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Economy of Paraguay vs Spain compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Paraguay has a GDP of $44.5B compared to $1.73T for Spain, ranking 98/197 and 15/197 by economy size, respectively.

Paraguay has $19.9B in government debt (44.8% of GDP), compared to $1.75T (101.6% of GDP) in Spain.

Paraguay vs Spain GDP by year

Paraguay
Spain
1x
Year GDP, current $
Paraguay Spain
2024 $44,458,118,397 $1,725,671,652,742
2023 $43,118,053,175 $1,619,481,980,720
2022 $41,952,910,858 $1,448,850,658,407
2021 $39,950,899,939 $1,461,244,901,853
2020 $35,432,178,068 $1,289,783,836,971
2019 $37,925,338,329 $1,403,496,387,686
2018 $40,225,448,341 $1,431,642,809,327
2017 $38,997,129,474 $1,321,754,088,819
2016 $36,089,700,223 $1,243,015,667,917
2015 $36,211,447,840 $1,206,164,777,553
2014 $40,377,929,296 $1,380,244,561,362
2013 $38,501,122,141 $1,362,186,923,158
2012 $33,271,921,136 $1,330,994,811,670
2011 $33,756,238,766 $1,487,568,659,241
2010 $27,260,886,405 $1,427,989,078,917
2009 $22,355,151,162 $1,496,587,590,848
2008 $24,615,267,664 $1,636,115,447,613
2007 $17,856,393,235 $1,476,746,276,855
2006 $13,429,430,050 $1,261,846,683,275
2005 $10,737,500,188 $1,154,667,551,776
2004 $9,624,440,836 $1,069,829,382,515
2003 $7,691,367,471 $907,963,217,058
2002 $7,196,260,657 $708,938,227,244
2001 $8,495,806,432 $627,798,682,379
2000 $8,855,705,140 $598,102,854,756
1999 $8,837,070,236 $634,394,904,387
1998 $9,260,481,572 $618,731,484,575
1997 $9,965,225,678 $589,739,772,727
1996 $9,788,391,781 $642,251,412,058
1995 $9,062,131,475 $614,170,002,669
1994 $7,870,982,005 $530,183,651,720
1993 $7,249,533,620 $524,700,572,624
1992 $7,157,424,031 $630,465,353,486
1991 $6,984,367,763 $576,753,902,322
1990 $5,812,114,523 $536,175,326,477
1989 $4,757,732,200 $414,460,794,097
1988 $4,255,683,528 $375,891,716,898
1987 $3,971,044,724 $318,520,253,335
1986 $3,723,993,943 $251,141,555,186
1985 $3,282,449,236 $180,664,322,896
1984 $4,502,462,807 $171,979,977,230
1983 $5,673,248,726 $170,829,074,246
1982 $5,419,411,765 $195,856,752,991
1981 $5,624,515,873 $202,663,023,968
1980 $4,448,087,302 $232,600,556,974
1979 $3,416,777,778 $214,448,666,336
1978 $2,559,857,143 $160,484,969,618
1977 $2,092,158,730 $132,354,665,936
1976 $1,698,960,317 $118,422,534,195
1975 $1,511,420,635 $114,695,060,870
1974 $1,333,475,397 $97,204,522,642
1973 $995,531,746 $78,583,355,226
1972 $769,039,683 $59,090,176,029
1971 $664,571,429 $46,586,119,760
1970 $594,611,111 $40,963,715,237
1969 $556,293,651 $37,090,689,288
1968 $517,650,794 $32,394,326,464
1967 $492,674,603 $32,570,905,397
1966 $465,888,889 $29,559,436,183
1965 $443,587,302 $25,479,619,607
1964 $408,349,206 $21,966,876,027
1963 $383,904,762 $19,631,714,760
1962 $360,698,413 $16,609,632,791
1961 $322,053,713 $14,238,126,760
1960 $288,884,368 $12,424,514,014

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/paraguay/spain | CC BY

GDP per capita in Paraguay vs Spain by year

Paraguay
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Spain
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Paraguay Spain
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $6,416 $18,524 $35,327 $57,965
2023 $6,300 $17,564 $33,493 $55,682
2022 $6,206 $16,347 $30,319 $51,399
2021 $5,977 $15,406 $30,799 $44,252
2020 $5,365 $14,309 $27,234 $39,328
2019 $5,821 $14,150 $29,787 $44,043
2018 $6,258 $14,139 $30,602 $41,015
2017 $6,152 $13,977 $28,381 $39,825
2016 $5,775 $13,329 $26,756 $37,613
2015 $5,879 $12,679 $25,982 $35,229
2014 $6,652 $12,607 $29,708 $33,761
2013 $6,436 $12,137 $29,229 $32,614
2012 $5,642 $10,954 $28,456 $31,870
2011 $5,805 $11,442 $31,825 $32,016
2010 $4,751 $10,893 $30,659 $31,805
2009 $3,942 $9,802 $32,280 $32,218
2008 $4,385 $9,867 $35,603 $33,350
2007 $3,212 $9,179 $32,652 $32,536
2006 $2,439 $8,561 $28,422 $30,749
2005 $1,971 $8,007 $26,451 $27,630
2004 $1,786 $7,686 $24,925 $26,160
2003 $1,444 $7,276 $21,522 $25,057
2002 $1,368 $6,924 $17,111 $24,378
2001 $1,638 $6,916 $15,368 $22,952
2000 $1,736 $6,937 $14,743 $21,582
1999 $1,766 $7,080 $15,708 $19,938
1998 $1,890 $7,227 $15,382 $19,083
1997 $2,079 $7,299 $14,722 $17,903
1996 $2,088 $7,040 $16,101 $16,971
1995 $1,979 $6,966 $15,461 $16,276
1994 $1,760 $6,542 $13,406 $15,582
1993 $1,662 $6,234 $13,330 $14,973
1992 $1,683 $5,952 $16,101 $14,855
1991 $1,685 $5,873 $14,801 $14,461
1990 $1,440 $5,637 $13,795 $13,676
1989 $1,211 - $10,674 -
1988 $1,114 - $9,696 -
1987 $1,069 - $8,234 -
1986 $1,031 - $6,509 -
1985 $935 - $4,696 -
1984 $1,319 - $4,487 -
1983 $1,710 - $4,475 -
1982 $1,680 - $5,156 -
1981 $1,793 - $5,367 -
1980 $1,457 - $6,204 -
1979 $1,149 - $5,766 -
1978 $883 - $4,353 -
1977 $740 - $3,625 -
1976 $616 - $3,277 -
1975 $562 - $3,208 -
1974 $508 - $2,748 -
1973 $389 - $2,246 -
1972 $308 - $1,708 -
1971 $272.1 - $1,361 -
1970 $249 - $1,211 -
1969 $238.2 - $1,109 -
1968 $226.8 - $978 -
1967 $220.9 - $997 -
1966 $213.9 - $916 -
1965 $208.7 - $797 -
1964 $197 - $695 -
1963 $189.9 - $627 -
1962 $182.8 - $535 -
1961 $167.1 - $463 -
1960 $153.4 - $408 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/paraguay/spain | CC BY

Paraguay's GDP per capita is $6,416, ranking 109/197, compared to $35,327 in Spain, ranking 32/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Paraguay ranks 102nd at $18,524, while Spain ranks 34th at $57,965.

Economic indicators

Paraguay Spain
Gross domestic product
$44.5B
2024
$1.73T
2024
GDP rank
98/197
2024
15/197
2024
GDP growth
4.25%
2023-2024
3.46%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$6,416
2024
$35,327
2024
GDP per capita rank
109/197
2024
32/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$18,524
2024
$57,965
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
102/197
2024
34/197
2024
Government debt
$19.9B
2024
$1.75T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
44.8%
2024
101.6%
2024
Government debt per person
$2,872
2024
$35,909
2024
Government debt per person rank
103/185
2024
20/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,136
2026
$25,470
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$313M
1999
$754B
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
1,202,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
34
2025
Income share by richest 10%
35%
2024
24.5%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2%
2024
2.2%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
21%
2024
45.3%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.84%
2023-2024
2.77%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
6%
2024
n/a
Unemployment rate
5.69%
2024
11.3%
2024
Population
7120169
48806901

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Paraguay
Spending

Debt
Spain
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Paraguay Spain
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 21% 44.8% 45.3% 101.6%
2023 21.5% 41.1% 45.5% 105.1%
2022 20.2% 40.5% 46.4% 109.2%
2021 20.4% 37.5% 49.5% 115.6%
2020 22.6% 36.9% 51.4% 119.2%
2019 20.1% 25.8% 42% 97.6%
2018 18.5% 22.3% 41.5% 99.7%
2017 18.1% 19.8% 41% 101.1%
2016 17.7% 19.4% 42.1% 102%
2015 18% 18.6% 43.7% 102.4%
2014 17.1% 15.6% 45.1% 104.4%
2013 17.1% 13.5% 46.2% 100%
2012 17.6% 12.3% 49.2% 89.6%
2011 14.7% 11.1% 45.9% 69.5%
2010 13.3% 13% 45.8% 60.3%
2009 14.3% 14.9% 46.1% 53.1%
2008 11.8% 16% 41.3% 39.6%
2007 13.1% 16.8% 39.2% 35.7%
2006 14.1% 21% 38.4% 39%
2005 14% 28.3% 38.4% 42.4%
2004 14% 36% 38.8% 45.3%
2003 14.6% 37.5% 38.4% 47.7%
2002 17.6% 50.5% 38.6% 51.2%
2001 19% 37.1% 38.4% 54.1%
2000 19.6% 33.6% 39.1% 57.8%
1999 19.2% 32% 40% 60.9%
1998 18% 22.1% 41% 62.4%
1997 18.1% 18% 41.5% 64.3%
1996 16.9% 16.8% 42.9% 65.4%
1995 15.7% 17.6% 44.1% 61.6%
1994 14.5% 18.7% 44.8% 57%
1993 12.9% 26.6% 46.3% 54.6%
1992 13% 34.4% 43.9% 44.1%
1991 11.4% 49.4% 42.6% 41.9%
1990 10.5% 67% 41.1% 41.3%
1989 11.8% 52.9% 32.1% 39.2%
1988 9.75% 58.9% 28.6% 38.2%
1987 10.1% 68.7% 31.1% 42.1%
1986 9.25% 57.1% 28.4% 36.5%
1985 11.4% 54.7% 27.6% 31.5%
1984 13% 31% 27% 18.3%
1983 13% 22.6% 26% 13.4%
1982 13.2% 21.3% 21.5% 12%
1981 13.3% 17.4% 18.1% 10.9%
1980 11.6% 17.4% 16.3% 10.2%
1979 11.7% 19.7% 14.3% 9.88%
1978 11.9% 20.9% 14.3% 9.93%
1977 11.2% 18.8% 12.8% 8.75%
1976 9.8% 14.1% 11.5% 8.21%
1975 10.5% 12.6% 11.4% 11.9%
1974 9.44% 12.5% 11.4% 13.6%
1973 11.2% 15.4% 9.88% 16.3%
1972 12.5% 18.2% 12.5% 17.6%
1971 12.3% 18.9% 14% 17.9%
1970 13.3% 19.2% 12.3% 19.2%
1969 14% - 12.3% 18.8%
1968 13.5% - 12.8% 18.3%
1967 12.2% - 12.5% 17.6%
1966 - - 11.8% 17.7%
1965 - - 14% 18.1%
1964 - - 12.7% 19.5%
1963 - - 12.4% 21%
1962 - - 10.6% 24.4%
1961 - - 9.97% 26.7%
1960 - - 11% 29.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/paraguay/spain | CC BY

In 2024, Paraguay's government spending was $9.33B, accounting for 21% of its GDP, while Spain spent $782B, or 45.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 44.8% in Paraguay and 101.6% in Spain, ranking 120/185 and 21/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Paraguay

Spain
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Paraguay Spain
2024 -2.12% -3.15%
2023 -3.81% -3.52%
2022 -2.64% -4.63%
2021 -3.39% -6.66%
2020 -5.72% -10%
2019 -2.44% -3.04%
2018 -1.01% -2.58%
2017 -0.44% -3.1%
2016 -0.37% -4.26%
2015 -0.44% -5.26%
2014 -0.27% -6.07%
2013 -1.16% -7.49%
2012 -0.58% -11.5%
2011 1.29% -9.69%
2010 1.54% -9.49%
2009 0.59% -11.2%
2008 2.29% -4.56%
2007 1.27% 1.88%
2006 0.91% 2.12%
2005 0.74% 1.23%
2004 1.33% -0.1%
2003 -0.07% -0.37%
2002 -1.89% -0.32%
2001 0.07% -0.45%
2000 -0.55% -1.16%
1999 2.67% -1.24%
1998 4.28% -2.63%
1997 3% -3.86%
1996 2.43% -5.87%
1995 2.78% -6.79%
1994 4.59% -6.31%
1993 4.27% -6.89%
1992 3.1% -4.26%
1991 3.41% -4.58%
1990 7.56% -3.9%
1989 5.48% -3.24%
1988 3.01% -2.95%
1987 2.68% -3.52%
1986 3.08% -5.18%
1985 0.85% -6.04%
1984 -0.42% -5.25%
1983 0.27% -4.77%
1982 1.52% -5.76%
1981 0.15% -2.88%
1980 3.4% -2.55%
1979 4.13% -1.51%
1978 -3.42% -1.63%
1977 -0.19% -0.24%
1976 -0.06% 0.43%
1975 -1.24% 0.26%
1974 1.67% 0.11%
1973 -0.91% 1.09%
1972 -2.51% 0.24%
1971 -1.25% -0.96%
1970 -1.26% 0.09%
1969 -1.62% -0.06%
1968 -2.34% -0.55%
1967 -1.7% -0.32%
1966 - 0.07%
1965 - -0.04%
1964 - 0.18%
1963 - -0.54%
1962 - 1.27%
1961 - 1.9%
1960 - 0.69%
1959 - 0.54%
1958 - 0.23%
1957 - 1.13%
1956 - -0.05%
1955 - 0.6%
1954 - 0.7%
1953 - 1.02%
1952 - 0.81%
1951 - -0.24%
1950 - -0.44%
1949 - -0.35%
1948 - -1.21%
1947 - -1.09%
1946 - -2.24%
1945 - -4.56%
1944 - -5.44%
1943 - -7.73%
1942 - -2.48%
1941 - -4.34%
1940 - -3.54%
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -
1936 - -
1935 - -0.49%
1934 - -1.17%
1933 - -0.72%
1932 - -0.3%
1931 - 0.1%
1930 - 0.3%
1929 - -0.07%
1928 - -0.31%
1927 - -0.54%
1926 - -0.65%
1925 - -1.19%
1924 - -1.76%
1923 - -1.89%
1922 - -2.26%
1921 - -3.33%
1920 - -2.4%
1919 - -1.82%
1918 - -1.8%
1917 - -1.49%
1916 - -1.15%
1915 - -2.97%
1914 - -1.04%
1913 - -0.09%
1912 - -0.33%
1911 - 0.19%
1910 - 0.09%
1909 - -0.29%
1908 - 0.59%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.91%
1905 - 0.71%
1904 - 0.52%
1903 - 0.28%
1902 - 0.74%
1901 - 0.69%
1900 - 1.04%
1899 - 2.75%
1898 - 0.13%
1897 - -0.64%
1896 - 0.46%
1895 - 0.83%
1894 - -0.08%
1893 - 0.87%
1892 - -0.67%
1891 - -0.41%
1890 - -0.4%
1889 - -0.38%
1888 - -0.97%
1887 - -0.73%
1886 - -0.08%
1885 - -0.78%
1884 - -0.23%
1883 - -0.38%
1882 - 0.38%
1881 - 0.08%
1880 - -0.02%
1879 - -0.52%
1878 - -0.08%
1877 - 0.11%
1876 - 0.1%
1875 - -1.42%
1874 - -0.1%
1873 - 2.22%
1872 - -2.27%
1871 - -2.64%
1870 - -3.42%
1869 - -2.64%
1868 - -1.46%
1867 - -0.79%
1866 - -0.83%
1865 - -1.84%
1864 - -2.48%
1863 - -1.55%
1862 - -1.76%
1861 - -1.77%
1860 - -0.94%
1859 - 0.39%
1858 - -0.44%
1857 - -0.41%
1856 - -0.46%
1855 - -0.76%
1854 - -0.32%
1853 - -0.02%
1852 - -0.11%
1851 - -0.25%
1850 - 0.31%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/paraguay/spain | CC BY

In 2024, Paraguay's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $942M, equivalent to 2.12% of GDP. This compares to Spain's deficit of $54.3B, or 3.15% of GDP.

Over the past 58 years, Paraguay recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 of those years, while Spain ran a deficit in 49 years. On average, Paraguay posted an annual surplus equal to 0.53% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.36% of GDP for Spain.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Paraguay

Spain
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Paraguay Spain
2024 3.84% 2.77%
2023 4.63% 3.53%
2022 9.77% 8.39%
2021 4.79% 3.09%
2020 1.77% -0.32%
2019 2.76% 0.7%
2018 3.98% 1.67%
2017 3.6% 1.96%
2016 4.09% -0.2%
2015 3.13% -0.5%
2014 5.03% -0.15%
2013 2.68% 1.41%
2012 3.68% 2.45%
2011 8.25% 3.2%
2010 4.65% 1.8%
2009 2.59% -0.29%
2008 10.2% 4.08%
2007 8.13% 2.79%
2006 9.59% 3.52%
2005 6.81% 3.37%
2004 4.32% 3.04%
2003 14.2% 3.04%
2002 10.5% 3.07%
2001 7.27% 3.59%
2000 8.98% 3.43%
1999 6.75% 2.31%
1998 11.6% 1.83%
1997 6.95% 1.97%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/paraguay/spain | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Paraguay has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.23%, compared with 2.34% in Spain. In 2024, inflation was 3.84% in Paraguay and 2.77% in Spain.

Top exports between countries

Paraguay
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $19.4M
Raw agricultural goods $9.23M
Animal & marine products $4.7M
Wood & paper products $3.98M
Chemicals & pharma $2.72M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.5M
Metals $1.2M
Machinery & equipment $430K
Raw materials & minerals $206K
Miscellaneous $63K
Spain
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $63.7M
Machinery & equipment $43.7M
Textiles & consumer goods $17.9M
Raw materials & minerals $13.4M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $12.9M
Wood & paper products $8.18M
Miscellaneous $5.44M
Metals $4.57M
Animal & marine products $2.95M
Raw agricultural goods $2.22M

Balance of trade

Paraguay Spain
Current account balance
-$1.53B
2024
$54.9B
2024
Current account balance ranking
133/190
2024
13/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-3.44%
2024
+3.18%
2024
Goods imports
$15.8B
2024
$456B
2024
Goods exports
$14.9B
2024
$419B
2024
Service imports
$2.54B
2024
$111B
2024
Service exports
$2.65B
2024
$220B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
39.6%
2024
32.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
37.2%
2024
37.1%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Paraguay Spain
Economic freedom 66.4 66.8
Economic freedom ranking 61/197 59/197
Property rights 44.2 88
Government integrity 27.3 64.2
Judicial effectiveness 38.4 74.3
Tax burden 95.9 58.2
Government spending 86.9 37.3
Fiscal health 83 57.3
Business freedom 72 82.6
Labor freedom 44.1 61.7
Monetary freedom 76.5 78.2
Trade freedom 78.4 79.4
Investment freedom 80 60
Financial freedom 70 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Paraguay
Spain
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Paraguay Spain
2026 66.4 66.8
2025 65.2 66.3
2024 60.1 63.3
2023 61 65
2022 62.9 68.2
2021 62.6 69.9
2020 63 66.9
2019 61.8 65.7
2018 62.1 65.1
2017 62.4 63.6
2016 61.5 68.5
2015 61.1 67.6
2014 62 67.2
2013 61.1 68
2012 61.8 69.1
2011 62.3 70.2
2010 61.3 69.6
2009 61 70.1
2008 60 69.1
2007 58.3 69.2
2006 55.6 68.2
2005 53.4 67
2004 56.7 68.9
2003 58.2 68.8
2002 59.6 68.8
2001 60.3 68.1
2000 64 65.9
1999 63.7 65.1
1998 65.2 62.6
1997 67.3 59.6
1996 67.1 59.6
1995 65.9 62.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/paraguay/spain | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Paraguay is 66.4, ranking 61/197, compared to 66.8 for Spain, ranking 59/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Paraguay Spain
Services, % of GDP
48.7%
2024
68.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
32.5%
2024
19.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
10.7%
2024
2.75%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$43.7B
2024
$1.64T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$17,930
2024
$57,670
2024
Total reserves including gold
$9.89B
2023
$108B
2024
Total reserves ranking
76/177
2023
26/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$335M
2024
$28.7B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.1B
2024
$42.8B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$166M
2024
$71.5B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
4.58%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
20.1%
2024
20.2%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.8%
2024
21.2%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/paraguay/spain | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.