Skip to content

Economy of Austria vs Cyprus compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Austria has a GDP of $535B compared to $37.6B for Cyprus, ranking 30/197 and 103/197 by economy size, respectively.

Austria has $432B in government debt (80.8% of GDP), compared to $24.5B (65.1% of GDP) in Cyprus.

Austria vs Cyprus GDP by year

Austria
Cyprus
1x
Year GDP, current $
Austria Cyprus
2024 $534,790,720,467 $37,634,533,332
2023 $516,670,509,629 $35,075,423,857
2022 $473,221,298,968 $31,218,038,929
2021 $480,466,363,177 $30,372,642,502
2020 $434,397,601,558 $25,555,093,854
2019 $442,983,642,372 $26,196,667,100
2018 $452,582,294,973 $25,754,001,368
2017 $414,926,138,133 $22,946,570,629
2016 $393,687,359,770 $21,046,462,281
2015 $379,546,097,301 $19,909,278,417
2014 $438,556,021,078 $23,225,918,260
2013 $426,580,502,769 $23,959,712,861
2012 $406,750,487,604 $25,047,436,975
2011 $428,954,737,064 $27,641,549,302
2010 $389,827,789,218 $25,799,940,078
2009 $399,290,118,782 $26,048,179,949
2008 $429,234,399,096 $27,844,646,258
2007 $386,760,177,589 $23,968,727,074
2006 $333,905,979,332 $20,072,754,987
2005 $313,952,317,331 $18,433,412,511
2004 $299,210,411,455 $17,320,551,250
2003 $260,779,834,340 $14,547,329,558
2002 $212,837,224,023 $11,420,228,846
2001 $196,477,206,829 $10,397,898,907
2000 $196,181,599,831 $9,985,847,314
1999 $216,421,809,126 $10,497,907,228
1998 $217,068,085,816 $10,248,618,778
1997 $211,724,812,267 $9,547,816,420
1996 $235,952,581,232 $10,011,914,680
1995 $240,094,169,510 $9,933,137,128
1994 $202,738,023,130 $7,425,703,929
1993 $189,634,029,339 $6,590,291,048
1992 $194,314,032,056 $6,912,150,456
1991 $173,113,449,617 $5,770,197,348
1990 $165,811,372,383 $5,591,130,218
1989 $132,584,448,258 $4,563,482,604
1988 $132,817,124,707 $4,278,792,597
1987 $123,682,091,859 $3,704,813,886
1986 $98,648,254,169 $3,090,734,463
1985 $69,114,996,010 $2,430,411,900
1984 $67,719,055,773 $2,278,248,953
1983 $71,838,528,420 $2,160,364,071
1982 $70,996,111,963 $2,159,242,417
1981 $70,755,997,062 $2,087,496,374
1980 $81,737,498,405 $2,154,311,277
1979 $73,647,694,287 $1,288,699,776
1978 $61,809,208,756 $964,024,364
1977 $51,343,861,460 $734,876,021
1976 $42,791,707,448 $576,090,074
1975 $39,902,300,703 $489,912,574
1974 $35,051,468,640 -
1973 $29,399,860,145 -
1972 $21,973,207,929 -
1971 $17,788,536,733 -
1970 $15,312,791,744 -
1969 $13,647,475,854 -
1968 $12,499,863,917 -
1967 $11,634,569,522 -
1966 $10,939,526,219 -
1965 $10,041,659,445 -
1964 $9,213,648,656 -
1963 $8,414,050,621 -
1962 $7,793,042,529 -
1961 $7,346,566,038 -
1960 $6,624,086,313 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/cyprus | CC BY

GDP per capita in Austria vs Cyprus by year

Austria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Cyprus
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Austria Cyprus
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $58,269 $73,911 $27,707 $63,007
2023 $56,580 $73,545 $26,079 $59,875
2022 $52,337 $72,065 $23,448 $55,876
2021 $53,649 $62,969 $23,057 $47,633
2020 $48,716 $58,523 $19,624 $42,569
2019 $49,886 $60,355 $20,360 $44,394
2018 $51,194 $56,636 $20,267 $40,262
2017 $47,164 $53,870 $18,295 $37,768
2016 $45,061 $52,398 $17,013 $35,247
2015 $43,915 $49,549 $16,326 $31,380
2014 $51,315 $48,355 $19,326 $29,893
2013 $50,305 $47,520 $20,238 $30,416
2012 $48,250 $46,156 $21,493 $31,924
2011 $51,117 $44,172 $24,110 $33,406
2010 $46,611 $41,735 $22,876 $33,502
2009 $47,857 $40,687 $23,480 $33,901
2008 $51,581 $41,047 $25,522 $34,830
2007 $46,623 $39,192 $22,344 $32,888
2006 $40,382 $37,388 $19,037 $30,009
2005 $38,157 $34,777 $17,790 $27,763
2004 $36,614 $33,519 $17,016 $25,942
2003 $32,110 $31,959 $14,553 $24,278
2002 $26,335 $30,952 $11,636 $23,556
2001 $24,430 $29,553 $10,785 $22,866
2000 $24,487 $29,221 $10,537 $21,296
1999 $27,079 $27,500 $11,273 $19,663
1998 $27,212 $26,531 $11,206 $18,760
1997 $26,572 $25,301 $10,637 $17,781
1996 $29,646 $24,427 $11,373 $17,320
1995 $30,207 $23,604 $11,514 $17,096
1994 $25,546 $22,553 $8,791 $15,735
1993 $23,987 $21,647 $7,978 $14,852
1992 $24,783 $21,209 $8,530 $14,759
1991 $22,323 $20,536 $7,222 $13,546
1990 $21,596 $19,396 $7,092 $13,348
1989 $17,401 - $5,870 -
1988 $17,510 - $5,584 -
1987 $16,329 - $4,908 -
1986 $13,032 - $4,159 -
1985 $9,136 - $3,324 -
1984 $8,956 - $3,167 -
1983 $9,500 - $3,055 -
1982 $9,373 - $3,100 -
1981 $9,348 - $3,030 -
1980 $10,827 - $3,154 -
1979 $9,755 - $1,902 -
1978 $8,173 - $1,434 -
1977 $6,784 - $1,102 -
1976 $5,656 - $870 -
1975 $5,265 - $743 -
1974 $4,613 - - -
1973 $3,875 - - -
1972 $2,913 - - -
1971 $2,372 - - -
1970 $2,051 - - -
1969 $1,834 - - -
1968 $1,686 - - -
1967 $1,577 - - -
1966 $1,494 - - -
1965 $1,381 - - -
1964 $1,275 - - -
1963 $1,173 - - -
1962 $1,093 - - -
1961 $1,037 - - -
1960 $940 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/cyprus | CC BY

Austria's GDP per capita is $58,269, ranking 16/197, compared to $27,707 in Cyprus, ranking 45/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Austria ranks 19th at $73,911, while Cyprus ranks 29th at $63,007.

Economic indicators

Austria Cyprus
Gross domestic product
$535B
2024
$37.6B
2024
GDP rank
30/197
2024
103/197
2024
GDP growth
-0.66%
2023-2024
3.94%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$58,269
2024
$27,707
2024
GDP per capita rank
16/197
2024
45/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,911
2024
$63,007
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
19/197
2024
29/197
2024
Government debt
$432B
2024
$24.5B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
80.8%
2024
65.1%
2024
Government debt per person
$47,075
2024
$18,034
2024
Government debt per person rank
10/185
2024
34/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$40,736
2026
$25,384
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$121B
2024
$10.9B
2024
Number of billionaires
9
2025
10
2025
Income share by richest 10%
24.8%
2023
26.3%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2023
3.6%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
56%
2024
40%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.94%
2023-2024
1.8%
2023-2024
Unemployment rate
5.16%
2024
4.87%
2024
Population
9163419
1386362

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Austria
Spending

Debt
Cyprus
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Austria Cyprus
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 56% 80.8% 40% 65.1%
2023 52.7% 78.5% 42% 73.6%
2022 53% 78.4% 38% 81.1%
2021 56% 82.4% 42.6% 96.5%
2020 57.3% 83.2% 45.9% 113.6%
2019 49.1% 71% 40.3% 92.3%
2018 49.2% 74.6% 44.3% 100.7%
2017 49.8% 79.1% 38.4% 96.4%
2016 50.6% 83.4% 39.6% 106.8%
2015 51.2% 85.6% 43% 111.6%
2014 52.4% 85.2% 52.1% 113%
2013 52.4% 82.4% 42.1% 102.7%
2012 51.8% 82.9% 41.9% 79.2%
2011 51.3% 83.4% 42.1% 64.8%
2010 53.4% 83.7% 41.7% 55.3%
2009 54.6% 80.8% 41.9% 52.8%
2008 50.4% 69.5% 38.2% 44.1%
2007 49.7% 65.8% 37.6% 53.1%
2006 50.9% 68.2% 39.1% 59%
2005 51.7% 69.4% 39.7% 64%
2004 54.3% 65.9% 38.6% 64.7%
2003 51.8% 66.4% 40.4% 63%
2002 51.6% 67.4% 37.4% 61%
2001 51.8% 67.2% 35.7% 57.5%
2000 50.9% 66.1% 35% 56%
1999 50.5% 61.3% 34.3% 55.7%
1998 54.4% 69.2% 34.4% 55%
1997 52.5% 63.4% 34.2% 53.5%
1996 55.9% 68.2% 32.4% 48.8%
1995 56.1% 68.2% 30.4% 46.7%
1994 54.3% 64.1% - -
1993 54.3% 61% - -
1992 49.3% 56.3% - -
1991 47.9% 56.4% - -
1990 46.8% 56.2% - -
1989 51.6% 56.6% - -
1988 53.1% 57.7% - -
1987 54.5% 55.5% - -
1986 54.3% 52% - -
1985 53.5% 47.8% - -
1984 52.6% 46% - -
1983 52.4% 43.7% - -
1982 52% 39.7% - -
1981 51.5% 37.5% - -
1980 50% 35.6% - -
1979 49.8% 34.1% - -
1978 50.8% 32.2% - -
1977 47.6% 28.5% - -
1976 47.9% 26.2% - -
1975 46.1% 22.8% - -
1974 42% 16.8% - -
1973 41.5% 16.7% - -
1972 40.1% 16.7% - -
1971 40% 17.4% - -
1970 39.5% 18.6% - -
1969 40.7% 16.8% - -
1968 40.9% 16.8% - -
1967 40.7% 15.6% - -
1966 38.7% 14.1% - -
1965 38.3% 14.8% - -
1964 38.7% 15.5% - -
1963 38.6% 15.6% - -
1962 37.6% 15.5% - -
1961 35.7% 16% - -
1960 36.3% 17.7% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/cyprus | CC BY

In 2024, Austria's government spending was $300B, accounting for 56% of its GDP, while Cyprus spent $15B, or 40% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 80.8% in Austria and 65.1% in Cyprus, ranking 44/185 and 68/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Austria

Cyprus
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Austria Cyprus
2024 -4.64% 4.28%
2023 -2.62% 1.7%
2022 -3.31% 2.65%
2021 -5.69% -1.64%
2020 -8.2% -5.57%
2019 0.54% 1.03%
2018 0.2% -3.36%
2017 -0.78% 2.13%
2016 -1.45% 0.45%
2015 -0.48% -0.77%
2014 -1.92% -8.8%
2013 -1.99% -5.16%
2012 -2.18% -5.55%
2011 -2.48% -5.65%
2010 -4.46% -4.68%
2009 -5.38% -5.43%
2008 -1.57% 0.87%
2007 -1.56% 3.23%
2006 -2.61% -1.04%
2005 -2.59% -2.22%
2004 -4.94% -3.71%
2003 -1.84% -5.91%
2002 -1.43% -4.13%
2001 -0.71% -2.11%
2000 -2.07% -2.24%
1999 -2.63% -4.05%
1998 -2.68% -3.85%
1997 -2.38% -4.82%
1996 -4.38% -2.96%
1995 -6.17% -0.71%
1994 -5.04% -
1993 -4.57% -
1992 -2.15% -
1991 -2.96% -
1990 -2.58% -
1989 -3.07% -
1988 -3.43% -
1987 -4.33% -
1986 -3.84% -
1985 -2.71% -
1984 -2.67% -
1983 -4.22% -
1982 -3.29% -
1981 -1.79% -
1980 -1.62% -
1979 -2.3% -
1978 -2.67% -
1977 -2.11% -
1976 -3.61% -
1975 -2.41% -
1974 1.23% -
1973 1.24% -
1972 1.97% -
1971 1.46% -
1970 1.16% -
1969 -0.08% -
1968 -0.83% -
1967 -0.56% -
1966 1.73% -
1965 1.38% -
1964 0.48% -
1963 -0.5% -
1962 1.12% -
1961 1.68% -
1960 -0.49% -
1959 -2.16% -
1958 -3.52% -
1957 -0.7% -
1956 -0.78% -
1955 -0.5% -
1954 -0.35% -
1953 -0.24% -
1952 -0.73% -
1951 -1.57% -
1950 -7.72% -
1949 -9.23% -
1948 -9.3% -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 -2.84% -
1936 -3.91% -
1935 -5.46% -
1934 -5.28% -
1933 -3.55% -
1932 -9.16% -
1931 -11.5% -
1930 -9.68% -
1929 -6.83% -
1928 -7.63% -
1927 -7.3% -
1926 -6.18% -
1925 -4.96% -
1924 -5.69% -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -
1912 -0.69% -
1911 0.03% -
1910 -0.42% -
1909 -5.51% -
1908 -1.24% -
1907 -2.73% -
1906 -0.05% -
1905 -0.71% -
1904 -1.12% -
1903 -0.97% -
1902 -0.75% -
1901 -0.56% -
1900 -0.05% -
1899 -0.08% -
1898 -0.17% -
1897 0.1% -
1896 0.03% -
1895 0.36% -
1894 -1.16% -
1893 -1.31% -
1892 -0.86% -
1891 -4.01% -
1890 -0.26% -
1889 -1.61% -
1888 -0.97% -
1887 -1.09% -
1886 -0.43% -
1885 -0.57% -
1884 -6.43% -
1883 -0.69% -
1882 -1.06% -
1881 -3.91% -
1880 -1.4% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/cyprus | CC BY

In 2024, Austria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $24.8B, equivalent to 4.64% of GDP. This compares to Cyprus' surplus of $1.61B, or 4.28% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, Austria recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 of those years, while Cyprus ran a deficit in 22 years. On average, Austria posted an annual deficit equal to 2.75% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.27% of GDP for Cyprus.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Austria

Cyprus
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Austria Cyprus
2024 2.94% 1.8%
2023 7.81% 3.54%
2022 8.55% 8.4%
2021 2.77% 2.45%
2020 1.38% -0.64%
2019 1.53% 0.25%
2018 2% 1.44%
2017 2.08% 0.53%
2016 0.89% -1.43%
2015 0.9% -2.1%
2014 1.61% -1.35%
2013 2% -0.4%
2012 2.49% 2.39%
2011 3.29% 3.29%
2010 1.81% 2.43%
2009 0.51% 0.33%
2008 3.22% 4.67%
2007 2.17% 2.37%
2006 1.44% 2.3%
2005 2.3% 2.56%
2004 2.06% 2.29%
2003 1.36% 4.14%
2002 1.81% 2.8%
2001 2.65% 1.97%
2000 2.34% 4.14%
1999 0.57% 1.63%
1998 0.92% 2.23%
1997 1.31% 3.61%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/cyprus | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Austria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.31%, compared with 1.99% in Cyprus. In 2024, inflation was 2.94% in Austria and 1.8% in Cyprus.

Top exports between countries

Austria
Export category Export value
IT & IP services $65.1M
Machinery & equipment $63.6M
Transport & tourism services $61.5M
Business & finance services $54.3M
Textiles & consumer goods $21.3M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $12.3M
Chemicals & pharma $7.46M
Government & miscellaneous services $5.38M
Wood & paper products $4.37M
Manufacturing & construction services $3.78M
Cyprus
Export category Export value
Transport & tourism services $83.7M
Business & finance services $21.4M
Animal & marine products $8.06M
Chemicals & pharma $6.99M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.9M
Machinery & equipment $594K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $231K
IT & IP services $224K
Raw agricultural goods $185K
Precious metals & jewellery $96K

Balance of trade

Austria Cyprus
Current account balance
$8.19B
2024
-$3.07B
2024
Current account balance ranking
25/190
2024
157/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.53%
2024
-8.16%
2024
Goods imports
$195B
2024
$11.9B
2024
Goods exports
$201B
2024
$4.43B
2024
Service imports
$90.5B
2024
$23.2B
2024
Service exports
$96.6B
2024
$32.1B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
53.1%
2024
93.4%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
55.7%
2024
97%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Austria Cyprus
Economic freedom 69.8 74.1
Economic freedom ranking 38/197 21/197
Property rights 95.7 85.1
Government integrity 75 59.7
Judicial effectiveness 94.8 89.8
Tax burden 45.7 80.8
Government spending 12.8 52.1
Fiscal health 67.1 91.5
Business freedom 78.7 82.3
Labor freedom 81.6 60.3
Monetary freedom 76.4 78.7
Trade freedom 79.4 79.4
Investment freedom 60 70
Financial freedom 70 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Austria
Cyprus
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Austria Cyprus
2026 69.8 74.1
2025 69.7 73.2
2024 68.4 72.2
2023 71.1 72.3
2022 73.8 72.9
2021 73.9 71.4
2020 73.3 70.1
2019 72 68.1
2018 71.8 67.8
2017 72.3 67.9
2016 71.7 68.7
2015 71.2 67.9
2014 72.4 67.6
2013 71.8 69
2012 70.3 71.8
2011 71.9 73.3
2010 71.6 70.9
2009 71.2 70.8
2008 71.4 71.3
2007 71.6 71.7
2006 71.1 71.8
2005 68.8 71.9
2004 67.6 74.1
2003 67.6 73.3
2002 67.4 73
2001 68.1 71
2000 68.4 67.2
1999 64 67.8
1998 65.4 68.2
1997 65.2 67.9
1996 68.9 67.7
1995 70 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/cyprus | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Austria is 69.8, ranking 38/197, compared to 74.1 for Cyprus, ranking 21/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Austria Cyprus
Services, % of GDP
64%
2024
76.5%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24.6%
2024
11.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.22%
2024
1.16%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$503B
2024
$32B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$74,160
2024
$56,200
2024
Total reserves including gold
$35.4B
2024
$2.09B
2024
Total reserves ranking
53/177
2024
124/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$135M
2024
-$5.49B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.7B
2024
-$50.4B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13.8B
2024
-$55.9B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.8%
2021
13.9%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.6%
2024
20.7%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/cyprus | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2019–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.