Skip to content

Economy of Belarus vs Spain compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Belarus has a GDP of $76B compared to $1.73T for Spain, ranking 83/197 and 15/197 by economy size, respectively.

Belarus has $30.3B in government debt (39.9% of GDP), compared to $1.75T (101.6% of GDP) in Spain.

Belarus vs Spain GDP by year

Belarus
Spain
1x
Year GDP, current $
Belarus Spain
2024 $75,961,865,472 $1,725,671,652,742
2023 $72,478,760,370 $1,619,481,980,720
2022 $73,775,179,925 $1,448,850,658,407
2021 $69,673,747,132 $1,461,244,901,853
2020 $61,371,673,345 $1,289,783,836,971
2019 $64,410,170,653 $1,403,496,387,686
2018 $60,031,026,576 $1,431,642,809,327
2017 $54,725,405,751 $1,321,754,088,819
2016 $47,723,545,321 $1,243,015,667,917
2015 $56,454,769,845 $1,206,164,777,553
2014 $78,813,069,121 $1,380,244,561,362
2013 $75,527,558,966 $1,362,186,923,158
2012 $65,685,890,439 $1,330,994,811,670
2011 $61,762,382,328 $1,487,568,659,241
2010 $57,231,904,543 $1,427,989,078,917
2009 $50,873,167,326 $1,496,587,590,848
2008 $60,752,106,347 $1,636,115,447,613
2007 $45,275,711,996 $1,476,746,276,855
2006 $36,961,894,281 $1,261,846,683,275
2005 $30,210,091,837 $1,154,667,551,776
2004 $23,141,566,293 $1,069,829,382,515
2003 $17,825,444,724 $907,963,217,058
2002 $14,594,900,945 $708,938,227,244
2001 $12,354,820,144 $627,798,682,379
2000 $12,736,856,828 $598,102,854,756
1999 $12,138,486,532 $634,394,904,387
1998 $15,222,012,660 $618,731,484,575
1997 $14,128,408,566 $589,739,772,727
1996 $14,500,437,520 $642,251,412,058
1995 $13,972,683,274 $614,170,002,669
1994 $14,931,435,232 $530,183,651,720
1993 $16,275,073,527 $524,700,572,624
1992 $16,939,790,094 $630,465,353,486
1991 $18,404,907,975 $576,753,902,322
1990 $17,389,558,233 $536,175,326,477
1989 - $414,460,794,097
1988 - $375,891,716,898
1987 - $318,520,253,335
1986 - $251,141,555,186
1985 - $180,664,322,896
1984 - $171,979,977,230
1983 - $170,829,074,246
1982 - $195,856,752,991
1981 - $202,663,023,968
1980 - $232,600,556,974
1979 - $214,448,666,336
1978 - $160,484,969,618
1977 - $132,354,665,936
1976 - $118,422,534,195
1975 - $114,695,060,870
1974 - $97,204,522,642
1973 - $78,583,355,226
1972 - $59,090,176,029
1971 - $46,586,119,760
1970 - $40,963,715,237
1969 - $37,090,689,288
1968 - $32,394,326,464
1967 - $32,570,905,397
1966 - $29,559,436,183
1965 - $25,479,619,607
1964 - $21,966,876,027
1963 - $19,631,714,760
1962 - $16,609,632,791
1961 - $14,238,126,760
1960 - $12,424,514,014

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belarus/spain | CC BY

GDP per capita in Belarus vs Spain by year

Belarus
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Spain
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Belarus Spain
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $8,318 $33,010 $35,327 $57,965
2023 $7,897 $30,834 $33,493 $55,682
2022 $7,995 $28,429 $30,319 $51,399
2021 $7,490 $27,611 $30,799 $44,252
2020 $6,543 $24,872 $27,234 $39,328
2019 $6,838 $22,302 $29,787 $44,043
2018 $6,360 $20,026 $30,602 $41,015
2017 $5,786 $18,414 $28,381 $39,825
2016 $5,040 $17,832 $26,756 $37,613
2015 $5,967 $18,134 $25,982 $35,229
2014 $8,341 $19,038 $29,708 $33,761
2013 $7,998 $19,014 $29,229 $32,614
2012 $6,953 $18,115 $28,456 $31,870
2011 $6,528 $16,563 $31,825 $32,016
2010 $6,035 $15,339 $30,659 $31,805
2009 $5,352 $14,034 $32,280 $32,218
2008 $6,376 $13,886 $35,603 $33,350
2007 $4,735 $12,320 $32,652 $32,536
2006 $3,848 $10,995 $28,422 $30,749
2005 $3,126 $9,637 $26,451 $27,630
2004 $2,378 $8,483 $24,925 $26,160
2003 $1,820 $7,362 $21,522 $25,057
2002 $1,479 $6,697 $17,111 $24,378
2001 $1,244 $6,238 $15,368 $22,952
2000 $1,276 $5,796 $14,743 $21,582
1999 $1,211 $5,331 $15,708 $19,938
1998 $1,511 $5,061 $15,382 $19,083
1997 $1,396 $4,596 $14,722 $17,903
1996 $1,427 $4,039 $16,101 $16,971
1995 $1,371 $3,846 $15,461 $16,276
1994 $1,460 $4,190 $13,406 $15,582
1993 $1,590 $4,641 $13,330 $14,973
1992 $1,658 $4,917 $16,101 $14,855
1991 $1,805 $5,330 $14,801 $14,461
1990 $1,707 $5,220 $13,795 $13,676
1989 - - $10,674 -
1988 - - $9,696 -
1987 - - $8,234 -
1986 - - $6,509 -
1985 - - $4,696 -
1984 - - $4,487 -
1983 - - $4,475 -
1982 - - $5,156 -
1981 - - $5,367 -
1980 - - $6,204 -
1979 - - $5,766 -
1978 - - $4,353 -
1977 - - $3,625 -
1976 - - $3,277 -
1975 - - $3,208 -
1974 - - $2,748 -
1973 - - $2,246 -
1972 - - $1,708 -
1971 - - $1,361 -
1970 - - $1,211 -
1969 - - $1,109 -
1968 - - $978 -
1967 - - $997 -
1966 - - $916 -
1965 - - $797 -
1964 - - $695 -
1963 - - $627 -
1962 - - $535 -
1961 - - $463 -
1960 - - $408 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belarus/spain | CC BY

Belarus' GDP per capita is $8,318, ranking 92/197, compared to $35,327 in Spain, ranking 32/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Belarus ranks 68th at $33,010, while Spain ranks 34th at $57,965.

Economic indicators

Belarus Spain
Gross domestic product
$76B
2024
$1.73T
2024
GDP rank
83/197
2024
15/197
2024
GDP growth
4.01%
2023-2024
3.46%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$8,318
2024
$35,327
2024
GDP per capita rank
92/197
2024
32/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$33,010
2024
$57,965
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
68/197
2024
34/197
2024
Government debt
$30.3B
2024
$1.75T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
39.9%
2024
101.6%
2024
Government debt per person
$3,318
2024
$35,909
2024
Government debt per person rank
97/185
2024
20/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$7,345
2026
$25,470
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$6.01B
2024
$754B
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
1,202,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
34
2025
Income share by richest 10%
20.7%
2020
24.5%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
4.5%
2020
2.2%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
40.9%
2024
45.3%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
5.7%
2023-2024
2.77%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
9.75%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
3.04%
2024
11.3%
2024
Population
9013835
48806901

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Belarus
Spending

Debt
Spain
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Belarus Spain
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 40.9% 39.9% 45.3% 101.6%
2023 40.3% 40.7% 45.5% 105.1%
2022 38% 40.8% 46.4% 109.2%
2021 36.7% 41.2% 49.5% 115.6%
2020 38% 47.5% 51.4% 119.2%
2019 37.4% 41% 42% 97.6%
2018 37.8% 47.5% 41.5% 99.7%
2017 39% 53.2% 41% 101.1%
2016 40.7% 53.5% 42.1% 102%
2015 41.8% 53% 43.7% 102.4%
2014 38.8% 38.8% 45.1% 104.4%
2013 40.8% 36.9% 46.2% 100%
2012 38.9% 36.9% 49.2% 89.6%
2011 40.3% 58.2% 45.9% 69.5%
2010 44.3% 36.8% 45.8% 60.3%
2009 51.7% 32.5% 46.1% 53.1%
2008 60% 20.3% 41.3% 39.6%
2007 49.2% 15.8% 39.2% 35.7%
2006 47.2% 12.3% 38.4% 39%
2005 45% 8.12% 38.4% 42.4%
2004 44% 9.22% 38.8% 45.3%
2003 43.5% - 38.4% 47.7%
2002 43.8% - 38.6% 51.2%
2001 42.4% - 38.4% 54.1%
2000 - - 39.1% 57.8%
1999 - - 40% 60.9%
1998 - - 41% 62.4%
1997 - - 41.5% 64.3%
1996 - - 42.9% 65.4%
1995 - - 44.1% 61.6%
1994 - - 44.8% 57%
1993 - - 46.3% 54.6%
1992 - - 43.9% 44.1%
1991 - - 42.6% 41.9%
1990 - - 41.1% 41.3%
1989 - - 32.1% 39.2%
1988 - - 28.6% 38.2%
1987 - - 31.1% 42.1%
1986 - - 28.4% 36.5%
1985 - - 27.6% 31.5%
1984 - - 27% 18.3%
1983 - - 26% 13.4%
1982 - - 21.5% 12%
1981 - - 18.1% 10.9%
1980 - - 16.3% 10.2%
1979 - - 14.3% 9.88%
1978 - - 14.3% 9.93%
1977 - - 12.8% 8.75%
1976 - - 11.5% 8.21%
1975 - - 11.4% 11.9%
1974 - - 11.4% 13.6%
1973 - - 9.88% 16.3%
1972 - - 12.5% 17.6%
1971 - - 14% 17.9%
1970 - - 12.3% 19.2%
1969 - - 12.3% 18.8%
1968 - - 12.8% 18.3%
1967 - - 12.5% 17.6%
1966 - - 11.8% 17.7%
1965 - - 14% 18.1%
1964 - - 12.7% 19.5%
1963 - - 12.4% 21%
1962 - - 10.6% 24.4%
1961 - - 9.97% 26.7%
1960 - - 11% 29.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/belarus/spain | CC BY

In 2024, Belarus' government spending was $31.1B, accounting for 40.9% of its GDP, while Spain spent $782B, or 45.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 39.9% in Belarus and 101.6% in Spain, ranking 133/185 and 21/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Belarus

Spain
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Belarus Spain
2024 1.05% -3.15%
2023 0.76% -3.52%
2022 -1.98% -4.63%
2021 -0.22% -6.66%
2020 -2.87% -10%
2019 0.91% -3.04%
2018 1.8% -2.58%
2017 -0.34% -3.1%
2016 -1.66% -4.26%
2015 -2.96% -5.26%
2014 0.09% -6.07%
2013 -0.98% -7.49%
2012 0.36% -11.5%
2011 -2.81% -9.69%
2010 -4.19% -9.49%
2009 -7.23% -11.2%
2008 -10.9% -4.56%
2007 -7.82% 1.88%
2006 -7.71% 2.12%
2005 -6.71% 1.23%
2004 -7.06% -0.1%
2003 -6.74% -0.37%
2002 -7.81% -0.32%
2001 -4.74% -0.45%
2000 - -1.16%
1999 - -1.24%
1998 - -2.63%
1997 - -3.86%
1996 - -5.87%
1995 - -6.79%
1994 - -6.31%
1993 - -6.89%
1992 - -4.26%
1991 - -4.58%
1990 - -3.9%
1989 - -3.24%
1988 - -2.95%
1987 - -3.52%
1986 - -5.18%
1985 - -6.04%
1984 - -5.25%
1983 - -4.77%
1982 - -5.76%
1981 - -2.88%
1980 - -2.55%
1979 - -1.51%
1978 - -1.63%
1977 - -0.24%
1976 - 0.43%
1975 - 0.26%
1974 - 0.11%
1973 - 1.09%
1972 - 0.24%
1971 - -0.96%
1970 - 0.09%
1969 - -0.06%
1968 - -0.55%
1967 - -0.32%
1966 - 0.07%
1965 - -0.04%
1964 - 0.18%
1963 - -0.54%
1962 - 1.27%
1961 - 1.9%
1960 - 0.69%
1959 - 0.54%
1958 - 0.23%
1957 - 1.13%
1956 - -0.05%
1955 - 0.6%
1954 - 0.7%
1953 - 1.02%
1952 - 0.81%
1951 - -0.24%
1950 - -0.44%
1949 - -0.35%
1948 - -1.21%
1947 - -1.09%
1946 - -2.24%
1945 - -4.56%
1944 - -5.44%
1943 - -7.73%
1942 - -2.48%
1941 - -4.34%
1940 - -3.54%
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -
1936 - -
1935 - -0.49%
1934 - -1.17%
1933 - -0.72%
1932 - -0.3%
1931 - 0.1%
1930 - 0.3%
1929 - -0.07%
1928 - -0.31%
1927 - -0.54%
1926 - -0.65%
1925 - -1.19%
1924 - -1.76%
1923 - -1.89%
1922 - -2.26%
1921 - -3.33%
1920 - -2.4%
1919 - -1.82%
1918 - -1.8%
1917 - -1.49%
1916 - -1.15%
1915 - -2.97%
1914 - -1.04%
1913 - -0.09%
1912 - -0.33%
1911 - 0.19%
1910 - 0.09%
1909 - -0.29%
1908 - 0.59%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.91%
1905 - 0.71%
1904 - 0.52%
1903 - 0.28%
1902 - 0.74%
1901 - 0.69%
1900 - 1.04%
1899 - 2.75%
1898 - 0.13%
1897 - -0.64%
1896 - 0.46%
1895 - 0.83%
1894 - -0.08%
1893 - 0.87%
1892 - -0.67%
1891 - -0.41%
1890 - -0.4%
1889 - -0.38%
1888 - -0.97%
1887 - -0.73%
1886 - -0.08%
1885 - -0.78%
1884 - -0.23%
1883 - -0.38%
1882 - 0.38%
1881 - 0.08%
1880 - -0.02%
1879 - -0.52%
1878 - -0.08%
1877 - 0.11%
1876 - 0.1%
1875 - -1.42%
1874 - -0.1%
1873 - 2.22%
1872 - -2.27%
1871 - -2.64%
1870 - -3.42%
1869 - -2.64%
1868 - -1.46%
1867 - -0.79%
1866 - -0.83%
1865 - -1.84%
1864 - -2.48%
1863 - -1.55%
1862 - -1.76%
1861 - -1.77%
1860 - -0.94%
1859 - 0.39%
1858 - -0.44%
1857 - -0.41%
1856 - -0.46%
1855 - -0.76%
1854 - -0.32%
1853 - -0.02%
1852 - -0.11%
1851 - -0.25%
1850 - 0.31%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/belarus/spain | CC BY

In 2024, Belarus' government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $796M, equivalent to 1.05% of GDP. This compares to Spain's deficit of $54.3B, or 3.15% of GDP.

Over the past 24 years, Belarus recorded a fiscal deficit in 18 of those years, while Spain ran a deficit in 21 years. On average, Belarus posted an annual deficit equal to 3.32% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.26% of GDP for Spain.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Belarus

Spain
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Belarus Spain
2024 5.7% 2.77%
2023 5% 3.53%
2022 15.2% 8.39%
2021 9.5% 3.09%
2020 5.5% -0.32%
2019 5.6% 0.7%
2018 4.9% 1.67%
2017 6% 1.96%
2016 11.8% -0.2%
2015 13.5% -0.5%
2014 18.1% -0.15%
2013 18.3% 1.41%
2012 59.2% 2.45%
2011 53.2% 3.2%
2010 7.7% 1.8%
2009 13% -0.29%
2008 14.8% 4.08%
2007 8.4% 2.79%
2006 7% 3.52%
2005 10.3% 3.37%
2004 18.1% 3.04%
2003 28.4% 3.04%
2002 42.6% 3.07%
2001 61.1% 3.59%
2000 168.6% 3.43%
1999 293.7% 2.31%
1998 73% 1.83%
1997 63.8% 1.97%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belarus/spain | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Belarus has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 37.2%, compared with 2.34% in Spain. In 2024, inflation was 5.7% in Belarus and 2.77% in Spain.

Top exports between countries

Belarus
Export category Export value
Transport & tourism services $22.4M
Textiles & consumer goods $8.41M
IT & IP services $6.83M
Machinery & equipment $6.14M
Wood & paper products $5.45M
Metals $2.75M
Business & finance services $1.62M
Manufacturing & construction services $1.21M
Raw materials & minerals $1.15M
Chemicals & pharma $776K
Spain
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $42.9M
Machinery & equipment $19.4M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $17.9M
Textiles & consumer goods $9.22M
Raw agricultural goods $5.63M
Raw materials & minerals $5.33M
Miscellaneous $1.64M
Metals $1.54M
Animal & marine products $935K
Wood & paper products $488K

Balance of trade

Belarus Spain
Current account balance
-$1.94B
2024
$54.9B
2024
Current account balance ranking
142/190
2024
13/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.56%
2024
+3.18%
2024
Goods imports
$44.2B
2024
$456B
2024
Goods exports
$39.5B
2024
$419B
2024
Service imports
$6.82B
2024
$111B
2024
Service exports
$10.1B
2024
$220B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
66.9%
2024
32.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
65.1%
2024
37.1%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Belarus Spain
Economic freedom 49.1 66.8
Economic freedom ranking 166/197 59/197
Property rights 20 88
Government integrity 28.3 64.2
Judicial effectiveness 11.5 74.3
Tax burden 93.5 58.2
Government spending 52.6 37.3
Fiscal health 96.8 57.3
Business freedom 50.3 82.6
Labor freedom 48 61.7
Monetary freedom 69 78.2
Trade freedom 69.2 79.4
Investment freedom 30 60
Financial freedom 20 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Belarus
Spain
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Belarus Spain
2026 49.1 66.8
2025 48.9 66.3
2024 48.4 63.3
2023 51 65
2022 53 68.2
2021 61 69.9
2020 61.7 66.9
2019 57.9 65.7
2018 58.1 65.1
2017 58.6 63.6
2016 48.8 68.5
2015 49.8 67.6
2014 50.1 67.2
2013 48 68
2012 49 69.1
2011 47.9 70.2
2010 48.7 69.6
2009 45 70.1
2008 45.3 69.1
2007 47 69.2
2006 47.5 68.2
2005 46.7 67
2004 43.1 68.9
2003 39.7 68.8
2002 39 68.8
2001 38 68.1
2000 41.3 65.9
1999 35.4 65.1
1998 38 62.6
1997 39.8 59.6
1996 38.7 59.6
1995 40.4 62.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/belarus/spain | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Belarus is 49.1, ranking 166/197, compared to 66.8 for Spain, ranking 59/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Belarus Spain
Services, % of GDP
49.7%
2024
68.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
30.7%
2024
19.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
6.87%
2024
2.75%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$75.4B
2024
$1.64T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$32,300
2024
$57,670
2024
Total reserves including gold
$8.91B
2024
$108B
2024
Total reserves ranking
82/177
2024
26/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.57B
2024
$28.7B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.74B
2024
$42.8B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$170M
2024
$71.5B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
7.19%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
3.9%
2022
20.2%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
25.8%
2024
21.2%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belarus/spain | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.