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Economy of Brazil vs Cyprus compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Brazil has a GDP of $2.19T compared to $37.6B for Cyprus, ranking 10/197 and 103/197 by economy size, respectively.

Brazil has $1.91T in government debt (87.3% of GDP), compared to $24.5B (65.1% of GDP) in Cyprus.

Brazil vs Cyprus GDP by year

Brazil
Cyprus
1x
Year GDP, current $
Brazil Cyprus
2024 $2,185,821,648,944 $37,634,533,332
2023 $2,191,131,869,706 $35,075,423,857
2022 $1,951,923,832,084 $31,218,038,929
2021 $1,670,647,464,063 $30,372,642,502
2020 $1,476,107,292,152 $25,555,093,854
2019 $1,873,288,158,839 $26,196,667,100
2018 $1,916,933,708,353 $25,754,001,368
2017 $2,063,514,688,806 $22,946,570,629
2016 $1,795,693,265,999 $21,046,462,281
2015 $1,802,211,999,456 $19,909,278,417
2014 $2,456,043,766,032 $23,225,918,260
2013 $2,472,819,362,044 $23,959,712,861
2012 $2,465,228,293,707 $25,047,436,975
2011 $2,616,156,606,579 $27,641,549,302
2010 $2,208,838,108,484 $25,799,940,078
2009 $1,666,996,294,252 $26,048,179,949
2008 $1,695,855,391,758 $27,844,646,258
2007 $1,397,114,247,189 $23,968,727,074
2006 $1,107,626,711,163 $20,072,754,987
2005 $891,633,826,625 $18,433,412,511
2004 $669,289,321,945 $17,320,551,250
2003 $558,233,724,165 $14,547,329,558
2002 $509,795,270,685 $11,420,228,846
2001 $559,983,704,094 $10,397,898,907
2000 $655,448,188,259 $9,985,847,314
1999 $599,642,075,004 $10,497,907,228
1998 $863,711,007,325 $10,248,618,778
1997 $883,206,452,795 $9,547,816,420
1996 $850,426,433,004 $10,011,914,680
1995 $769,333,330,412 $9,933,137,128
1994 $525,369,851,354 $7,425,703,929
1993 $368,295,778,245 $6,590,291,048
1992 $328,187,960,872 $6,912,150,456
1991 $342,609,231,343 $5,770,197,348
1990 $390,725,626,003 $5,591,130,218
1989 $412,990,820,287 $4,563,482,604
1988 $307,881,930,752 $4,278,792,597
1987 $283,056,836,894 $3,704,813,886
1986 $256,480,852,471 $3,090,734,463
1985 $210,879,844,639 $2,430,411,900
1984 $188,339,974,087 $2,278,248,953
1983 $189,656,506,321 $2,160,364,071
1982 $271,314,113,768 $2,159,242,417
1981 $258,015,174,749 $2,087,496,374
1980 $237,393,489,893 $2,154,311,277
1979 $221,338,204,480 $1,288,699,776
1978 $200,278,646,124 $964,024,364
1977 $176,344,101,402 $734,876,021
1976 $153,168,949,208 $576,090,074
1975 $129,203,555,239 $489,912,574
1974 $109,794,519,728 -
1973 $83,592,275,863 -
1972 $58,434,858,375 -
1971 $48,869,830,902 -
1970 $42,327,664,794 -
1969 $37,171,640,819 -
1968 $33,930,457,425 -
1967 $31,086,389,195 -
1966 $28,283,323,733 -
1965 $22,465,522,884 -
1964 $20,963,733,695 -
1963 $23,287,712,878 -
1962 $19,231,747,852 -
1961 $17,275,940,449 -
1960 $17,030,465,539 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/cyprus | CC BY

GDP per capita in Brazil vs Cyprus by year

Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Cyprus
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Brazil Cyprus
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $10,311 $22,338 $27,707 $63,007
2023 $10,378 $21,176 $26,079 $59,875
2022 $9,281 $19,877 $23,448 $55,876
2021 $7,973 $18,076 $23,057 $47,633
2020 $7,074 $16,102 $19,624 $42,569
2019 $9,030 $16,070 $20,360 $44,394
2018 $9,301 $15,464 $20,267 $40,262
2017 $10,081 $14,559 $18,295 $37,768
2016 $8,836 $14,309 $17,013 $35,247
2015 $8,936 $14,821 $16,326 $31,380
2014 $12,275 $15,827 $19,326 $29,893
2013 $12,459 $15,722 $20,238 $30,416
2012 $12,522 $15,198 $21,493 $31,924
2011 $13,397 $15,212 $24,110 $33,406
2010 $11,403 $14,452 $22,876 $33,502
2009 $8,679 $13,391 $23,480 $33,901
2008 $8,908 $13,445 $25,522 $34,830
2007 $7,410 $12,673 $22,344 $32,888
2006 $5,934 $11,751 $19,037 $30,009
2005 $4,828 $11,081 $17,790 $27,763
2004 $3,664 $10,526 $17,016 $25,942
2003 $3,091 $9,802 $14,553 $24,278
2002 $2,856 $9,617 $11,636 $23,556
2001 $3,176 $9,304 $10,785 $22,866
2000 $3,767 $9,092 $10,537 $21,296
1999 $3,494 $8,635 $11,273 $19,663
1998 $5,106 $8,599 $11,206 $18,760
1997 $5,299 $8,602 $10,637 $17,781
1996 $5,179 $8,301 $11,373 $17,320
1995 $4,757 $8,097 $11,514 $17,096
1994 $3,299 $7,727 $8,791 $15,735
1993 $2,349 $7,260 $7,978 $14,852
1992 $2,127 $6,869 $8,530 $14,759
1991 $2,258 $6,867 $7,222 $13,546
1990 $2,620 $6,688 $7,092 $13,348
1989 $2,819 - $5,870 -
1988 $2,141 - $5,584 -
1987 $2,006 - $4,908 -
1986 $1,854 - $4,159 -
1985 $1,556 - $3,324 -
1984 $1,420 - $3,167 -
1983 $1,461 - $3,055 -
1982 $2,138 - $3,100 -
1981 $2,080 - $3,030 -
1980 $1,959 - $3,154 -
1979 $1,870 - $1,902 -
1978 $1,733 - $1,434 -
1977 $1,562 - $1,102 -
1976 $1,390 - $870 -
1975 $1,201 - $743 -
1974 $1,045 - - -
1973 $815 - - -
1972 $583 - - -
1971 $500 - - -
1970 $444 - - -
1969 $399 - - -
1968 $374 - - -
1967 $351 - - -
1966 $328 - - -
1965 $268 - - -
1964 $257.3 - - -
1963 $294.2 - - -
1962 $250.2 - - -
1961 $231.6 - - -
1960 $235.3 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/cyprus | CC BY

Brazil's GDP per capita is $10,311, ranking 85/197, compared to $27,707 in Cyprus, ranking 45/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Brazil ranks 88th at $22,338, while Cyprus ranks 29th at $63,007.

Economic indicators

Brazil Cyprus
Gross domestic product
$2.19T
2024
$37.6B
2024
GDP rank
10/197
2024
103/197
2024
GDP growth
3.42%
2023-2024
3.94%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$10,311
2024
$27,707
2024
GDP per capita rank
85/197
2024
45/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,338
2024
$63,007
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
88/197
2024
29/197
2024
Government debt
$1.91T
2024
$24.5B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
87.3%
2024
65.1%
2024
Government debt per person
$8,999
2024
$18,034
2024
Government debt per person rank
60/185
2024
34/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,263
2026
$25,384
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$659B
2024
$10.9B
2024
Number of millionaires
433,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
56
2025
10
2025
Income share by richest 10%
40.8%
2023
26.3%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2023
3.6%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
45.7%
2024
40%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.4%
2023-2024
1.8%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
15%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
6.8%
2024
4.87%
2024
Population
213824938
1386362

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Brazil
Spending

Debt
Cyprus
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Brazil Cyprus
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 45.7% 87.3% 40% 65.1%
2023 45.3% 84% 42% 73.6%
2022 43.4% 83.9% 38% 81.1%
2021 40.4% 88.9% 42.6% 96.5%
2020 46.2% 96% 45.9% 113.6%
2019 43% 87.1% 40.3% 92.3%
2018 44.2% 84.8% 44.3% 100.7%
2017 44.3% 82.7% 38.4% 96.4%
2016 45.5% 77.4% 39.6% 106.8%
2015 46.2% 71.7% 43% 111.6%
2014 41.4% 61.6% 52.1% 113%
2013 39.8% 59.6% 42.1% 102.7%
2012 39.3% 61.6% 41.9% 79.2%
2011 39.4% 60.6% 42.1% 64.8%
2010 39.5% 62.4% 41.7% 55.3%
2009 40.5% 64.7% 41.9% 52.8%
2008 39.9% 61.4% 38.2% 44.1%
2007 40.4% 63% 37.6% 53.1%
2006 42.6% 64.6% 39.1% 59%
2005 41.9% 67% 39.7% 64%
2004 39.7% 68% 38.6% 64.7%
2003 41.3% 71.5% 40.4% 63%
2002 44.5% 76.1% 37.4% 61%
2001 39.8% 67.3% 35.7% 57.5%
2000 34.5% 62.2% 35% 56%
1999 39.6% 44.5% 34.3% 55.7%
1998 40.9% 38.9% 34.4% 55%
1997 38.6% 31.8% 34.2% 53.5%
1996 38.2% 30.7% 32.4% 48.8%
1995 - 28% 30.4% 46.7%
1994 - 30% - -
1993 - 32.6% - -
1992 - 37.1% - -
1991 - 38.1% - -
1990 - 40.6% - -
1989 - 40.2% - -
1988 - 46.9% - -
1987 - 50.3% - -
1986 11.7% 49.4% - -
1985 11.1% 52.6% - -
1984 10% 55.8% - -
1983 9.7% 51.5% - -
1982 8.1% 32.8% - -
1981 7.8% 34.6% - -
1980 6.8% 39.7% - -
1979 9% 36.6% - -
1978 10.2% 37% - -
1977 10.4% 31% - -
1976 10.6% 31.8% - -
1975 10.7% 27.7% - -
1974 10.5% 25.7% - -
1973 11% 22.4% - -
1972 12.6% 22.5% - -
1971 11.7% 17.9% - -
1970 11.4% 17% - -
1969 11.2% 16.5% - -
1968 14.4% 15.8% - -
1967 13.5% 13.8% - -
1966 14.6% 19.6% - -
1965 14% 17.6% - -
1964 25.4% 22.2% - -
1963 22.8% 20.4% - -
1962 23.1% 23.7% - -
1961 12% 25.7% - -
1960 13.7% 22.3% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1995–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/cyprus | CC BY

In 2024, Brazil's government spending was $998B, accounting for 45.7% of its GDP, while Cyprus spent $15B, or 40% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 87.3% in Brazil and 65.1% in Cyprus, ranking 38/185 and 68/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Brazil

Cyprus
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Brazil Cyprus
2024 -6.19% 4.28%
2023 -7.71% 1.7%
2022 -3.96% 2.65%
2021 -2.63% -1.64%
2020 -11.6% -5.57%
2019 -4.86% 1.03%
2018 -6.99% -3.36%
2017 -7.97% 2.13%
2016 -7.99% 0.45%
2015 -9.28% -0.77%
2014 -6.27% -8.8%
2013 -3.42% -5.16%
2012 -2.35% -5.55%
2011 -2.74% -5.65%
2010 -3.55% -4.68%
2009 -4.23% -5.43%
2008 -2.39% 0.87%
2007 -2.66% 3.23%
2006 -4.87% -1.04%
2005 -3.36% -2.22%
2004 -2.95% -3.71%
2003 -5.4% -5.91%
2002 -4.15% -4.13%
2001 -3.47% -2.11%
2000 -3.32% -2.24%
1999 -5.17% -4.05%
1998 -7.22% -3.85%
1997 -5.6% -4.82%
1996 -5.35% -2.96%
1995 - -0.71%
1994 - -
1993 - -
1992 - -
1991 - -
1990 - -
1989 - -
1988 - -
1987 - -
1986 -1.6% -
1985 -1.3% -
1984 -0.4% -
1983 0.1% -
1982 1.4% -
1981 1% -
1980 2.5% -
1979 0.4% -
1978 -0.1% -
1977 0.1% -
1976 0.1% -
1975 0% -
1974 0.6% -
1973 0.1% -
1972 -0.1% -
1971 -0.3% -
1970 -0.4% -
1969 -0.6% -
1968 -1.6% -
1967 -2.1% -
1966 -1.3% -
1965 -2% -
1964 -8.79% -
1963 -5.78% -
1962 -6.82% -
1961 -2.93% -
1960 -3.85% -
1959 -0.18% -
1958 -0.76% -
1957 -0.29% -
1956 -0.14% -
1955 -0.62% -
1954 -0.49% -
1953 -1.26% -
1952 0.64% -
1951 0.87% -
1950 -1.58% -
1949 -1.22% -
1948 0.002% -
1947 0.25% -
1946 -1.78% -
1945 -2.87% -
1944 -2.37% -
1943 -0.75% -
1942 -2.55% -
1941 -2.15% -
1940 -1.13% -
1939 -1.2% -
1938 -0.59% -
1937 -1.62% -
1936 -0.27% -
1935 -0.5% -
1934 -2.28% -
1933 -1.56% -
1932 -6.47% -
1931 -1.56% -
1930 -3.58% -
1929 -0.09% -
1928 0.57% -
1927 0.12% -
1926 -0.76% -
1925 -0.07% -
1924 -0.45% -
1923 -1.94% -
1922 -3.8% -
1921 -2.98% -
1920 -3.11% -
1919 -3.69% -
1918 -4.51% -
1917 -4.8% -
1916 -4.35% -
1915 -6.33% -
1914 -7.32% -
1913 -1.91% -
1912 -3.05% -
1911 -2.15% -
1910 -2.06% -
1909 -1.62% -
1908 -1.89% -
1907 0.38% -
1906 0.28% -
1905 0.96% -
1904 -0.62% -
1903 1.79% -
1902 1.59% -
1901 -2.46% -
1900 -5.57% -
1899 -2.13% -
1898 -14% -
1897 -2.38% -
1896 -0.79% -
1895 -1.33% -
1894 -4.11% -
1893 -1.77% -
1892 -2.6% -
1891 0.51% -
1890 -3.02% -
1889 -3.79% -
1888 0.63% -
1887 -0.76% -
1886 -3.8% -
1885 -5.71% -
1884 -3.89% -
1883 -3.33% -
1882 -1.58% -
1881 -1.9% -
1880 -4.84% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1995–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/cyprus | CC BY

In 2024, Brazil's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $135B, equivalent to 6.19% of GDP. This compares to Cyprus' surplus of $1.61B, or 4.28% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, Brazil recorded a fiscal deficit in 29 of those years, while Cyprus ran a deficit in 22 years. On average, Brazil posted an annual deficit equal to 5.09% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.27% of GDP for Cyprus.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Brazil

Cyprus
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Brazil Cyprus
2024 4.4% 1.8%
2023 4.6% 3.54%
2022 9.3% 8.4%
2021 8.3% 2.45%
2020 3.2% -0.64%
2019 3.7% 0.25%
2018 3.7% 1.44%
2017 3.4% 0.53%
2016 8.7% -1.43%
2015 9% -2.1%
2014 6.3% -1.35%
2013 6.2% -0.4%
2012 5.4% 2.39%
2011 6.6% 3.29%
2010 5% 2.43%
2009 4.9% 0.33%
2008 5.7% 4.67%
2007 3.6% 2.37%
2006 4.2% 2.3%
2005 6.9% 2.56%
2004 6.6% 2.29%
2003 14.7% 4.14%
2002 8.4% 2.8%
2001 6.8% 1.97%
2000 7% 4.14%
1999 4.9% 1.63%
1998 3.2% 2.23%
1997 6.9% 3.61%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/cyprus | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Brazil has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.13%, compared with 1.99% in Cyprus. In 2024, inflation was 4.4% in Brazil and 1.8% in Cyprus.

Top exports between countries

Brazil
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $54M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $6.45M
Wood & paper products $4.85M
Raw agricultural goods $4.61M
Metals $3.94M
Machinery & equipment $1.46M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.24M
Chemicals & pharma $758K
Animal & marine products $640K
Weapons & explosives $73K
Cyprus
Export category Export value
Transport & tourism services $2.7M
Machinery & equipment $1.1M
Chemicals & pharma $713K
Business & finance services $105K
Textiles & consumer goods $82K
Precious metals & jewellery $78K
Miscellaneous $41K
Animal & marine products $4K
Raw materials & minerals $4K
Metals $2K

Balance of trade

Brazil Cyprus
Current account balance
-$66.2B
2024
-$3.07B
2024
Current account balance ranking
188/190
2024
157/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-3.03%
2024
-8.16%
2024
Goods imports
$274B
2024
$11.9B
2024
Goods exports
$340B
2024
$4.43B
2024
Service imports
$103B
2024
$23.2B
2024
Service exports
$48.1B
2024
$32.1B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.6%
2024
93.4%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.9%
2024
97%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Brazil Cyprus
Economic freedom 52.4 74.1
Economic freedom ranking 148/197 21/197
Property rights 49.2 85.1
Government integrity 37.2 59.7
Judicial effectiveness 55.6 89.8
Tax burden 70.6 80.8
Government spending 39.8 52.1
Fiscal health 28 91.5
Business freedom 65.7 82.3
Labor freedom 57 60.3
Monetary freedom 76 78.7
Trade freedom 69 79.4
Investment freedom 40 70
Financial freedom 40 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Brazil
Cyprus
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Brazil Cyprus
2026 52.4 74.1
2025 55.1 73.2
2024 53.2 72.2
2023 53.5 72.3
2022 53.3 72.9
2021 53.4 71.4
2020 53.7 70.1
2019 51.9 68.1
2018 51.4 67.8
2017 52.9 67.9
2016 56.5 68.7
2015 56.6 67.9
2014 56.9 67.6
2013 57.7 69
2012 57.9 71.8
2011 56.3 73.3
2010 55.6 70.9
2009 56.7 70.8
2008 56.2 71.3
2007 56.2 71.7
2006 60.9 71.8
2005 61.7 71.9
2004 62 74.1
2003 63.4 73.3
2002 61.5 73
2001 61.9 71
2000 61.1 67.2
1999 61.3 67.8
1998 52.3 68.2
1997 52.6 67.9
1996 48.1 67.7
1995 51.4 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/cyprus | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Brazil is 52.4, ranking 148/197, compared to 74.1 for Cyprus, ranking 21/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Brazil Cyprus
Services, % of GDP
59.2%
2024
76.5%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
20.9%
2024
11.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.75%
2024
1.16%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.11T
2024
$32B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$21,590
2024
$56,200
2024
Total reserves including gold
$330B
2024
$2.09B
2024
Total reserves ranking
11/177
2024
124/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$47.8B
2024
-$5.49B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$74.1B
2024
-$50.4B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$26.3B
2024
-$55.9B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.4%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
4.2%
2020
13.9%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17%
2024
20.7%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/cyprus | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1995–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.