Skip to content

Economy of Belarus vs Sweden compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Belarus has a GDP of $76B compared to $604B for Sweden, ranking 83/197 and 26/197 by economy size, respectively.

Belarus has $30.3B in government debt (39.9% of GDP), compared to $199B (33% of GDP) in Sweden.

Belarus vs Sweden GDP by year

Belarus
Sweden
1x
Year GDP, current $
Belarus Sweden
2024 $75,961,865,472 $603,715,224,266
2023 $72,478,760,370 $578,990,915,246
2022 $73,775,179,925 $575,071,237,641
2021 $69,673,747,132 $631,693,331,301
2020 $61,371,673,345 $544,265,668,452
2019 $64,410,170,653 $530,894,124,494
2018 $60,031,026,576 $549,649,344,043
2017 $54,725,405,751 $535,172,356,785
2016 $47,723,545,321 $513,058,312,951
2015 $56,454,769,845 $501,602,351,912
2014 $78,813,069,121 $577,727,767,304
2013 $75,527,558,966 $584,125,353,119
2012 $65,685,890,439 $549,739,674,655
2011 $61,762,382,328 $570,538,581,144
2010 $57,231,904,543 $492,750,897,239
2009 $50,873,167,326 $434,311,714,442
2008 $60,752,106,347 $514,614,100,833
2007 $45,275,711,996 $490,047,789,548
2006 $36,961,894,281 $422,528,394,459
2005 $30,210,091,837 $391,688,455,929
2004 $23,141,566,293 $384,545,442,175
2003 $17,825,444,724 $334,072,443,516
2002 $14,594,900,945 $267,371,907,447
2001 $12,354,820,144 $242,497,797,485
2000 $12,736,856,828 $262,903,560,280
1999 $12,138,486,532 $274,318,357,862
1998 $15,222,012,660 $270,887,306,759
1997 $14,128,408,566 $268,249,616,891
1996 $14,500,437,520 $291,949,597,375
1995 $13,972,683,274 $267,050,453,507
1994 $14,931,435,232 $228,699,066,874
1993 $16,275,073,527 $212,644,602,616
1992 $16,939,790,094 $283,908,914,454
1991 $18,404,907,975 $273,831,464,572
1990 $17,389,558,233 $261,466,577,009
1989 - $217,632,340,195
1988 - $206,686,590,776
1987 - $182,744,315,974
1986 - $150,279,869,729
1985 - $113,958,084,357
1984 - $109,043,045,407
1983 - $104,862,109,663
1982 - $114,214,731,799
1981 - $129,498,921,476
1980 - $141,886,067,004
1979 - $123,207,527,699
1978 - $104,290,933,496
1977 - $94,331,782,622
1976 - $89,232,517,046
1975 - $82,765,232,648
1974 - $65,917,634,590
1973 - $59,318,842,992
1972 - $48,883,173,400
1971 - $41,506,151,115
1970 - $38,037,226,668
1969 - $33,967,301,561
1968 - $31,277,871,669
1967 - $29,474,881,506
1966 - $27,154,716,721
1965 - $24,963,947,415
1964 - $22,685,490,195
1963 - $20,342,131,882
1962 - $18,794,066,990
1961 - $17,329,620,585
1960 - $15,930,075,467

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belarus/sweden | CC BY

GDP per capita in Belarus vs Sweden by year

Belarus
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Sweden
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Belarus Sweden
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $8,318 $33,010 $57,117 $71,845
2023 $7,897 $30,834 $54,950 $69,226
2022 $7,995 $28,429 $54,837 $67,076
2021 $7,490 $27,611 $60,648 $62,732
2020 $6,543 $24,872 $52,569 $57,489
2019 $6,838 $22,302 $51,649 $57,046
2018 $6,360 $20,026 $54,018 $53,122
2017 $5,786 $18,414 $53,210 $51,474
2016 $5,040 $17,832 $51,704 $50,290
2015 $5,967 $18,134 $51,188 $48,772
2014 $8,341 $19,038 $59,583 $46,841
2013 $7,998 $19,014 $60,844 $46,098
2012 $6,953 $18,115 $57,750 $45,207
2011 $6,528 $16,563 $60,379 $44,333
2010 $6,035 $15,339 $52,543 $41,951
2009 $5,352 $14,034 $46,708 $40,094
2008 $6,376 $13,886 $55,817 $41,907
2007 $4,735 $12,320 $53,568 $40,813
2006 $3,848 $10,995 $46,531 $37,672
2005 $3,126 $9,637 $43,378 $34,198
2004 $2,378 $8,483 $42,758 $33,805
2003 $1,820 $7,362 $37,292 $31,788
2002 $1,479 $6,697 $29,958 $30,987
2001 $1,244 $6,238 $27,259 $29,946
2000 $1,276 $5,796 $29,633 $29,636
1999 $1,211 $5,331 $30,969 $27,496
1998 $1,511 $5,061 $30,605 $25,897
1997 $1,396 $4,596 $30,324 $24,817
1996 $1,427 $4,039 $33,022 $23,952
1995 $1,371 $3,846 $30,254 $23,084
1994 $1,460 $4,190 $26,046 $21,835
1993 $1,590 $4,641 $24,390 $20,700
1992 $1,658 $4,917 $32,753 $20,767
1991 $1,805 $5,330 $31,777 $20,663
1990 $1,707 $5,220 $30,549 $20,357
1989 - - $25,625 -
1988 - - $24,499 -
1987 - - $21,761 -
1986 - - $17,955 -
1985 - - $13,647 -
1984 - - $13,080 -
1983 - - $12,590 -
1982 - - $13,719 -
1981 - - $15,564 -
1980 - - $17,073 -
1979 - - $14,856 -
1978 - - $12,602 -
1977 - - $11,432 -
1976 - - $10,853 -
1975 - - $10,103 -
1974 - - $8,078 -
1973 - - $7,291 -
1972 - - $6,018 -
1971 - - $5,125 -
1970 - - $4,729 -
1969 - - $4,263 -
1968 - - $3,953 -
1967 - - $3,746 -
1966 - - $3,478 -
1965 - - $3,228 -
1964 - - $2,961 -
1963 - - $2,675 -
1962 - - $2,485 -
1961 - - $2,304 -
1960 - - $2,128 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belarus/sweden | CC BY

Belarus' GDP per capita is $8,318, ranking 92/197, compared to $57,117 in Sweden, ranking 17/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Belarus ranks 68th at $33,010, while Sweden ranks 23rd at $71,845.

Economic indicators

Belarus Sweden
Gross domestic product
$76B
2024
$604B
2024
GDP rank
83/197
2024
26/197
2024
GDP growth
4.01%
2023-2024
0.82%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$8,318
2024
$57,117
2024
GDP per capita rank
92/197
2024
17/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$33,010
2024
$71,845
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
68/197
2024
23/197
2024
Government debt
$30.3B
2024
$199B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
39.9%
2024
33%
2024
Government debt per person
$3,318
2024
$18,842
2024
Government debt per person rank
97/185
2024
32/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$7,345
2026
$42,066
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$6.01B
2024
$290B
2003
Number of millionaires n/a
490,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
45
2025
Income share by richest 10%
20.7%
2020
22.3%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
4.5%
2020
2.8%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
40.9%
2024
49.3%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
5.7%
2023-2024
2.84%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
9.75%
2025
1.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
3.04%
2024
8.31%
2024
Population
9013835
10680056

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Belarus
Spending

Debt
Sweden
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Belarus Sweden
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 40.9% 39.9% 49.3% 33%
2023 40.3% 40.7% 48.9% 31.8%
2022 38% 40.8% 48.3% 33.9%
2021 36.7% 41.2% 49.3% 37%
2020 38% 47.5% 52% 40.2%
2019 37.4% 41% 48.8% 35.8%
2018 37.8% 47.5% 49.8% 39.9%
2017 39% 53.2% 49.2% 41.6%
2016 40.7% 53.5% 49.5% 42.9%
2015 41.8% 53% 49.4% 44.5%
2014 38.8% 38.8% 50.7% 45.7%
2013 40.8% 36.9% 51.4% 40.8%
2012 38.9% 36.9% 50.2% 38%
2011 40.3% 58.2% 49.1% 37.7%
2010 44.3% 36.8% 49.7% 38.6%
2009 51.7% 32.5% 51.7% 41.2%
2008 60% 20.3% 49.4% 38%
2007 49.2% 15.8% 48.5% 39.2%
2006 47.2% 12.3% 50.1% 43.8%
2005 45% 8.12% 51.2% 48.9%
2004 44% 9.22% 51.7% 48.7%
2003 43.5% - 53% 49.4%
2002 43.8% - 52.7% 49.8%
2001 42.4% - 51.7% 52%
2000 - - 52.2% 50.4%
1999 - - 55.2% 60.3%
1998 - - 55.6% 65.4%
1997 - - 57.9% 67.7%
1996 - - 60% 68.9%
1995 - - 62.1% 68.7%
1994 - - 65.3% 68.6%
1993 - - 67.9% 66.1%
1992 - - 66.5% 45.7%
1991 - - 61.2% 40.2%
1990 - - 57.5% 40.3%
1989 - - 35.8% 44.8%
1988 - - 37.9% 50.3%
1987 - - 40.9% 56%
1986 - - 42.1% 59.5%
1985 - - 47.6% 61.2%
1984 - - 46.7% 57.5%
1983 - - 48.6% 54.5%
1982 - - 46.4% 47.9%
1981 - - 46.1% 41.5%
1980 - - 41% 34.4%
1979 - - 39.9% 28.3%
1978 - - 39.1% 24%
1977 - - 35.7% 21%
1976 - - 32.3% 19%
1975 - - 30.6% 19.9%
1974 - - 30.1% 19.4%
1973 - - 31.1% 18%
1972 - - 31.9% 17.2%
1971 - - 29.8% 16.9%
1970 - - 29.5% 16.9%
1969 - - 28.7% 17.6%
1968 - - 28.3% 17.6%
1967 - - 27.7% 16.1%
1966 - - 26.5% 15.3%
1965 - - 24.6% 17%
1964 - - 23.4% 18.7%
1963 - - 24.4% 20.7%
1962 - - 23.4% 23%
1961 - - 23.7% 26%
1960 - - 24.4% 28.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/belarus/sweden | CC BY

In 2024, Belarus' government spending was $31.1B, accounting for 40.9% of its GDP, while Sweden spent $298B, or 49.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 39.9% in Belarus and 33% in Sweden, ranking 133/185 and 148/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Belarus

Sweden
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Belarus Sweden
2024 1.05% -1.72%
2023 0.76% -0.63%
2022 -1.98% 1%
2021 -0.22% -0.15%
2020 -2.87% -3.18%
2019 0.91% 0.44%
2018 1.8% 0.67%
2017 -0.34% 1.29%
2016 -1.66% 0.86%
2015 -2.96% -0.27%
2014 0.09% -1.84%
2013 -0.98% -1.63%
2012 0.36% -1.19%
2011 -2.81% -0.41%
2010 -4.19% -0.14%
2009 -7.23% -0.89%
2008 -10.9% 1.87%
2007 -7.82% 3.37%
2006 -7.71% 2.2%
2005 -6.71% 2.08%
2004 -7.06% 0.17%
2003 -6.74% -1.25%
2002 -7.81% -1.46%
2001 -4.74% 1.37%
2000 - 3.11%
1999 - 0.6%
1998 - 0.82%
1997 - -1.57%
1996 - -3.11%
1995 - -7.01%
1994 - -8.77%
1993 - -10.9%
1992 - -8.51%
1991 - 0.28%
1990 - 3.7%
1989 - 1.5%
1988 - -0.64%
1987 - -2%
1986 - -6.21%
1985 - -9.91%
1984 - -12.1%
1983 - -15.1%
1982 - -13.4%
1981 - -12.8%
1980 - -11.5%
1979 - -9.95%
1978 - -7.32%
1977 - -3.32%
1976 - -1.27%
1975 - -4.05%
1974 - -4.12%
1973 - -3.28%
1972 - -2.17%
1971 - -1.67%
1970 - -2.64%
1969 - -2.03%
1968 - -2.37%
1967 - -1.41%
1966 - -0.33%
1965 - -0.17%
1964 - -0.1%
1963 - 0.41%
1962 - 0.7%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.67%
1959 - -2.53%
1958 - -2.31%
1957 - -2.1%
1956 - -1.21%
1955 - -1.72%
1954 - -1.52%
1953 - -2.47%
1952 - -0.16%
1951 - -0.9%
1950 - -1.64%
1949 - -0.74%
1948 - 0.29%
1947 - -1.08%
1946 - -0.61%
1945 - -8.04%
1944 - -8.66%
1943 - -10.7%
1942 - -11.8%
1941 - -13.1%
1940 - -8.16%
1939 - -1.13%
1938 - -0.07%
1937 - 0.46%
1936 - -0.64%
1935 - -2.19%
1934 - -1.88%
1933 - -4.1%
1932 - -1.56%
1931 - -0.05%
1930 - 0.09%
1929 - -0.39%
1928 - -0.06%
1927 - -1.14%
1926 - -1.11%
1925 - -1.44%
1924 - -0.99%
1923 - -1.65%
1922 - -3.17%
1921 - -3.55%
1920 - -0.6%
1919 - 0.17%
1918 - -8.59%
1917 - -0.26%
1916 - -0.23%
1915 - -0.94%
1914 - -0.55%
1913 - -0.17%
1912 - -0.51%
1911 - -0.87%
1910 - -0.81%
1909 - -2.08%
1908 - -2.27%
1907 - -0.68%
1906 - -0.66%
1905 - -0.34%
1904 - -0.56%
1903 - 0.08%
1902 - -1.57%
1901 - -1.34%
1900 - -0.32%
1899 - 0.57%
1898 - 0.91%
1897 - 1.09%
1896 - -0.59%
1895 - 1%
1894 - 0.47%
1893 - -0.49%
1892 - -0.68%
1891 - -0.6%
1890 - 0.33%
1889 - 0.19%
1888 - -0.05%
1887 - -1.5%
1886 - -0.98%
1885 - -0.08%
1884 - 0.24%
1883 - 0.16%
1882 - 0.36%
1881 - -0.17%
1880 - -0.47%
1879 - -1.89%
1878 - -2.04%
1877 - -1.21%
1876 - -1.07%
1875 - -1.26%
1874 - -1.05%
1873 - 0.06%
1872 - -0.15%
1871 - 0.22%
1870 - -0.42%
1869 - -1.52%
1868 - -1.67%
1867 - -1.17%
1866 - -3.01%
1865 - -2.02%
1864 - -2.3%
1863 - -1.58%
1862 - -1.35%
1861 - -1.11%
1860 - -2.03%
1859 - -2.17%
1858 - -2.36%
1857 - -0.62%
1856 - -0.08%
1855 - -0.09%
1854 - -0.19%
1853 - 0.17%
1852 - -0.31%
1851 - -0.07%
1850 - 0.004%
1849 - 0.09%
1848 - 0.12%
1847 - 0.08%
1846 - 0.13%
1845 - 0.04%
1844 - 0.009%
1843 - 0.05%
1842 - -0.12%
1841 - 0.06%
1840 - -0.01%
1839 - -0.006%
1838 - 0.09%
1837 - -0.38%
1836 - -0.08%
1835 - 0.08%
1834 - -0.12%
1833 - 0.09%
1832 - 0.01%
1831 - -0.1%
1830 - -0.45%
1829 - 2.7%
1828 - 0.03%
1827 - -0.16%
1826 - 0.37%
1825 - 0.18%
1824 - -0.23%
1823 - 0.37%
1822 - -0.03%
1821 - -0.49%
1820 - 0.26%
1819 - 0.09%
1818 - 0.35%
1817 - 0.35%
1816 - 0.16%
1815 - 2.34%
1814 - -0.45%
1813 - -0.37%
1812 - 3.47%
1811 - -0.48%
1810 - -3.05%
1809 - -7.65%
1808 - -5.04%
1807 - 0.1%
1806 - 0.55%
1805 - 0.52%
1804 - -0.25%
1803 - 11.6%
1802 - 2.17%
1801 - 0.01%
1800 - -0.44%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/belarus/sweden | CC BY

In 2024, Belarus' government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $796M, equivalent to 1.05% of GDP. This compares to Sweden's deficit of $10.4B, or 1.72% of GDP.

Over the past 24 years, Belarus recorded a fiscal deficit in 18 of those years, while Sweden ran a deficit in 13 years. On average, Belarus posted an annual deficit equal to 3.32% of GDP, compared to surplus of 0.02% of GDP for Sweden.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Belarus

Sweden
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Belarus Sweden
2024 5.7% 2.84%
2023 5% 8.55%
2022 15.2% 8.37%
2021 9.5% 2.16%
2020 5.5% 0.5%
2019 5.6% 1.78%
2018 4.9% 1.95%
2017 6% 1.79%
2016 11.8% 0.98%
2015 13.5% -0.05%
2014 18.1% -0.18%
2013 18.3% -0.04%
2012 59.2% 0.89%
2011 53.2% 2.96%
2010 7.7% 1.16%
2009 13% -0.49%
2008 14.8% 3.44%
2007 8.4% 2.21%
2006 7% 1.36%
2005 10.3% 0.45%
2004 18.1% 0.37%
2003 28.4% 1.93%
2002 42.6% 2.16%
2001 61.1% 2.41%
2000 168.6% 0.9%
1999 293.7% 0.46%
1998 73% -0.27%
1997 63.8% 0.66%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/belarus/sweden | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Belarus has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 37.2%, compared with 1.76% in Sweden. In 2024, inflation was 5.7% in Belarus and 2.84% in Sweden.

Top exports between countries

Belarus
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $23.1M
Raw materials & minerals $18.3M
IT & IP services $14.2M
Wood & paper products $9.72M
Transport & tourism services $7.46M
Business & finance services $4.48M
Machinery & equipment $2.02M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.46M
Metals $525K
Manufacturing & construction services $515K
Sweden
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $67.4M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.57M
Raw materials & minerals $1.31M
Chemicals & pharma $1.02M
Metals $712K
Textiles & consumer goods $583K
Wood & paper products $300K
Raw agricultural goods $33K
Animal & marine products $20K
Miscellaneous $14K

Balance of trade

Belarus Sweden
Current account balance
-$1.94B
2024
$35.8B
2024
Current account balance ranking
142/190
2024
17/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.56%
2024
+5.92%
2024
Goods imports
$44.2B
2024
$188B
2024
Goods exports
$39.5B
2024
$218B
2024
Service imports
$6.82B
2024
$126B
2024
Service exports
$10.1B
2024
$116B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
66.9%
2024
51.6%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
65.1%
2024
54.3%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Belarus Sweden
Economic freedom 49.1 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 166/197 14/197
Property rights 20 96.2
Government integrity 28.3 91.6
Judicial effectiveness 11.5 95.6
Tax burden 93.5 51.6
Government spending 52.6 28.4
Fiscal health 96.8 97.5
Business freedom 50.3 84.8
Labor freedom 48 65.8
Monetary freedom 69 78.1
Trade freedom 69.2 79.4
Investment freedom 30 85
Financial freedom 20 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Belarus
Sweden
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Belarus Sweden
2026 49.1 77.8
2025 48.9 77.9
2024 48.4 77.5
2023 51 77.5
2022 53 77.9
2021 61 74.7
2020 61.7 74.9
2019 57.9 75.2
2018 58.1 76.3
2017 58.6 74.9
2016 48.8 72
2015 49.8 72.7
2014 50.1 73.1
2013 48 72.9
2012 49 71.7
2011 47.9 71.9
2010 48.7 72.4
2009 45 70.5
2008 45.3 70.8
2007 47 69.3
2006 47.5 70.9
2005 46.7 69.8
2004 43.1 70.1
2003 39.7 70
2002 39 70.8
2001 38 66.6
2000 41.3 65.1
1999 35.4 64.2
1998 38 64
1997 39.8 63.3
1996 38.7 61.8
1995 40.4 61.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/belarus/sweden | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Belarus is 49.1, ranking 166/197, compared to 77.8 for Sweden, ranking 14/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Belarus Sweden
Services, % of GDP
49.7%
2024
66.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
30.7%
2024
21.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
6.87%
2024
1.42%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$75.4B
2024
$615B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$32,300
2024
$75,000
2024
Total reserves including gold
$8.91B
2024
$62.6B
2024
Total reserves ranking
82/177
2024
37/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.57B
2024
$2.08B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.74B
2024
$27B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$170M
2024
$29.6B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
7.19%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
3.9%
2022
16.1%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
25.8%
2024
25.4%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/belarus/sweden | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.