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Economy of Germany vs Paraguay compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Germany has a GDP of $4.69T compared to $44.5B for Paraguay, ranking 3/197 and 98/197 by economy size, respectively.

Germany has $2.97T in government debt (63.5% of GDP), compared to $19.9B (44.8% of GDP) in Paraguay.

Germany vs Paraguay GDP by year

Germany
Paraguay
1x
Year GDP, current $
Germany Paraguay
2024 $4,685,592,577,805 $44,458,118,397
2023 $4,562,207,532,490 $43,118,053,175
2022 $4,201,021,706,479 $41,952,910,858
2021 $4,355,251,953,411 $39,950,899,939
2020 $3,941,398,957,074 $35,432,178,068
2019 $3,959,894,794,039 $37,925,338,329
2018 $4,055,433,215,302 $40,225,448,341
2017 $3,765,351,626,106 $38,997,129,474
2016 $3,536,787,895,179 $36,089,700,223
2015 $3,425,099,578,746 $36,211,447,840
2014 $3,964,870,735,761 $40,377,929,296
2013 $3,807,023,797,051 $38,501,122,141
2012 $3,596,483,233,406 $33,271,921,136
2011 $3,823,575,803,794 $33,756,238,766
2010 $3,467,093,769,667 $27,260,886,405
2009 $3,478,545,516,684 $22,355,151,162
2008 $3,808,197,720,125 $24,615,267,664
2007 $3,484,056,680,855 $17,856,393,235
2006 $3,046,308,753,671 $13,429,430,050
2005 $2,893,393,187,362 $10,737,500,188
2004 $2,852,317,768,062 $9,624,440,836
2003 $2,534,715,518,349 $7,691,367,471
2002 $2,102,350,798,306 $7,196,260,657
2001 $1,966,381,496,642 $8,495,806,432
2000 $1,966,980,701,145 $8,855,705,140
1999 $2,213,873,468,587 $8,837,070,236
1998 $2,247,760,364,566 $9,260,481,572
1997 $2,218,790,886,533 $9,965,225,678
1996 $2,506,576,553,158 $9,788,391,781
1995 $2,593,053,091,306 $9,062,131,475
1994 $2,215,282,632,277 $7,870,982,005
1993 $2,078,954,217,438 $7,249,533,620
1992 $2,141,377,582,968 $7,157,424,031
1991 $1,875,792,575,133 $6,984,367,763
1990 $1,778,162,195,860 $5,812,114,523
1989 $1,404,092,925,205 $4,757,732,200
1988 $1,406,367,016,372 $4,255,683,528
1987 $1,302,932,318,825 $3,971,044,724
1986 $1,050,092,624,516 $3,723,993,943
1985 $735,218,723,093 $3,282,449,236
1984 $727,767,760,979 $4,502,462,807
1983 $773,507,930,295 $5,673,248,726
1982 $779,421,633,755 $5,419,411,765
1981 $803,404,797,058 $5,624,515,873
1980 $953,772,499,462 $4,448,087,302
1979 $884,574,218,333 $3,416,777,778
1978 $743,182,891,918 $2,559,857,143
1977 $602,698,323,086 $2,092,158,730
1976 $521,658,712,133 $1,698,960,317
1975 $492,434,094,920 $1,511,420,635
1974 $446,934,971,657 $1,333,475,397
1973 $399,833,571,167 $995,531,746
1972 $300,899,944,795 $769,039,683
1971 $250,900,942,397 $664,571,429
1970 $216,629,229,947 $594,611,111
1969 $177,733,486,326 $556,293,651
1968 $156,527,292,653 $517,650,794
1967 $145,100,667,773 $492,674,603
1966 $143,304,275,684 $465,888,889
1965 $134,774,688,191 $443,587,302
1964 $123,330,404,665 $408,349,206
1963 $112,232,503,744 $383,904,762
1962 $105,895,435,234 $360,698,413
1961 $96,558,204,043 $322,053,713
1960 $84,619,845,881 $288,884,368

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/germany/paraguay | CC BY

GDP per capita in Germany vs Paraguay by year

Germany
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Paraguay
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Germany Paraguay
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $56,104 $73,552 $6,416 $18,524
2023 $54,777 $71,684 $6,300 $17,564
2022 $50,507 $69,049 $6,206 $16,347
2021 $52,349 $62,531 $5,977 $15,406
2020 $47,395 $58,686 $5,365 $14,309
2019 $47,656 $59,271 $5,821 $14,150
2018 $48,916 $56,273 $6,258 $14,139
2017 $45,554 $54,110 $6,152 $13,977
2016 $42,949 $51,570 $5,775 $13,329
2015 $41,930 $48,545 $5,879 $12,679
2014 $48,960 $47,939 $6,652 $12,607
2013 $47,207 $45,889 $6,436 $12,137
2012 $44,718 $44,229 $5,642 $10,954
2011 $47,631 $43,398 $5,805 $11,442
2010 $42,397 $39,726 $4,751 $10,893
2009 $42,472 $37,574 $3,942 $9,802
2008 $46,379 $38,444 $4,385 $9,867
2007 $42,351 $36,914 $3,212 $9,179
2006 $36,980 $34,741 $2,439 $8,561
2005 $35,084 $32,314 $1,971 $8,007
2004 $34,567 $31,753 $1,786 $7,686
2003 $30,711 $30,301 $1,444 $7,276
2002 $25,487 $29,514 $1,368 $6,924
2001 $23,878 $28,674 $1,638 $6,916
2000 $23,926 $27,474 $1,736 $6,937
1999 $26,965 $26,518 $1,766 $7,080
1998 $27,396 $25,446 $1,890 $7,227
1997 $27,047 $24,649 $2,079 $7,299
1996 $30,600 $24,169 $2,088 $7,040
1995 $31,747 $23,631 $1,979 $6,966
1994 $27,202 $22,869 $1,760 $6,542
1993 $25,617 $21,900 $1,662 $6,234
1992 $26,560 $21,746 $1,683 $5,952
1991 $23,443 $21,001 $1,685 $5,873
1990 $22,386 $19,468 $1,440 $5,637
1989 $17,829 - $1,211 -
1988 $17,997 - $1,114 -
1987 $16,739 - $1,069 -
1986 $13,511 - $1,031 -
1985 $9,464 - $935 -
1984 $9,347 - $1,319 -
1983 $9,900 - $1,710 -
1982 $9,950 - $1,680 -
1981 $10,246 - $1,793 -
1980 $12,183 - $1,457 -
1979 $11,322 - $1,149 -
1978 $9,517 - $883 -
1977 $7,711 - $740 -
1976 $6,659 - $616 -
1975 $6,259 - $562 -
1974 $5,660 - $508 -
1973 $5,065 - $389 -
1972 $3,824 - $308 -
1971 $3,204 - $272.1 -
1970 $2,771 - $249 -
1969 $2,281 - $238.2 -
1968 $2,025 - $226.8 -
1967 $1,886 - $220.9 -
1966 $1,871 - $213.9 -
1965 $1,774 - $208.7 -
1964 $1,637 - $197 -
1963 $1,502 - $189.9 -
1962 $1,431 - $182.8 -
1961 $1,316 - $167.1 -
1960 $1,162 - $153.4 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/germany/paraguay | CC BY

Germany's GDP per capita is $56,104, ranking 19/197, compared to $6,416 in Paraguay, ranking 109/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Germany ranks 20th at $73,552, while Paraguay ranks 102nd at $18,524.

Economic indicators

Germany Paraguay
Gross domestic product
$4.69T
2024
$44.5B
2024
GDP rank
3/197
2024
98/197
2024
GDP growth
-0.5%
2023-2024
4.25%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$56,104
2024
$6,416
2024
GDP per capita rank
19/197
2024
109/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,552
2024
$18,524
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
20/197
2024
102/197
2024
Government debt
$2.97T
2024
$19.9B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
63.5%
2024
44.8%
2024
Government debt per person
$35,606
2024
$2,872
2024
Government debt per person rank
21/185
2024
103/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$41,775
2026
$6,136
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.04T
2024
$313M
1999
Number of millionaires
2,675,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
171
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
25%
2020
35%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
2.9%
2020
2%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
49.4%
2024
21%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.26%
2023-2024
3.84%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
6%
2024
Unemployment rate
3.37%
2024
5.69%
2024
Population
82575542
7120169

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Germany
Spending

Debt
Paraguay
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Germany Paraguay
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 49.4% 63.5% 21% 44.8%
2023 48.1% 62.4% 21.5% 41.1%
2022 48.6% 64.4% 20.2% 40.5%
2021 50.7% 68% 20.4% 37.5%
2020 51.1% 68% 22.6% 36.9%
2019 45.5% 58.7% 20.1% 25.8%
2018 44.7% 60.8% 18.5% 22.3%
2017 44.5% 64% 18.1% 19.8%
2016 44.7% 68.3% 17.7% 19.4%
2015 44.5% 71.2% 18% 18.6%
2014 44.5% 74.5% 17.1% 15.6%
2013 45.2% 77.5% 17.1% 13.5%
2012 45.1% 79.8% 17.6% 12.3%
2011 45.3% 78.5% 14.7% 11.1%
2010 48.1% 81% 13.3% 13%
2009 48.3% 72.4% 14.3% 14.9%
2008 44.4% 65.2% 11.8% 16%
2007 43.5% 63.7% 13.1% 16.8%
2006 45.3% 66.4% 14.1% 21%
2005 46.9% 67.1% 14% 28.3%
2004 47% 65% 14% 36%
2003 48.5% 63.3% 14.6% 37.5%
2002 48.2% 59.8% 17.6% 50.5%
2001 47.7% 58.1% 19% 37.1%
2000 48.1% 59.2% 19.6% 33.6%
1999 48.5% 60.3% 19.2% 32%
1998 48.3% 59.4% 18% 22.1%
1997 48.8% 58.8% 18.1% 18%
1996 49.6% 57.7% 16.9% 16.8%
1995 55.2% 54.9% 15.7% 17.6%
1994 48.3% 47.5% 14.5% 18.7%
1993 48.3% 45.1% 12.9% 26.6%
1992 47.4% 41.4% 13% 34.4%
1991 46.5% 39% 11.4% 49.4%
1990 44.7% 40.7% 10.5% 67%
1989 44.3% 39.2% 11.8% 52.9%
1988 45.6% 40.5% 9.75% 58.9%
1987 46% 40.1% 10.1% 68.7%
1986 45.7% 39.1% 9.25% 57.1%
1985 46.6% 39.2% 11.4% 54.7%
1984 47.2% 38.7% 13% 31%
1983 47.9% 38% 13% 22.6%
1982 49.1% 36.4% 13.2% 21.3%
1981 49% 33.6% 13.3% 17.4%
1980 48.2% 30.1% 11.6% 17.4%
1979 47.4% 28.2% 11.7% 19.7%
1978 47.7% 27.4% 11.9% 20.9%
1977 49% 26% 11.2% 18.8%
1976 49.4% 25.1% 9.8% 14.1%
1975 50.3% 23.7% 10.5% 12.6%
1974 46% 18.5% 9.44% 12.5%
1973 42.4% 17.3% 11.2% 15.4%
1972 41.8% 18% 12.5% 18.2%
1971 40.9% 17.7% 12.3% 18.9%
1970 39.5% 17.7% 13.3% 19.2%
1969 29.7% 20.3% 14% -
1968 28.5% 22.5% 13.5% -
1967 28.8% 22.5% 12.2% -
1966 28.3% 19.8% - -
1965 28.4% 18.7% - -
1964 29% 18.2% - -
1963 29.1% 18.1% - -
1962 29.2% 17.6% - -
1961 28.8% 18.7% - -
1960 22.9% 18.4% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/germany/paraguay | CC BY

In 2024, Germany's government spending was $2.32T, accounting for 49.4% of its GDP, while Paraguay spent $9.33B, or 21% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 63.5% in Germany and 44.8% in Paraguay, ranking 72/185 and 120/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Germany

Paraguay
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Germany Paraguay
2024 -2.66% -2.12%
2023 -2.49% -3.81%
2022 -1.91% -2.64%
2021 -3.17% -3.39%
2020 -4.38% -5.72%
2019 1.33% -2.44%
2018 1.88% -1.01%
2017 1.34% -0.44%
2016 1.13% -0.37%
2015 0.91% -0.44%
2014 0.73% -0.27%
2013 0.12% -1.16%
2012 -0.05% -0.58%
2011 -0.84% 1.29%
2010 -4.42% 1.54%
2009 -3.18% 0.59%
2008 -0.26% 2.29%
2007 0.15% 1.27%
2006 -1.76% 0.91%
2005 -3.37% 0.74%
2004 -3.42% 1.33%
2003 -3.83% -0.07%
2002 -4.09% -1.89%
2001 -3.12% 0.07%
2000 -1.71% -0.55%
1999 -1.87% 2.67%
1998 -2.65% 4.28%
1997 -3.03% 3%
1996 -3.64% 2.43%
1995 -9.44% 2.78%
1994 -2.54% 4.59%
1993 -3.11% 4.27%
1992 -2.63% 3.1%
1991 -3.21% 3.41%
1990 -1.94% 7.56%
1989 0.08% 5.48%
1988 -2.02% 3.01%
1987 -1.85% 2.68%
1986 -1.18% 3.08%
1985 -1.18% 0.85%
1984 -2.04% -0.42%
1983 -2.95% 0.27%
1982 -3.56% 1.52%
1981 -4.03% 0.15%
1980 -3.02% 3.4%
1979 -2.71% 4.13%
1978 -2.62% -3.42%
1977 -2.56% -0.19%
1976 -3.5% -0.06%
1975 -5.78% -1.24%
1974 -1.69% 1.67%
1973 1.14% -0.91%
1972 -0.37% -2.51%
1971 0.16% -1.25%
1970 0.53% -1.26%
1969 -0.43% -1.62%
1968 1.39% -2.34%
1967 2.73% -1.7%
1966 1.76% -
1965 2.26% -
1964 1.49% -
1963 1.43% -
1962 0.49% -
1961 -0.12% -
1960 -0.34% -
1959 0.77% -
1958 1.77% -
1957 1.99% -
1956 0.59% -
1955 -1.41% -
1954 -0.37% -
1953 -0.13% -
1952 0% -
1951 1.15% -
1950 1.81% -
1949 - -
1948 - -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -
1936 - -
1935 - -
1934 -0.64% -
1933 -0.43% -
1932 -1.11% -
1931 -1.03% -
1930 -1.52% -
1929 -0.9% -
1928 -1.47% -
1927 -0.44% -
1926 -1.3% -
1925 0.34% -
1924 - -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 0.007% -
1912 -0.26% -
1911 0.06% -
1910 -0.21% -
1909 0.11% -
1908 -0.11% -
1907 -0.14% -
1906 0.76% -
1905 1.21% -
1904 0.41% -
1903 0.88% -
1902 0.08% -
1901 0.91% -
1900 0.27% -
1899 0.6% -
1898 0.47% -
1897 0.39% -
1896 0.63% -
1895 0.47% -
1894 0.44% -
1893 0.42% -
1892 -0.24% -
1891 1.18% -
1890 0.12% -
1889 1.16% -
1888 0.62% -
1887 0.88% -
1886 0.23% -
1885 0.21% -
1884 0.23% -
1883 0.55% -
1882 0.41% -
1881 0.12% -
1880 -0.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/germany/paraguay | CC BY

In 2024, Germany's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $125B, equivalent to 2.66% of GDP. This compares to Paraguay's deficit of $942M, or 2.12% of GDP.

Over the past 58 years, Germany recorded a fiscal deficit in 44 of those years, while Paraguay ran a deficit in 28 years. On average, Germany posted an annual deficit equal to 1.84% of GDP, compared to surplus of 0.53% of GDP for Paraguay.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Germany

Paraguay
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Germany Paraguay
2024 2.26% 3.84%
2023 5.95% 4.63%
2022 6.87% 9.77%
2021 3.07% 4.79%
2020 0.14% 1.77%
2019 1.45% 2.76%
2018 1.73% 3.98%
2017 1.51% 3.6%
2016 0.49% 4.09%
2015 0.51% 3.13%
2014 0.91% 5.03%
2013 1.5% 2.68%
2012 2.01% 3.68%
2011 2.08% 8.25%
2010 1.1% 4.65%
2009 0.31% 2.59%
2008 2.63% 10.2%
2007 2.3% 8.13%
2006 1.58% 9.59%
2005 1.55% 6.81%
2004 1.67% 4.32%
2003 1.03% 14.2%
2002 1.42% 10.5%
2001 1.98% 7.27%
2000 1.44% 8.98%
1999 0.59% 6.75%
1998 0.91% 11.6%
1997 1.94% 6.95%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/germany/paraguay | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Germany has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.82%, compared with 6.23% in Paraguay. In 2024, inflation was 2.26% in Germany and 3.84% in Paraguay.

Top exports between countries

Germany
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $166M
Chemicals & pharma $52.1M
Textiles & consumer goods $11.6M
Miscellaneous $10.9M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $9.41M
Raw materials & minerals $8.77M
Metals $5.04M
Wood & paper products $2.24M
Raw agricultural goods $1.86M
Animal & marine products $883K
Paraguay
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $16M
Animal & marine products $12.7M
Machinery & equipment $11.6M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $6.11M
Wood & paper products $4.91M
Textiles & consumer goods $3.6M
Metals $2.51M
Chemicals & pharma $2.24M
Raw materials & minerals $9K
Precious metals & jewellery $7K

Balance of trade

Germany Paraguay
Current account balance
$270B
2024
-$1.53B
2024
Current account balance ranking
2/190
2024
133/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+5.77%
2024
-3.44%
2024
Goods imports
$1.21T
2024
$15.8B
2024
Goods exports
$1.47T
2024
$14.9B
2024
Service imports
$548B
2024
$2.54B
2024
Service exports
$470B
2024
$2.65B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
37.7%
2024
39.6%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
41.4%
2024
37.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Germany Paraguay
Economic freedom 71.7 66.4
Economic freedom ranking 30/197 61/197
Property rights 95.5 44.2
Government integrity 84.5 27.3
Judicial effectiveness 94.6 38.4
Tax burden 60.5 95.9
Government spending 28.8 86.9
Fiscal health 83.1 83
Business freedom 79.8 72
Labor freedom 52.2 44.1
Monetary freedom 72.5 76.5
Trade freedom 79.4 78.4
Investment freedom 60 80
Financial freedom 70 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Germany
Paraguay
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Germany Paraguay
2026 71.7 66.4
2025 71.6 65.2
2024 72.1 60.1
2023 73.7 61
2022 76.1 62.9
2021 72.5 62.6
2020 73.5 63
2019 73.5 61.8
2018 74.2 62.1
2017 73.8 62.4
2016 74.4 61.5
2015 73.8 61.1
2014 73.4 62
2013 72.8 61.1
2012 71 61.8
2011 71.8 62.3
2010 71.1 61.3
2009 70.5 61
2008 70.6 60
2007 70.8 58.3
2006 70.8 55.6
2005 68.1 53.4
2004 69.5 56.7
2003 69.7 58.2
2002 70.4 59.6
2001 69.5 60.3
2000 65.7 64
1999 65.6 63.7
1998 64.3 65.2
1997 67.5 67.3
1996 69.1 67.1
1995 69.8 65.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/germany/paraguay | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Germany is 71.7, ranking 30/197, compared to 66.4 for Paraguay, ranking 61/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Germany Paraguay
Services, % of GDP
64%
2024
48.7%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
25.6%
2024
32.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.91%
2024
10.7%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$4.6T
2024
$43.7B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$76,180
2024
$17,930
2024
Total reserves including gold
$378B
2024
$9.89B
2023
Total reserves ranking
10/177
2024
76/177
2023
Net foreign direct investment
$32.6B
2024
-$335M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$47.6B
2024
$1.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$80.2B
2024
$166M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
4.58%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.8%
2021
20.1%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.5%
2024
22.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/germany/paraguay | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1990, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.