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Economy of Belarus vs Belgium compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Belarus has a GDP of $93.4B compared to $725B for Belgium, ranking 80/197 and 23/197 by economy size, respectively.

Belarus has $30.9B in government debt (33.1% of GDP), compared to $771B (106.3% of GDP) in Belgium.

Belarus vs Belgium GDP by year

Belarus
Belgium
1x
Year GDP, current $
Belarus Belgium
2025 $93,397,215,864 $725,466,462,860
2024 $78,591,839,300 $670,983,130,619
2023 $72,478,760,370 $650,779,364,364
2022 $73,775,179,925 $591,474,463,579
2021 $69,673,747,132 $598,522,422,242
2020 $61,371,673,345 $529,694,473,502
2019 $64,410,170,653 $536,726,344,405
2018 $60,031,026,576 $542,638,913,428
2017 $54,725,405,751 $500,908,767,352
2016 $47,723,545,321 $474,271,566,740
2015 $56,454,769,845 $461,044,767,545
2014 $78,813,069,121 $537,987,419,164
2013 $75,527,558,966 $524,097,026,599
2012 $65,685,890,439 $498,414,364,945
2011 $61,762,382,328 $527,196,649,049
2010 $57,231,904,543 $481,556,503,720
2009 $50,873,167,326 $485,014,525,992
2008 $60,752,106,347 $517,328,087,920
2007 $45,275,711,996 $470,922,156,309
2006 $36,961,894,281 $408,259,840,869
2005 $30,210,091,837 $385,714,762,230
2004 $23,141,566,293 $369,214,712,443
2003 $17,825,444,724 $318,082,528,507
2002 $14,594,900,945 $258,383,599,375
2001 $12,354,820,144 $236,746,141,604
2000 $12,736,856,828 $236,792,460,312
1999 $12,138,486,532 $258,245,733,221
1998 $15,222,012,660 $258,528,339,631
1997 $14,128,408,566 $252,708,051,421
1996 $14,500,437,520 $279,201,433,225
1995 $13,972,683,274 $288,025,588,396
1994 $14,931,435,232 $244,884,129,491
1993 $16,275,073,527 $224,721,795,709
1992 $16,939,790,094 $234,781,652,447
1991 $18,404,907,975 $210,510,999,409
1990 $17,389,558,233 $205,331,747,948
1989 - $164,221,056,511
1988 - $162,299,103,675
1987 - $149,394,404,106
1986 - $120,018,787,249
1985 - $86,268,264,148
1984 - $83,349,530,159
1983 - $87,184,239,053
1982 - $92,095,926,188
1981 - $104,730,018,470
1980 - $126,829,314,388
1979 - $116,315,456,797
1978 - $101,246,526,194
1977 - $82,839,905,459
1976 - $71,113,882,968
1975 - $65,678,189,097
1974 - $56,033,077,879
1973 - $47,743,801,490
1972 - $37,209,418,019
1971 - $29,821,661,870
1970 - $26,706,196,047
1969 - $24,019,653,475
1968 - $21,654,856,965
1967 - $20,252,508,995
1966 - $18,894,891,312
1965 - $17,597,783,297
1964 - $16,168,044,450
1963 - $14,445,805,381
1962 - $13,436,827,167
1961 - $12,561,701,694
1960 - $11,810,619,368

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belarus/belgium | CC BY

GDP per capita in Belarus vs Belgium by year

Belarus
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Belgium
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Belarus Belgium
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $10,279 - $60,750 -
2024 $8,606 $33,010 $56,582 $73,514
2023 $7,897 $30,834 $55,245 $71,946
2022 $7,995 $28,429 $50,639 $69,128
2021 $7,490 $27,611 $51,658 $60,669
2020 $6,543 $24,872 $45,906 $56,120
2019 $6,838 $22,302 $46,717 $56,712
2018 $6,360 $20,026 $47,487 $52,467
2017 $5,786 $18,414 $44,035 $50,256
2016 $5,040 $17,832 $41,855 $48,415
2015 $5,967 $18,134 $40,894 $46,072
2014 $8,341 $19,038 $47,996 $45,148
2013 $7,998 $19,014 $46,965 $43,864
2012 $6,953 $18,115 $44,874 $42,484
2011 $6,528 $16,563 $47,761 $41,245
2010 $6,035 $15,339 $44,197 $39,840
2009 $5,352 $14,034 $44,923 $37,906
2008 $6,376 $13,886 $48,303 $37,883
2007 $4,735 $12,320 $44,319 $36,798
2006 $3,848 $10,995 $38,705 $35,251
2005 $3,126 $9,637 $36,810 $33,178
2004 $2,378 $8,483 $35,429 $32,060
2003 $1,820 $7,362 $30,655 $30,931
2002 $1,479 $6,697 $25,006 $30,282
2001 $1,244 $6,238 $23,015 $28,794
2000 $1,276 $5,796 $23,099 $27,794
1999 $1,211 $5,331 $25,253 $25,441
1998 $1,511 $5,061 $25,338 $24,370
1997 $1,396 $4,596 $24,821 $23,733
1996 $1,427 $4,039 $27,490 $22,745
1995 $1,371 $3,846 $28,414 $22,446
1994 $1,460 $4,190 $24,209 $21,518
1993 $1,590 $4,641 $22,284 $20,473
1992 $1,658 $4,917 $23,373 $20,272
1991 $1,805 $5,330 $21,042 $19,601
1990 $1,707 $5,220 $20,600 $18,688
1989 - - $16,525 -
1988 - - $16,391 -
1987 - - $15,136 -
1986 - - $12,170 -
1985 - - $8,751 -
1984 - - $8,457 -
1983 - - $8,846 -
1982 - - $9,344 -
1981 - - $10,623 -
1980 - - $12,864 -
1979 - - $11,811 -
1978 - - $10,290 -
1977 - - $8,427 -
1976 - - $7,243 -
1975 - - $6,701 -
1974 - - $5,734 -
1973 - - $4,901 -
1972 - - $3,832 -
1971 - - $3,083 -
1970 - - $2,766 -
1969 - - $2,490 -
1968 - - $2,251 -
1967 - - $2,114 -
1966 - - $1,983 -
1965 - - $1,860 -
1964 - - $1,724 -
1963 - - $1,555 -
1962 - - $1,457 -
1961 - - $1,368 -
1960 - - $1,290 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belarus/belgium | CC BY

Belarus' GDP per capita is $10,279, ranking 88/197, compared to $60,750 in Belgium, ranking 17/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Belarus ranks 68th at $33,010, while Belgium ranks 21st at $73,514.

Economic indicators

Belarus Belgium
Gross domestic product
$93.4B
2025
$725B
2025
GDP rank
80/197
2025
23/197
2025
GDP growth
1.3%
2024-2025
0.98%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$10,279
2025
$60,750
2025
GDP per capita rank
88/197
2025
17/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$33,010
2024
$73,514
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
68/197
2024
21/197
2024
Government debt
$30.9B
2025
$771B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
33.1%
2025
106.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$3,399
2025
$64,598
2025
Government debt per person rank
98/185
2025
4/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$8,062
2026
$35,730
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$5.54B
2025
$321B
2018
Number of millionaires n/a
556,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
11
2026
Income share by richest 10%
20.7%
2020
22.2%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
4.5%
2020
3.7%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
41.3%
2025
55%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
6.6%
2024-2025
2.47%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
9.25%
2026
n/a
Unemployment rate
3.04%
2024
6.2%
2025
Population
9025821
11967185

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Belarus
Spending

Debt
Belgium
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Belarus Belgium
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 41.3% 33.1% 55% 106.3%
2024 40.8% 38.7% 54.1% 103.9%
2023 40.3% 40.7% 52.8% 102.2%
2022 38% 40.8% 52.5% 103.1%
2021 36.7% 41.2% 54.9% 108.5%
2020 38% 47.5% 58.5% 111.2%
2019 37.4% 41% 51.8% 97.6%
2018 37.8% 47.5% 52.5% 100.1%
2017 39% 53.2% 52.3% 102.5%
2016 40.7% 53.5% 53.4% 105.5%
2015 41.8% 53% 53.9% 105.6%
2014 38.8% 38.8% 55.4% 106.6%
2013 40.8% 36.9% 55.9% 105%
2012 38.9% 36.9% 56.2% 104.3%
2011 40.3% 58.2% 55% 102.7%
2010 44.3% 36.8% 53.9% 100.2%
2009 51.7% 32.5% 54.5% 99.9%
2008 60% 20.3% 50.8% 93.2%
2007 49.2% 15.8% 48.6% 87.3%
2006 47.2% 12.3% 48.8% 91.5%
2005 45% 8.12% 51.9% 95.1%
2004 44% 9.22% 49.3% 97.2%
2003 43.5% - 51% 101.7%
2002 43.8% - 49.9% 105.4%
2001 42.4% - 49.4% 108.2%
2000 - - 49.4% 109.6%
1999 - - 50.5% 115.4%
1998 - - 51% 119.2%
1997 - - 51.6% 124.3%
1996 - - 53.1% 129%
1995 - - 52.6% 131.3%
1994 - - 54.7% 137.1%
1993 - - 57.1% 138.9%
1992 - - 55.9% 134.7%
1991 - - 55.6% 131.8%
1990 - - 54.4% 130.3%
1989 - - 52.3% 126.4%
1988 - - 53.9% 129.7%
1987 - - 55.8% 129.2%
1986 - - 57.6% 124.7%
1985 - - 58.4% 119.4%
1984 - - 59.1% 114.6%
1983 - - 62.2% 110.3%
1982 - - 59.6% 99.6%
1981 - - 61.5% 89.7%
1980 - - 54.9% 76.8%
1979 - - 54.8% 69.2%
1978 - - 52.8% 65.2%
1977 - - 52.2% 61.6%
1976 - - 50.4% 61.4%
1975 - - 50.2% 59.5%
1974 - - 44.5% 61.7%
1973 - - 45% 63.7%
1972 - - 45% 64.9%
1971 - - 43.9% 63.5%
1970 - - 42.7% 66.6%
1969 - - 26.5% 51.6%
1968 - - 26.7% 54.5%
1967 - - 25.5% 54.1%
1966 - - 25.1% 55.6%
1965 - - 23.4% 57.6%
1964 - - 22.5% 59.4%
1963 - - 23.1% 64.1%
1962 - - 22.5% 65.3%
1961 - - 22.1% 67.8%
1960 - - 23.7% 69.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belarus/belgium | CC BY

In 2025, Belarus' government spending was $38.6B, accounting for 41.3% of its GDP, while Belgium spent $399B, or 55% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 33.1% in Belarus and 106.3% in Belgium, ranking 148/185 and 17/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Belarus

Belgium
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Belarus Belgium
2025 0.15% -5.26%
2024 0.54% -4.36%
2023 0.76% -4.01%
2022 -1.98% -3.6%
2021 -0.22% -5.4%
2020 -2.87% -9.03%
2019 0.91% -2.05%
2018 1.8% -1.05%
2017 -0.34% -0.76%
2016 -1.66% -2.43%
2015 -2.96% -2.48%
2014 0.09% -3.18%
2013 -0.98% -3.16%
2012 0.36% -4.35%
2011 -2.81% -4.44%
2010 -4.19% -4.13%
2009 -7.23% -5.45%
2008 -10.9% -1.1%
2007 -7.82% 0.07%
2006 -7.71% 0.24%
2005 -6.71% -2.72%
2004 -7.06% -0.24%
2003 -6.74% -1.86%
2002 -7.81% -0.04%
2001 -4.74% 0.23%
2000 - -0.08%
1999 - -0.65%
1998 - -1.03%
1997 - -2.15%
1996 - -4%
1995 - -4.51%
1994 - -5.29%
1993 - -7.71%
1992 - -8.42%
1991 - -7.67%
1990 - -6.99%
1989 - -7.58%
1988 - -7.28%
1987 - -7.89%
1986 - -9.96%
1985 - -10.1%
1984 - -10.8%
1983 - -14.5%
1982 - -12.3%
1981 - -15.5%
1980 - -9.43%
1979 - -8.33%
1978 - -6.51%
1977 - -6.51%
1976 - -6.61%
1975 - -6.45%
1974 - -3.87%
1973 - -5.02%
1972 - -6.07%
1971 - -4.45%
1970 - -3.51%
1969 - -3.34%
1968 - -3.69%
1967 - -2.76%
1966 - -3.08%
1965 - -2.9%
1964 - -2.27%
1963 - -2.8%
1962 - -2.12%
1961 - -2.34%
1960 - -4.89%
1959 - -5.21%
1958 - -4.33%
1957 - -1.27%
1956 - 1.85%
1955 - -1.05%
1954 - 2.34%
1953 - 0.14%
1952 - -0.26%
1951 - 0.59%
1950 - -2.01%
1949 - -2.05%
1948 - -2.29%
1947 - -14.5%
1946 - 1.87%
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -5.81%
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -6.86%
1938 - -5.17%
1937 - -4.71%
1936 - -4.92%
1935 - -5.94%
1934 - -2.78%
1933 - -1.69%
1932 - -
1931 - -
1930 - -2.48%
1929 - -
1928 - -
1927 - 3.06%
1926 - -
1925 - -
1924 - -5.53%
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -1.4%
1912 - -1.39%
1911 - -0.92%
1910 - -0.18%
1909 - 0.13%
1908 - -0.95%
1907 - -0.81%
1906 - -1.35%
1905 - 1.23%
1904 - 0.004%
1903 - 0.08%
1902 - 0.22%
1901 - 0.55%
1900 - -0.54%
1899 - -1.64%
1898 - -0.28%
1897 - -0.25%
1896 - 0.94%
1895 - -0.33%
1894 - 0.06%
1893 - 0.07%
1892 - 0.17%
1891 - -0.005%
1890 - -0.83%
1889 - 0.3%
1888 - -0.21%
1887 - -0.12%
1886 - 0.54%
1885 - -0.43%
1884 - -0.26%
1883 - -0.54%
1882 - -0.3%
1881 - 0.08%
1880 - 0.12%
1879 - -1.51%
1878 - -1.78%
1877 - -2.52%
1876 - -0.77%
1875 - -0.88%
1874 - -1.02%
1873 - -2.08%
1872 - -0.7%
1871 - -0.64%
1870 - -0.58%
1869 - -0.35%
1868 - -0.39%
1867 - -0.49%
1866 - -0.87%
1865 - -0.55%
1864 - -0.62%
1863 - -0.72%
1862 - -0.49%
1861 - -0.22%
1860 - -0.13%
1859 - 0.1%
1858 - 0.35%
1857 - 0%
1856 - -0.26%
1855 - -0.28%
1854 - -0.4%
1853 - -0.3%
1852 - -0.44%
1851 - -0.05%
1850 - -0.11%
1849 - 0.11%
1848 - -1.41%
1847 - -0.69%
1846 - -0.52%
1845 - -1.17%
1844 - -4.92%
1843 - -0.86%
1842 - -0.89%
1841 - -0.75%
1840 - 0.16%
1839 - -0.43%
1838 - 0.23%
1837 - -0.11%
1836 - 0.18%
1835 - 0.27%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belarus/belgium | CC BY

In 2025, Belarus' government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $140M, equivalent to 0.15% of GDP. This compares to Belgium's deficit of $38.1B, or 5.26% of GDP.

Over the past 25 years, Belarus recorded a fiscal deficit in 18 of those years, while Belgium ran a deficit in 22 years. On average, Belarus posted an annual deficit equal to 3.2% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.82% of GDP for Belgium.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Belarus

Belgium
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Belarus Belgium
2025 6.6% 2.47%
2024 5.7% 3.14%
2023 5% 4.05%
2022 15.2% 9.6%
2021 9.5% 2.44%
2020 5.5% 0.74%
2019 5.6% 1.44%
2018 4.9% 2.05%
2017 6% 2.13%
2016 11.8% 1.97%
2015 13.5% 0.56%
2014 18.1% 0.34%
2013 18.3% 1.11%
2012 59.2% 2.84%
2011 53.2% 3.53%
2010 7.7% 2.19%
2009 13% -0.05%
2008 14.8% 4.49%
2007 8.4% 1.82%
2006 7% 1.79%
2005 10.3% 2.78%
2004 18.1% 2.1%
2003 28.4% 1.59%
2002 42.6% 1.65%
2001 61.1% 2.47%
2000 168.6% 2.54%
1999 293.7% 1.12%
1998 73% 0.95%
1997 63.8% 1.63%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belarus/belgium | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Belarus has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 36.2%, compared with 2.26% in Belgium. In 2025, inflation was 6.6% in Belarus and 2.47% in Belgium.

Top exports between countries

Belarus
Export category Export value
Wood & paper products $68.9M
Raw materials & minerals $60.8M
Textiles & consumer goods $19.8M
Chemicals & pharma $12.8M
Metals $10M
Raw agricultural goods $6.17M
Machinery & equipment $2.49M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $284K
Animal & marine products $229K
Miscellaneous $35K
Belgium
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $32.2M
Machinery & equipment $24.2M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $19M
Raw materials & minerals $6.61M
Raw agricultural goods $5.13M
Textiles & consumer goods $3.44M
Wood & paper products $1.49M
Metals $705K
Miscellaneous $296K
Animal & marine products $193K

Balance of trade

Belarus Belgium
Current account balance
-$1.82B
2025
-$14B
2025
Current account balance ranking
137/190
2025
179/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.94%
2025
-1.93%
2025
Goods imports
$46B
2025
$386B
2025
Goods exports
$40B
2025
$387B
2025
Service imports
$7.55B
2025
$175B
2025
Service exports
$11.7B
2025
$160B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
57%
2025
77.5%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
55.1%
2025
75.5%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Belarus Belgium
Economic freedom 49.1 69.2
Economic freedom ranking 166/197 42/197
Property rights 20 91.1
Government integrity 28.3 78.2
Judicial effectiveness 11.5 91.6
Tax burden 93.5 50.6
Government spending 52.6 14.6
Fiscal health 96.8 53.4
Business freedom 50.3 82.5
Labor freedom 48 57.5
Monetary freedom 69 76.8
Trade freedom 69.2 79.4
Investment freedom 30 85
Financial freedom 20 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Belarus
Belgium
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Belarus Belgium
2026 49.1 69.2
2025 48.9 69
2024 48.4 65.6
2023 51 67.1
2022 53 69.6
2021 61 70.1
2020 61.7 68.9
2019 57.9 67.3
2018 58.1 67.5
2017 58.6 67.8
2016 48.8 68.4
2015 49.8 68.8
2014 50.1 69.9
2013 48 69.2
2012 49 69
2011 47.9 70.2
2010 48.7 70.1
2009 45 72.1
2008 45.3 71.7
2007 47 72.5
2006 47.5 71.8
2005 46.7 69
2004 43.1 68.7
2003 39.7 68.1
2002 39 67.6
2001 38 63.8
2000 41.3 63.5
1999 35.4 62.9
1998 38 64.7
1997 39.8 64.6
1996 38.7 66
1995 40.4 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belarus/belgium | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Belarus is 49.1, ranking 166/197, compared to 69.2 for Belgium, ranking 42/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Belarus Belgium
Services, % of GDP
50%
2025
71.2%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
31.6%
2025
18.6%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
6.9%
2025
0.73%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$83.3B
2025
$711B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$34,310
2025
$75,620
2025
Total reserves including gold
$14.5B
2025
$56.4B
2025
Total reserves ranking
72/177
2025
44/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.43B
2025
$9.47B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.74B
2024
-$41.4B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$170M
2024
$4.71B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
6.94%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
3.5%
2024
12.3%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
27.1%
2025
25.7%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1835–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.