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Economy of Cyprus vs New Zealand compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Cyprus has a GDP of $37.6B compared to $260B for New Zealand, ranking 103/197 and 52/197 by economy size, respectively.

Cyprus has $24.5B in government debt (65.1% of GDP), compared to $131B (50.2% of GDP) in New Zealand.

Cyprus vs New Zealand GDP by year

Cyprus
New Zealand
1x
Year GDP, current $
Cyprus New Zealand
2024 $37,634,533,332 $260,172,385,098
2023 $35,075,423,857 $255,194,972,673
2022 $31,218,038,929 $249,509,991,440
2021 $30,372,642,502 $253,977,931,815
2020 $25,555,093,854 $213,029,554,654
2019 $26,196,667,100 $213,006,341,102
2018 $25,754,001,368 $211,985,631,173
2017 $22,946,570,629 $206,745,969,246
2016 $21,046,462,281 $189,100,085,275
2015 $19,909,278,417 $178,224,167,088
2014 $23,225,918,260 $201,518,402,787
2013 $23,959,712,861 $191,012,364,177
2012 $25,047,436,975 $176,560,711,239
2011 $27,641,549,302 $168,484,908,960
2010 $25,799,940,078 $146,887,902,524
2009 $26,048,179,949 $121,663,439,315
2008 $27,844,646,258 $133,437,126,590
2007 $23,968,727,074 $137,188,946,866
2006 $20,072,754,987 $111,538,810,713
2005 $18,433,412,511 $114,720,129,550
2004 $17,320,551,250 $103,905,210,084
2003 $14,547,329,558 $88,250,885,550
2002 $11,420,228,846 $66,627,729,311
2001 $10,397,898,907 $53,872,425,917
2000 $9,985,847,314 $52,623,281,957
1999 $10,497,907,228 $58,762,260,626
1998 $10,248,618,778 $56,227,169,851
1997 $9,547,816,420 $66,075,143,415
1996 $10,011,914,680 $70,140,835,299
1995 $9,933,137,128 $63,918,703,507
1994 $7,425,703,929 $55,314,732,279
1993 $6,590,291,048 $46,775,620,817
1992 $6,912,150,456 $41,649,829,860
1991 $5,770,197,348 $42,745,329,732
1990 $5,591,130,218 $45,495,129,385
1989 $4,563,482,604 $43,920,222,525
1988 $4,278,792,597 $45,176,811,594
1987 $3,704,813,886 $40,376,354,070
1986 $3,090,734,463 $30,604,668,357
1985 $2,430,411,900 $24,679,795,396
1984 $2,278,248,953 $21,665,975,319
1983 $2,160,364,071 $24,309,279,706
1982 $2,159,242,417 $24,164,603,059
1981 $2,087,496,374 $24,417,617,184
1980 $2,154,311,277 $23,244,547,385
1979 $1,288,699,776 $20,731,243,113
1978 $964,024,364 $18,530,518,395
1977 $734,876,021 $15,446,825,318
1976 $576,090,074 $13,604,832,424
1975 $489,912,574 $12,861,983,284
1974 - $13,940,981,798
1973 - $12,802,281,898
1972 - $9,567,331,065
1971 - $7,911,136,757
1970 - $6,495,605,331
1969 - $5,814,357,709
1968 - $5,228,045,415
1967 - $6,016,017,227
1966 - $5,917,437,693
1965 - $5,706,251,400
1964 - $7,340,766,415
1963 - $6,699,741,645
1962 - $6,133,158,532
1961 - $5,721,994,864
1960 - $5,536,098,360

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/cyprus/new-zealand | CC BY

GDP per capita in Cyprus vs New Zealand by year

Cyprus
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
New Zealand
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Cyprus New Zealand
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $27,707 $63,007 $49,205 $55,551
2023 $26,079 $59,875 $49,076 $54,697
2022 $23,448 $55,876 $49,100 $54,034
2021 $23,057 $47,633 $49,950 $48,249
2020 $19,624 $42,569 $41,998 $45,513
2019 $20,360 $44,394 $42,856 $45,278
2018 $20,267 $40,262 $43,257 $42,527
2017 $18,295 $37,768 $42,950 $42,244
2016 $17,013 $35,247 $40,114 $39,989
2015 $16,326 $31,380 $38,665 $37,513
2014 $19,326 $29,893 $44,618 $37,331
2013 $20,238 $30,416 $43,000 $36,263
2012 $21,493 $31,924 $40,054 $33,055
2011 $24,110 $33,406 $38,432 $32,739
2010 $22,876 $33,502 $33,762 $31,305
2009 $23,480 $33,901 $28,277 $30,746
2008 $25,522 $34,830 $31,325 $29,896
2007 $22,344 $32,888 $32,480 $29,331
2006 $19,037 $30,009 $26,655 $27,732
2005 $17,790 $27,763 $27,751 $25,677
2004 $17,016 $25,942 $25,420 $25,124
2003 $14,553 $24,278 $21,914 $23,996
2002 $11,636 $23,556 $16,874 $23,306
2001 $10,785 $22,866 $13,883 $22,511
2000 $10,537 $21,296 $13,641 $21,500
1999 $11,273 $19,663 $15,322 $20,579
1998 $11,206 $18,760 $14,738 $19,323
1997 $10,637 $17,781 $17,474 $19,100
1996 $11,373 $17,320 $18,794 $18,392
1995 $11,514 $17,096 $17,400 $17,864
1994 $8,791 $15,735 $15,280 $17,108
1993 $7,978 $14,852 $13,094 $15,900
1992 $8,530 $14,759 $11,793 $14,877
1991 $7,222 $13,546 $12,230 $14,501
1990 $7,092 $13,348 $13,663 $14,812
1989 $5,870 - $13,312 -
1988 $5,584 - $13,759 -
1987 $4,908 - $12,331 -
1986 $4,159 - $9,428 -
1985 $3,324 - $7,601 -
1984 $3,167 - $6,714 -
1983 $3,055 - $7,598 -
1982 $3,100 - $7,656 -
1981 $3,030 - $7,814 -
1980 $3,154 - $7,467 -
1979 $1,902 - $6,668 -
1978 $1,434 - $5,937 -
1977 $1,102 - $4,951 -
1976 $870 - $4,374 -
1975 $743 - $4,172 -
1974 - - $4,611 -
1973 - - $4,323 -
1972 - - $3,295 -
1971 - - $2,773 -
1970 - - $2,311 -
1969 - - $2,097 -
1968 - - $1,902 -
1967 - - $2,208 -
1966 - - $2,211 -
1965 - - $2,171 -
1964 - - $2,839 -
1963 - - $2,646 -
1962 - - $2,471 -
1961 - - $2,365 -
1960 - - $2,334 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/cyprus/new-zealand | CC BY

Cyprus' GDP per capita is $27,707, ranking 45/197, compared to $49,205 in New Zealand, ranking 26/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Cyprus ranks 29th at $63,007, while New Zealand ranks 38th at $55,551.

Economic indicators

Cyprus New Zealand
Gross domestic product
$37.6B
2024
$260B
2024
GDP rank
103/197
2024
52/197
2024
GDP growth
3.94%
2023-2024
1.29%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$27,707
2024
$49,205
2024
GDP per capita rank
45/197
2024
26/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$63,007
2024
$55,551
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
29/197
2024
38/197
2024
Government debt
$24.5B
2024
$131B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
65.1%
2024
50.2%
2024
Government debt per person
$18,034
2024
$24,722
2024
Government debt per person rank
34/185
2024
28/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$25,384
2026
$37,758
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$10.9B
2024
$92.9B
2024
Number of billionaires
10
2025
5
2025
Income share by richest 10%
26.3%
2023
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2023
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
40%
2024
41.9%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
1.8%
2023-2024
2.92%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
4.87%
2024
4.76%
2024
Population
1386362
5374272

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Cyprus
Spending

Debt
New Zealand
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Cyprus New Zealand
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 40% 65.1% 41.9% 50.2%
2023 42% 73.6% 41.2% 46.9%
2022 38% 81.1% 41.8% 46.9%
2021 42.6% 96.5% 41.9% 47.5%
2020 45.9% 113.6% 42% 43.2%
2019 40.3% 92.3% 38.8% 31.8%
2018 44.3% 100.7% 36.1% 28.1%
2017 38.4% 96.4% 35.6% 31.1%
2016 39.6% 106.8% 36.4% 33.3%
2015 43% 111.6% 37.2% 34.2%
2014 52.1% 113% 37.7% 34.2%
2013 42.1% 102.7% 38.6% 34.5%
2012 41.9% 79.2% 39.7% 35.7%
2011 42.1% 64.8% 42.4% 34.7%
2010 41.7% 55.3% 42.9% 29.6%
2009 41.9% 52.8% 40.3% 24.3%
2008 38.2% 44.1% 38.5% 19%
2007 37.6% 53.1% 37.1% 16.3%
2006 39.1% 59% 37.9% 18.4%
2005 39.7% 64% 37.1% 20.8%
2004 38.6% 64.7% 36.2% 22.5%
2003 40.4% 63% 36.7% 24.7%
2002 37.4% 61% 36.8% 26.4%
2001 35.7% 57.5% 37.2% 28.2%
2000 35% 56% 38.3% 30%
1999 34.3% 55.7% 39.3% 32%
1998 34.4% 55% 40.1% 34.5%
1997 34.2% 53.5% 39.3% 34.6%
1996 32.4% 48.8% 39.9% 37.3%
1995 30.4% 46.7% 41.6% 43.5%
1994 - - 42.8% 48.9%
1993 - - 46.8% 54.6%
1992 - - 52.5% 58.7%
1991 - - 53% 58%
1990 - - 49.6% 55.5%
1989 - - 47.8% 54.9%
1988 - - 46.1% 54.7%
1987 - - 46.1% 62.9%
1986 - - 46.9% 68.5%
1985 - - 46.2% 64.1%
1984 - - 40.7% 62.8%
1983 - - 41.4% 59.6%
1982 - - 39.9% 51.5%
1981 - - 39.1% 50.5%
1980 - - 38% 52.2%
1979 - - 38.4% 52%
1978 - - 36.6% 50%
1977 - - 30% 44.6%
1976 - - 31.6% 47.6%
1975 - - 30.1% 41.4%
1974 - - 27.3% 39.6%
1973 - - 27.1% 44%
1972 - - 26.4% 46%
1971 - - 26.8% 71.3%
1970 - - 24.8% 76.5%
1969 - - 25.9% 85.8%
1968 - - 26.2% 86.5%
1967 - - 26% 59.7%
1966 - - 25% 58.2%
1965 - - 24.9% 59.6%
1964 - - 19.4% 61.8%
1963 - - 19.4% 64.5%
1962 - - 21.6% 65%
1961 - - 21.1% 64.6%
1960 - - 25.3% 68.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/cyprus/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2024, Cyprus' government spending was $15B, accounting for 40% of its GDP, while New Zealand spent $109B, or 41.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 65.1% in Cyprus and 50.2% in New Zealand, ranking 68/185 and 107/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Cyprus

New Zealand
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Cyprus New Zealand
2024 4.28% -3.61%
2023 1.7% -3.54%
2022 2.65% -4.16%
2021 -1.64% -3.5%
2020 -5.57% -4.35%
2019 1.03% -2.5%
2018 -3.36% 1.27%
2017 2.13% 1.36%
2016 0.45% 0.98%
2015 -0.77% 0.36%
2014 -8.8% -0.34%
2013 -5.16% -1.29%
2012 -5.55% -2.19%
2011 -5.65% -4.96%
2010 -4.68% -5.51%
2009 -5.43% -1.81%
2008 0.87% 1.47%
2007 3.23% 3.6%
2006 -1.04% 4.62%
2005 -2.22% 5.13%
2004 -3.71% 4.49%
2003 -5.91% 3.68%
2002 -4.13% 2.55%
2001 -2.11% 1.29%
2000 -2.24% 0.17%
1999 -4.05% -1.11%
1998 -3.85% -0.48%
1997 -4.82% 1.23%
1996 -2.96% 2.58%
1995 -0.71% 3.7%
1994 - 1.99%
1993 - -1.53%
1992 - -6.27%
1991 - -6.14%
1990 - -2.74%
1989 - -2.16%
1988 - -1.88%
1987 - -3.43%
1986 - -5.33%
1985 - -6.97%
1984 - -8.68%
1983 - -6.64%
1982 - -6.26%
1981 - -6.02%
1980 - -4.9%
1979 - -6.55%
1978 - -3.41%
1977 - -1.09%
1976 - -2.07%
1975 - 0.11%
1974 - 0.03%
1973 - -0.07%
1972 - 0.12%
1971 - 0.09%
1970 - -0.05%
1969 - 0.17%
1968 - 0.03%
1967 - 0.02%
1966 - 0.09%
1965 - 0.26%
1964 - -0.08%
1963 - -0.26%
1962 - 0.02%
1961 - 0.03%
1960 - 0.05%
1959 - 0.03%
1958 - -0.02%
1957 - 0.32%
1956 - 1.33%
1955 - 0.73%
1954 - 0.22%
1953 - 0.43%
1952 - 1.73%
1951 - 1.17%
1950 - 0.78%
1949 - 0.53%
1948 - 0.36%
1947 - 1.07%
1946 - 0.31%
1945 - 0.32%
1944 - 0.59%
1943 - 1.24%
1942 - 0.56%
1941 - 0.64%
1940 - 0.13%
1939 - 0.34%
1938 - 0.38%
1937 - 0.23%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 1.19%
1934 - -0.55%
1933 - 0.02%
1932 - -1.77%
1931 - -1.12%
1930 - 0.09%
1929 - -0.37%
1928 - 0.12%
1927 - 0.4%
1926 - 0.72%
1925 - 0.78%
1924 - 1.2%
1923 - 0.95%
1922 - -0.2%
1921 - 3.55%
1920 - 1.51%
1919 - 2.9%
1918 - 4.35%
1917 - 3.89%
1916 - 1.46%
1915 - 0.06%
1914 - 0.45%
1913 - 0.79%
1912 - 0.89%
1911 - 1.24%
1910 - 0.36%
1909 - 0.31%
1908 - 1.26%
1907 - 1.13%
1906 - 0.97%
1905 - 1.41%
1904 - 1.42%
1903 - 0.55%
1902 - 0.63%
1901 - 1.11%
1900 - 1.59%
1899 - 1.15%
1898 - 1.38%
1897 - 0.86%
1896 - 0.65%
1895 - 0.32%
1894 - 0.76%
1893 - 1.14%
1892 - 0.09%
1891 - 0.46%
1890 - 0.05%
1889 - 0.59%
1888 - -1.64%
1887 - -1.63%
1886 - -0.53%
1885 - -0.47%
1884 - -0.1%
1883 - 0.38%
1882 - 0.18%
1881 - -2.33%
1880 - -2.39%
1879 - -0.55%
1878 - -0.85%
1877 - -2.53%
1876 - -5.28%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/cyprus/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2024, Cyprus' government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.61B, equivalent to 4.28% of GDP. This compares to New Zealand's deficit of $9.38B, or 3.61% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, Cyprus recorded a fiscal deficit in 22 of those years, while New Zealand ran a deficit in 14 years. On average, Cyprus posted an annual deficit equal to 2.27% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.03% of GDP for New Zealand.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Cyprus

New Zealand
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Cyprus New Zealand
2024 1.8% 2.92%
2023 3.54% 5.73%
2022 8.4% 7.17%
2021 2.45% 3.94%
2020 -0.64% 1.71%
2019 0.25% 1.62%
2018 1.44% 1.6%
2017 0.53% 1.85%
2016 -1.43% 0.65%
2015 -2.1% 0.29%
2014 -1.35% 1.23%
2013 -0.4% 1.13%
2012 2.39% 1.06%
2011 3.29% 4.03%
2010 2.43% 2.3%
2009 0.33% 2.12%
2008 4.67% 3.96%
2007 2.37% 2.38%
2006 2.3% 3.37%
2005 2.56% 3.04%
2004 2.29% 2.29%
2003 4.14% 1.75%
2002 2.8% 2.68%
2001 1.97% 2.63%
2000 4.14% 2.62%
1999 1.63% -0.11%
1998 2.23% 1.27%
1997 3.61% 1.19%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/cyprus/new-zealand | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Cyprus has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.99%, compared with 2.37% in New Zealand. In 2024, inflation was 1.8% in Cyprus and 2.92% in New Zealand.

Top exports between countries

Cyprus
Export category Export value
Manufacturing & construction services $4.52M
Business & finance services $1.9M
Chemicals & pharma $978K
Animal & marine products $740K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $359K
Machinery & equipment $353K
Transport & tourism services $211K
Miscellaneous $58K
Textiles & consumer goods $51K
Raw materials & minerals $8K
New Zealand
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $5.65M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.4M
Machinery & equipment $237K
Chemicals & pharma $236K
Wood & paper products $228K
Transport & tourism services $100K
Metals $51K
Textiles & consumer goods $23K
Precious metals & jewellery $6K
Raw materials & minerals $1K

Balance of trade

Cyprus New Zealand
Current account balance
-$3.07B
2024
-$12.1B
2024
Current account balance ranking
157/190
2024
178/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-8.16%
2024
-4.65%
2024
Goods imports
$11.9B
2024
$47.3B
2024
Goods exports
$4.43B
2024
$43.3B
2024
Service imports
$23.2B
2024
$19.5B
2024
Service exports
$32.1B
2024
$18.9B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
93.4%
2024
26.4%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
97%
2024
24.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Cyprus New Zealand
Economic freedom 74.1 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 21/197 13/197
Property rights 85.1 85.4
Government integrity 59.7 90
Judicial effectiveness 89.8 95.9
Tax burden 80.8 66.1
Government spending 52.1 48
Fiscal health 91.5 72.2
Business freedom 82.3 89.1
Labor freedom 60.3 68.6
Monetary freedom 78.7 77.4
Trade freedom 79.4 90.6
Investment freedom 70 70
Financial freedom 60 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Cyprus
New Zealand
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Cyprus New Zealand
2026 74.1 77.8
2025 73.2 78.1
2024 72.2 77.8
2023 72.3 78.9
2022 72.9 80.6
2021 71.4 83.9
2020 70.1 84.1
2019 68.1 84.4
2018 67.8 84.2
2017 67.9 83.7
2016 68.7 81.6
2015 67.9 82.1
2014 67.6 81.2
2013 69 81.4
2012 71.8 82.1
2011 73.3 82.3
2010 70.9 82.1
2009 70.8 82
2008 71.3 80.7
2007 71.7 81.4
2006 71.8 82
2005 71.9 82.3
2004 74.1 81.5
2003 73.3 81.1
2002 73 80.7
2001 71 81.1
2000 67.2 80.9
1999 67.8 81.7
1998 68.2 79.2
1997 67.9 79
1996 67.7 78.1

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/cyprus/new-zealand | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Cyprus is 74.1, ranking 21/197, compared to 77.8 for New Zealand, ranking 13/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Cyprus New Zealand
Services, % of GDP
76.5%
2024
67.4%
2022
Industry, % of GDP
11.1%
2024
19.6%
2022
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.16%
2024
4.57%
2022
GNI, Atlas method
$32B
2024
$252B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$56,200
2024
$53,600
2024
Total reserves including gold
$2.09B
2024
$22.1B
2024
Total reserves ranking
124/177
2024
59/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$5.49B
2024
-$878M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$50.4B
2024
$1.76B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$55.9B
2024
$882M
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
13.9%
2021
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
20.7%
2024
22.5%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/cyprus/new-zealand | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1996–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2017–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.