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Economy of Paraguay vs United States compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Paraguay has a GDP of $44.5B compared to $28.8T for the United States, ranking 98/197 and 1/197 by economy size, respectively.

Paraguay has $19.9B in government debt (44.8% of GDP), compared to $35.2T (122.3% of GDP) in the United States.

Paraguay vs United States GDP by year

Paraguay
United States
1x
Year GDP, current $
Paraguay United States
2024 $44,458,118,397 $28,750,956,130,731
2023 $43,118,053,175 $27,292,170,793,214
2022 $41,952,910,858 $25,604,848,907,611
2021 $39,950,899,939 $23,315,080,560,000
2020 $35,432,178,068 $21,060,473,613,000
2019 $37,925,338,329 $21,380,976,119,000
2018 $40,225,448,341 $20,533,057,312,000
2017 $38,997,129,474 $19,477,336,549,000
2016 $36,089,700,223 $18,695,110,842,000
2015 $36,211,447,840 $18,206,020,741,000
2014 $40,377,929,296 $17,550,680,174,000
2013 $38,501,122,141 $16,843,190,993,000
2012 $33,271,921,136 $16,253,972,230,000
2011 $33,756,238,766 $15,599,728,123,000
2010 $27,260,886,405 $15,048,964,444,000
2009 $22,355,151,162 $14,478,064,934,000
2008 $24,615,267,664 $14,769,857,911,000
2007 $17,856,393,235 $14,474,226,905,000
2006 $13,429,430,050 $13,815,586,948,000
2005 $10,737,500,188 $13,039,199,193,000
2004 $9,624,440,836 $12,217,193,198,000
2003 $7,691,367,471 $11,456,442,041,000
2002 $7,196,260,657 $10,929,112,955,000
2001 $8,495,806,432 $10,581,929,774,000
2000 $8,855,705,140 $10,250,947,997,000
1999 $8,837,070,236 $9,631,174,489,000
1998 $9,260,481,572 $9,062,818,202,000
1997 $9,965,225,678 $8,577,554,457,000
1996 $9,788,391,781 $8,073,122,000,000
1995 $9,062,131,475 $7,639,749,000,000
1994 $7,870,982,005 $7,287,236,000,000
1993 $7,249,533,620 $6,858,559,000,000
1992 $7,157,424,031 $6,520,327,000,000
1991 $6,984,367,763 $6,158,129,000,000
1990 $5,812,114,523 $5,963,144,000,000
1989 $4,757,732,200 $5,641,580,000,000
1988 $4,255,683,528 $5,236,438,000,000
1987 $3,971,044,724 $4,855,215,000,000
1986 $3,723,993,943 $4,579,631,000,000
1985 $3,282,449,236 $4,338,979,000,000
1984 $4,502,462,807 $4,037,613,000,000
1983 $5,673,248,726 $3,634,038,000,000
1982 $5,419,411,765 $3,343,789,000,000
1981 $5,624,515,873 $3,207,041,000,000
1980 $4,448,087,302 $2,857,307,000,000
1979 $3,416,777,778 $2,627,333,000,000
1978 $2,559,857,143 $2,351,599,000,000
1977 $2,092,158,730 $2,081,826,000,000
1976 $1,698,960,317 $1,873,412,000,000
1975 $1,511,420,635 $1,684,904,000,000
1974 $1,333,475,397 $1,545,243,000,000
1973 $995,531,746 $1,425,376,000,000
1972 $769,039,683 $1,279,110,000,000
1971 $664,571,429 $1,164,850,000,000
1970 $594,611,111 $1,073,303,000,000
1969 $556,293,651 $1,017,438,172,414
1968 $517,650,794 $940,225,000,000
1967 $492,674,603 $859,620,034,483
1966 $465,888,889 $813,032,758,621
1965 $443,587,302 $741,904,862,069
1964 $408,349,206 $684,144,620,690
1963 $383,904,762 $637,058,551,724
1962 $360,698,413 $603,639,413,793
1961 $322,053,713 $561,940,310,345
1960 $288,884,368 $541,988,586,207

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/paraguay/united-states | CC BY

GDP per capita in Paraguay vs United States by year

Paraguay
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
United States
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Paraguay United States
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $6,416 $18,524 $84,534 $85,810
2023 $6,300 $17,564 $81,490 $82,305
2022 $6,206 $16,347 $76,829 $77,861
2021 $5,977 $15,406 $70,249 $71,307
2020 $5,365 $14,309 $63,526 $64,402
2019 $5,821 $14,150 $65,120 $65,228
2018 $6,258 $14,139 $62,823 $62,876
2017 $6,152 $13,977 $59,908 $60,048
2016 $5,775 $13,329 $57,867 $57,977
2015 $5,879 $12,679 $56,763 $56,849
2014 $6,652 $12,607 $55,124 $55,153
2013 $6,436 $12,137 $53,291 $53,297
2012 $5,642 $10,954 $51,784 $51,708
2011 $5,805 $11,442 $50,066 $50,025
2010 $4,751 $10,893 $48,651 $48,643
2009 $3,942 $9,802 $47,195 $47,195
2008 $4,385 $9,867 $48,570 $48,570
2007 $3,212 $9,179 $48,050 $48,050
2006 $2,439 $8,561 $46,302 $46,302
2005 $1,971 $8,007 $44,123 $44,123
2004 $1,786 $7,686 $41,725 $41,725
2003 $1,444 $7,276 $39,490 $39,490
2002 $1,368 $6,924 $37,998 $37,998
2001 $1,638 $6,916 $37,134 $37,134
2000 $1,736 $6,937 $36,330 $36,330
1999 $1,766 $7,080 $34,484 $34,515
1998 $1,890 $7,227 $32,823 $32,854
1997 $2,079 $7,299 $31,430 $31,459
1996 $2,088 $7,040 $29,937 $29,968
1995 $1,979 $6,966 $28,661 $28,691
1994 $1,760 $6,542 $27,662 $27,695
1993 $1,662 $6,234 $26,353 $26,387
1992 $1,683 $5,952 $25,381 $25,419
1991 $1,685 $5,873 $24,293 $24,342
1990 $1,440 $5,637 $23,840 $23,889
1989 $1,211 - $22,857 -
1988 $1,114 - $21,417 -
1987 $1,069 - $20,039 -
1986 $1,031 - $19,071 -
1985 $935 - $18,237 -
1984 $1,319 - $17,121 -
1983 $1,710 - $15,544 -
1982 $1,680 - $14,434 -
1981 $1,793 - $13,976 -
1980 $1,457 - $12,613 -
1979 $1,149 - $11,674 -
1978 $883 - $10,565 -
1977 $740 - $9,453 -
1976 $616 - $8,592 -
1975 $562 - $7,801 -
1974 $508 - $7,226 -
1973 $389 - $6,726 -
1972 $308 - $6,094 -
1971 $272.1 - $5,609 -
1970 $249 - $5,234 -
1969 $238.2 - $5,020 -
1968 $226.8 - $4,685 -
1967 $220.9 - $4,326 -
1966 $213.9 - $4,136 -
1965 $208.7 - $3,818 -
1964 $197 - $3,565 -
1963 $189.9 - $3,366 -
1962 $182.8 - $3,236 -
1961 $167.1 - $3,059 -
1960 $153.4 - $3,000 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/paraguay/united-states | CC BY

Paraguay's GDP per capita is $6,416, ranking 109/197, compared to $84,534 in the United States, ranking 10/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Paraguay ranks 102nd at $18,524, while the United States ranks 12th at $85,810.

Economic indicators

Paraguay United States
Gross domestic product
$44.5B
2024
$28.8T
2024
GDP rank
98/197
2024
1/197
2024
GDP growth
4.25%
2023-2024
2.79%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$6,416
2024
$84,534
2024
GDP per capita rank
109/197
2024
10/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$18,524
2024
$85,810
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
102/197
2024
12/197
2024
Government debt
$19.9B
2024
$35.2T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
44.8%
2024
122.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$2,872
2024
$103,404
2024
Government debt per person rank
103/185
2024
2/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,136
2026
$53,202
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$313M
1999
$62.2T
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
23,831,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
902
2025
Income share by richest 10%
35%
2024
30.4%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2%
2024
1.8%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
21%
2024
37.9%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.84%
2023-2024
2.95%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
6%
2024
3.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.69%
2024
4.02%
2024
Population
7120169
344023146

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Paraguay
Spending

Debt
United States
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Paraguay United States
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 21% 44.8% 37.9% 122.3%
2023 21.5% 41.1% 37.7% 119.8%
2022 20.2% 40.5% 36.8% 119.1%
2021 20.4% 37.5% 43.2% 125%
2020 22.6% 36.9% 44.7% 132.5%
2019 20.1% 25.8% 35.8% 108.8%
2018 18.5% 22.3% 35.3% 107.6%
2017 18.1% 19.8% 35.2% 106.4%
2016 17.7% 19.4% 35.3% 107.4%
2015 18% 18.6% 35% 105.4%
2014 17.1% 15.6% 35.3% 104.9%
2013 17.1% 13.5% 35.8% 105%
2012 17.6% 12.3% 37.2% 103.7%
2011 14.7% 11.1% 38.8% 100%
2010 13.3% 13% 39.8% 95.6%
2009 14.3% 14.9% 41.4% 87.1%
2008 11.8% 16% 37.1% 73.8%
2007 13.1% 16.8% 34.6% 64.9%
2006 14.1% 21% 33.7% 64.5%
2005 14% 28.3% 33.9% 65.8%
2004 14% 36% 33.7% 66.4%
2003 14.6% 37.5% 34% 59%
2002 17.6% 50.5% 33.7% 55.9%
2001 19% 37.1% 32.8% 53.5%
2000 19.6% 33.6% 31.7% 54.5%
1999 19.2% 32% 32.2% 60.5%
1998 18% 22.1% 32.8% 64.2%
1997 18.1% 18% 33.7% 67.4%
1996 16.9% 16.8% 34.7% 69.9%
1995 15.7% 17.6% 35.5% 70.7%
1994 14.5% 18.7% 35.5% 71.1%
1993 12.9% 26.6% 36.4% 71.9%
1992 13% 34.4% 36.7% 70.3%
1991 11.4% 49.4% 35.7% 67.9%
1990 10.5% 67% 34.5% 63.1%
1989 11.8% 52.9% 33.7% 61.6%
1988 9.75% 58.9% 33.7% 61.3%
1987 10.1% 68.7% 34.3% 60.6%
1986 9.25% 57.1% 34.8% 58.9%
1985 11.4% 54.7% 34.5% 55.4%
1984 13% 31% 34.3% 50.6%
1983 13% 22.6% 35.7% 48.9%
1982 13.2% 21.3% 35.8% 45.9%
1981 13.3% 17.4% 33.9% 41.1%
1980 11.6% 17.4% 33.7% 41.9%
1979 11.7% 19.7% 32% 41.2%
1978 11.9% 20.9% 32.6% 42.5%
1977 11.2% 18.8% 33.4% 43.6%
1976 9.8% 14.1% 34.2% 44.8%
1975 10.5% 12.6% 35.2% 44.6%
1974 9.44% 12.5% 32.9% 41.4%
1973 11.2% 15.4% 31.9% 42.6%
1972 12.5% 18.2% 32.8% 45.4%
1971 12.3% 18.9% 32.3% 47%
1970 13.3% 19.2% 31.5% 46.4%
1969 14% - 29.3% 45.9%
1968 13.5% - 29.1% 48.5%
1967 12.2% - 28.3% 50.4%
1966 - - 26.3% 50.6%
1965 - - 25.4% 53.7%
1964 - - 25.6% 56.7%
1963 - - 26% 58.8%
1962 - - 26% 60.2%
1961 - - 25.9% 62.3%
1960 - - 24.9% 61.7%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/paraguay/united-states | CC BY

In 2024, Paraguay's government spending was $9.33B, accounting for 21% of its GDP, while the United States spent $10.9T, or 37.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 44.8% in Paraguay and 122.3% in the United States, ranking 120/185 and 12/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Paraguay

United States
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Paraguay United States
2024 -2.12% -8.03%
2023 -3.81% -7.8%
2022 -2.64% -3.72%
2021 -3.39% -11.4%
2020 -5.72% -14.1%
2019 -2.44% -5.81%
2018 -1.01% -5.33%
2017 -0.44% -4.79%
2016 -0.37% -4.36%
2015 -0.44% -3.53%
2014 -0.27% -4.03%
2013 -1.16% -4.56%
2012 -0.58% -8.11%
2011 1.29% -9.72%
2010 1.54% -11%
2009 0.59% -13.2%
2008 2.29% -6.61%
2007 1.27% -2.91%
2006 0.91% -2.04%
2005 0.74% -3.07%
2004 1.33% -4.24%
2003 -0.07% -4.77%
2002 -1.89% -3.82%
2001 0.07% -0.54%
2000 -0.55% 3.62%
1999 2.67% 2.71%
1998 4.28% 2.18%
1997 3% 0.88%
1996 2.43% -0.46%
1995 2.78% -1.7%
1994 4.59% -2.05%
1993 4.27% -3.35%
1992 3.1% -3.98%
1991 3.41% -2.72%
1990 7.56% -1.64%
1989 5.48% -0.8%
1988 3.01% -1.06%
1987 2.68% -1.53%
1986 3.08% -2.81%
1985 0.85% -2.63%
1984 -0.42% -2.97%
1983 0.27% -4.26%
1982 1.52% -3.78%
1981 0.15% -1.58%
1980 3.4% -2.17%
1979 4.13% -0.79%
1978 -3.42% -1.7%
1977 -0.19% -2.57%
1976 -0.06% -3.63%
1975 -1.24% -5.4%
1974 1.67% -1.27%
1973 -0.91% -0.86%
1972 -2.51% -1.86%
1971 -1.25% -2.63%
1970 -1.26% -1.21%
1969 -1.62% 2.11%
1968 -2.34% 1.23%
1967 -1.7% 0.47%
1966 - 2.07%
1965 - 2.38%
1964 - 2.18%
1963 - 2.87%
1962 - 2.32%
1961 - 2.28%
1960 - 3.2%
1959 - -9.06%
1958 - -8.68%
1957 - -6.72%
1956 - -6.02%
1955 - -7.4%
1954 - -5.55%
1953 - -5.76%
1952 - -5.41%
1951 - -6.93%
1950 - -8.22%
1949 - -7.94%
1948 - -4.16%
1947 - -3.99%
1946 - -6.45%
1945 - -14.1%
1944 - -13.4%
1943 - -19.3%
1942 - -16.3%
1941 - -10.2%
1940 - -9.73%
1939 - -11.9%
1938 - -10.4%
1937 - -9.22%
1936 - -12.1%
1935 - -13.3%
1934 - -14.9%
1933 - -14.3%
1932 - -12.7%
1931 - -9.76%
1930 - -5.46%
1929 - -4.58%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1929–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/paraguay/united-states | CC BY

In 2024, Paraguay's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $942M, equivalent to 2.12% of GDP. This compares to the United States' deficit of $2.31T, or 8.03% of GDP.

Over the past 58 years, Paraguay recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 of those years, while the United States ran a deficit in 51 years. On average, Paraguay posted an annual surplus equal to 0.53% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.38% of GDP for the United States.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Paraguay

United States
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Paraguay United States
2024 3.84% 2.95%
2023 4.63% 4.12%
2022 9.77% 8%
2021 4.79% 4.7%
2020 1.77% 1.23%
2019 2.76% 1.81%
2018 3.98% 2.44%
2017 3.6% 2.13%
2016 4.09% 1.26%
2015 3.13% 0.12%
2014 5.03% 1.62%
2013 2.68% 1.46%
2012 3.68% 2.07%
2011 8.25% 3.16%
2010 4.65% 1.64%
2009 2.59% -0.36%
2008 10.2% 3.84%
2007 8.13% 2.85%
2006 9.59% 3.23%
2005 6.81% 3.39%
2004 4.32% 2.68%
2003 14.2% 2.27%
2002 10.5% 1.59%
2001 7.27% 2.83%
2000 8.98% 3.38%
1999 6.75% 2.19%
1998 11.6% 1.55%
1997 6.95% 2.34%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/paraguay/united-states | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Paraguay has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.23%, compared with 2.52% in the United States. In 2024, inflation was 3.84% in Paraguay and 2.95% in the United States.

Top exports between countries

Paraguay
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $147M
Raw agricultural goods $70.2M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $47M
Textiles & consumer goods $41.8M
Precious metals & jewellery $39.5M
Machinery & equipment $22.4M
Wood & paper products $22.3M
Metals $15.6M
Chemicals & pharma $10M
Raw materials & minerals $415K
United States
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $2.64B
Chemicals & pharma $197M
Textiles & consumer goods $110M
Raw materials & minerals $110M
Precious metals & jewellery $50.4M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $23.3M
Miscellaneous $20.6M
Animal & marine products $5.11M
Wood & paper products $4.13M
Metals $2.95M

Balance of trade

Paraguay United States
Current account balance
-$1.53B
2024
-$1.19T
2024
Current account balance ranking
133/190
2024
190/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-3.44%
2024
-4.12%
2024
Goods imports
$15.8B
2024
$3.3T
2024
Goods exports
$14.9B
2024
$2.08T
2024
Service imports
$2.54B
2024
$841B
2024
Service exports
$2.65B
2024
$1.15T
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
39.6%
2024
14.3%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
37.2%
2024
11.1%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Paraguay United States
Economic freedom 66.4 72.8
Economic freedom ranking 61/197 27/197
Property rights 44.2 91.6
Government integrity 27.3 77.1
Judicial effectiveness 38.4 76.4
Tax burden 95.9 75.3
Government spending 86.9 57.9
Fiscal health 83 18.5
Business freedom 72 88.6
Labor freedom 44.1 76.3
Monetary freedom 76.5 84.2
Trade freedom 78.4 67.6
Investment freedom 80 80
Financial freedom 70 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Paraguay
United States
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Paraguay United States
2026 66.4 72.8
2025 65.2 70.2
2024 60.1 70.1
2023 61 70.6
2022 62.9 72.1
2021 62.6 74.8
2020 63 76.6
2019 61.8 76.8
2018 62.1 75.7
2017 62.4 75.1
2016 61.5 75.4
2015 61.1 76.2
2014 62 75.5
2013 61.1 76
2012 61.8 76.3
2011 62.3 77.8
2010 61.3 78
2009 61 80.7
2008 60 81
2007 58.3 81.2
2006 55.6 81.2
2005 53.4 79.9
2004 56.7 78.7
2003 58.2 78.2
2002 59.6 78.4
2001 60.3 79.1
2000 64 76.4
1999 63.7 75.5
1998 65.2 75.4
1997 67.3 75.6
1996 67.1 76.7
1995 65.9 76.7

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/paraguay/united-states | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Paraguay is 66.4, ranking 61/197, compared to 72.8 for the United States, ranking 27/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Paraguay United States
Services, % of GDP
48.7%
2024
79.7%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
32.5%
2024
17.3%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
10.7%
2024
0.85%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$43.7B
2024
$28.4T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$17,930
2024
$85,980
2024
Total reserves including gold
$9.89B
2023
$910B
2024
Total reserves ranking
76/177
2023
3/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$335M
2024
$25.1B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.1B
2024
$297B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$166M
2024
$322B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
4.58%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
20.1%
2024
15.1%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.8%
2024
21.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/paraguay/united-states | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1929–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.