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Denmark Paraguay
2024 1.37% 3.84%
2023 3.31% 4.63%
2022 7.7% 9.77%
2021 1.85% 4.79%
2020 0.42% 1.77%
2019 0.76% 2.76%
2018 0.81% 3.98%
2017 1.15% 3.6%
2016 0.25% 4.09%
2015 0.45% 3.13%
2014 0.56% 5.03%
2013 0.79% 2.68%
2012 2.4% 3.68%
2011 2.76% 8.25%
2010 2.31% 4.65%
2009 1.3% 2.59%
2008 3.42% 10.2%
2007 1.69% 8.13%
2006 1.92% 9.59%
2005 1.82% 6.81%
2004 1.15% 4.32%
2003 2.08% 14.2%
2002 2.42% 10.5%
2001 2.34% 7.27%
2000 2.9% 8.98%
1999 2.5% 6.75%
1998 1.85% 11.6%
1997 2.18% 6.95%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/paraguay | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Denmark has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.95%, compared with 6.23% in Paraguay. In 2024, inflation was 1.37% in Denmark and 3.84% in Paraguay.

Top exports between countries

Denmark
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $4.04M
Chemicals & pharma $1.82M
Miscellaneous $822K
Textiles & consumer goods $438K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $264K
Wood & paper products $118K
Metals $112K
Raw agricultural goods $54K
Weapons & explosives $39K
Raw materials & minerals $33K
Paraguay
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $5.36M
Raw agricultural goods $153K
Animal & marine products $146K
Wood & paper products $137K
Machinery & equipment $24K

Balance of trade

Denmark Paraguay
Current account balance
$52.1B
2024
-$1.53B
2024
Current account balance ranking
14/190
2024
133/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+12.3%
2024
-3.44%
2024
Goods imports
$132B
2024
$15.8B
2024
Goods exports
$172B
2024
$14.9B
2024
Service imports
$125B
2024
$2.54B
2024
Service exports
$129B
2024
$2.65B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
60.8%
2024
39.6%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
71%
2024
37.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Denmark Paraguay
Economic freedom 79 66.4
Economic freedom ranking 8/197 61/197
Property rights 99.9 44.2
Government integrity 98 27.3
Judicial effectiveness 89.3 38.4
Tax burden 43.4 95.9
Government spending 34.8 86.9
Fiscal health 98 83
Business freedom 90.4 72
Labor freedom 65 44.1
Monetary freedom 80.1 76.5
Trade freedom 79.4 78.4
Investment freedom 90 80
Financial freedom 80 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Denmark
Paraguay
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Denmark Paraguay
2026 79 66.4
2025 79.1 65.2
2024 77.8 60.1
2023 77.6 61
2022 78 62.9
2021 77.8 62.6
2020 78.3 63
2019 76.7 61.8
2018 76.6 62.1
2017 75.1 62.4
2016 75.3 61.5
2015 76.3 61.1
2014 76.1 62
2013 76.1 61.1
2012 76.2 61.8
2011 78.6 62.3
2010 77.9 61.3
2009 79.6 61
2008 79.2 60
2007 77 58.3
2006 75.4 55.6
2005 75.3 53.4
2004 72.4 56.7
2003 73.2 58.2
2002 71.1 59.6
2001 68.3 60.3
2000 68.3 64
1999 68.1 63.7
1998 67.5 65.2
1997 67.5 67.3
1996 67.3 67.1
1995 - 65.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/paraguay | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Denmark is 79, ranking 8/197, compared to 66.4 for Paraguay, ranking 61/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Denmark Paraguay
Services, % of GDP
63.5%
2024
48.7%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24.1%
2024
32.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.93%
2024
10.7%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$434B
2024
$43.7B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$84,680
2024
$17,930
2024
Total reserves including gold
$108B
2024
$9.89B
2023
Total reserves ranking
25/177
2024
76/177
2023
Net foreign direct investment
$11.9B
2024
-$335M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$18.5B
2024
$1.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$30.7B
2024
$166M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
4.58%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.4%
2021
20.1%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
22.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1991, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.