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Kazakhstan vs Turkmenistan statistics compared

Updated on by Georank team

Kazakhstan has a population of 20.6M (ranked 64/197), compared with 7.49M in Turkmenistan (ranked 104/197). Kazakhstan's land area is 1,042,360 sq mi versus 181,441 sq mi for Turkmenistan (ranked 9th vs. 53rd).

By GDP, Kazakhstan ranks 50/197 ($288B) and Turkmenistan ranks 88/197 ($64.2B). By GDP per capita, Kazakhstan ranks 72/197 ($14,005), while Turkmenistan ranks 91/197 ($8,572).

Main facts and rankings

Kazakhstan Turkmenistan
Population
21036432
7713465
Population rank 65/197 104/197
GDP
$288B
2024
$64.2B
2024
GDP rank 50/197 88/197
GDP per capita
$14,005
2024
$8,572
2024
GDP per capita rank 72/197 91/197
GDP per capita, PPP
$40,813
2024
$20,408
2024
Government debt
$71.5B
2024
$2.97B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
25.4%
2025
4.5%
2025
Government debt per person
$3,474
2024
$396
2024
Government debt per person rank 96/185 172/185
Average annual personal income after taxes
$7,117
2025
$8,974
2025
Land area
1,042,360 sq mi
2025
181,441 sq mi
2025
Population density
19.8 ppl/mi²
2024
41.3 ppl/mi²
2024
Fertility rate
3.01
2023
2.69
2023
Median age
30.5 years
2024
27.5 years
2024
Life expectancy
74.7 years
2025
70.3 years
2025

Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan: Comparison Charts

Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan economies compared

GDP
Kazakhstan

Turkmenistan
Year GDP
Kazakhstan Turkmenistan
1987 - $2,331,358,820
1988 - $3,010,982,414
1989 - $3,006,988,217
1990 $26,932,016,270 $3,189,539,641
1991 $24,923,076,923 $3,208,098,919
1992 $24,917,355,372 $3,200,539,816
1993 $23,409,260,880 $3,179,225,949
1994 $21,250,792,886 $2,561,118,608
1995 $20,374,302,652 $2,482,228,440
1996 $21,035,357,937 $2,378,759,975
1997 $22,165,932,063 $2,450,350,625
1998 $22,135,245,507 $2,605,689,134
1999 $16,870,817,182 $2,450,564,100
2000 $18,291,990,662 $2,904,663,311
2001 $22,152,689,180 $3,534,772,732
2002 $24,636,598,527 $4,462,029,109
2003 $30,833,692,900 $5,977,440,583
2004 $43,151,647,003 $6,838,351,088
2005 $57,123,671,734 $8,103,901,996
2006 $81,003,864,630 $10,276,674,365
2007 $104,849,915,058 $12,664,165,103
2008 $133,441,648,852 $19,271,523,179
2009 $115,308,686,941 $20,214,385,965
2010 $148,047,348,241 $22,583,157,895
2011 $192,626,464,617 $29,233,333,333
2012 $207,998,568,866 $35,164,210,526
2013 $236,634,603,409 $39,197,543,860
2014 $221,415,613,595 $43,524,210,526
2015 $184,388,404,706 $35,799,714,286
2016 $137,278,320,084 $36,169,428,571
2017 $166,805,788,827 $37,926,285,714
2018 $179,339,977,690 $40,765,428,571
2019 $181,667,184,855 $45,232,857,143
2020 $171,082,365,861 $45,818,000,000
2021 $197,112,255,361 $50,007,428,571
2022 $225,496,328,925 $58,972,000,000
2023 $261,840,101,060 $60,628,857,143
2024 $288,406,138,231 $64,239,891,739

Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan economies compared

GDP per capita
Kazakhstan

Turkmenistan
Year GDP per capita
Kazakhstan Turkmenistan
1987 - $675
1988 - $846
1989 - $821
1990 $1,570 $848
1991 $1,442 $832
1992 $1,438 $811
1993 $1,355 $788
1994 $1,247 $622
1995 $1,218 $592
1996 $1,281 $558
1997 $1,382 $565
1998 $1,415 $591
1999 $1,092 $546
2000 $1,180 $634
2001 $1,422 $756
2002 $1,574 $936
2003 $1,958 $1,229
2004 $2,722 $1,379
2005 $3,577 $1,604
2006 $5,030 $1,997
2007 $6,449 $2,415
2008 $8,124 $3,606
2009 $6,938 $3,708
2010 $8,793 $4,059
2011 $11,287 $5,144
2012 $12,019 $6,054
2013 $13,478 $6,600
2014 $12,428 $7,164
2015 $10,196 $5,759
2016 $7,476 $5,687
2017 $8,943 $5,828
2018 $9,472 $6,125
2019 $9,457 $6,648
2020 $8,782 $6,593
2021 $9,984 $7,051
2022 $11,255 $8,156
2023 $12,879 $8,233
2024 $14,005 $8,572

Kazakhstan vs. Turkmenistan life expectancy calculator

Life expectancy
Kazakhstan

Turkmenistan
Year Life expectancy, years
Kazakhstan Turkmenistan
1950 55.6 48.1
1951 55.9 48.6
1952 56.1 49
1953 56.4 49.4
1954 56.6 49.8
1955 56.8 50.2
1956 57.1 50.6
1957 57.3 51
1958 57.5 51.4
1959 57.7 51.8
1960 57.9 52.1
1961 58.2 52.5
1962 58.4 52.9
1963 58.6 53.2
1964 58.8 53.6
1965 59 54
1966 59.2 54.4
1967 59.4 54.8
1968 59.6 55.3
1969 59.8 55.7
1970 60 56
1971 60.3 56.3
1972 60.5 56.6
1973 60.7 56.8
1974 60.9 57
1975 61.1 57.2
1976 61.3 57.4
1977 61.5 57.7
1978 61.8 58.3
1979 62.1 59.1
1980 62.5 60.2
1981 63 61
1982 63.6 61.6
1983 64.2 62
1984 64.8 62.4
1985 65.4 62.8
1986 65.8 63.2
1987 66 63.5
1988 66 63.7
1989 65.9 63.8
1990 65.7 63.9
1991 65.4 63.8
1992 65 63.8
1993 64.5 63.6
1994 64.1 63.5
1995 63.7 63.5
1996 63.5 63.5
1997 63.3 63.7
1998 63.3 64
1999 63.5 64.5
2000 63.8 64.9
2001 64.1 65.3
2002 64.4 65.6
2003 64.8 65.9
2004 65 66.1
2005 65.4 66.3
2006 65.7 66.6
2007 66.2 67
2008 66.8 67.6
2009 67.5 68.2
2010 68.3 68.6
2011 69.1 68.9
2012 69.9 69
2013 70.7 69
2014 71.4 69
2015 72 69.1
2016 72.5 69.1
2017 73 69.2
2018 73.4 69.3
2019 73.7 69.4
2020 71.2 68.8
2021 70.1 69.4
2022 73.5 69.9
2023 74.4 70.1
2024 74.5 70.2
2025 74.7 70.3

Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan population clocks and comparison

Population
Kazakhstan

Turkmenistan
Year Population
Kazakhstan Turkmenistan
1960 9,429,981 1,643,457
1961 9,742,085 1,695,400
1962 10,058,928 1,749,214
1963 10,377,466 1,804,272
1964 10,690,309 1,859,997
1965 10,993,183 1,915,916
1966 11,288,989 1,971,737
1967 11,584,428 2,027,403
1968 11,879,182 2,083,069
1969 12,156,212 2,139,024
1970 12,419,057 2,195,616
1971 12,684,813 2,253,119
1972 12,951,798 2,311,430
1973 13,208,121 2,370,919
1974 13,454,570 2,432,028
1975 13,700,843 2,494,570
1976 13,998,738 2,558,521
1977 14,353,265 2,623,948
1978 14,711,497 2,691,088
1979 14,978,696 2,760,358
1980 15,152,949 2,832,203
1981 15,323,082 2,907,187
1982 15,492,595 2,985,557
1983 15,665,551 3,067,534
1984 15,844,621 3,154,079
1985 16,031,090 3,247,534
1986 16,262,702 3,347,809
1987 16,527,715 3,452,731
1988 16,781,168 3,559,363
1989 16,997,013 3,662,459
1990 17,154,054 3,760,562
1991 17,278,600 3,855,894
1992 17,332,625 3,944,689
1993 17,274,487 4,032,407
1994 17,043,771 4,116,662
1995 16,730,536 4,191,203
1996 16,416,027 4,263,819
1997 16,043,251 4,336,730
1998 15,647,785 4,410,507
1999 15,455,874 4,492,170
2000 15,501,103 4,582,677
2001 15,575,550 4,675,409
2002 15,656,677 4,769,465
2003 15,747,380 4,863,865
2004 15,850,159 4,958,093
2005 15,968,117 5,052,257
2006 16,103,716 5,147,105
2007 16,257,214 5,244,046
2008 16,426,525 5,345,029
2009 16,619,846 5,451,592
2010 16,836,810 5,564,356
2011 17,066,002 5,683,417
2012 17,306,106 5,808,546
2013 17,556,502 5,939,341
2014 17,816,285 6,075,283
2015 18,084,169 6,215,770
2016 18,363,600 6,360,041
2017 18,651,931 6,507,061
2018 18,932,727 6,655,524
2019 19,209,555 6,803,944
2020 19,482,117 6,949,912
2021 19,743,603 7,092,043
2022 20,034,609 7,230,193
2023 20,330,104 7,364,438
2024 20,592,571 7,494,498

Fertility rates in Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan

Fertility rate
Kazakhstan

Turkmenistan
Year Fertility rate
Kazakhstan Turkmenistan
1960 4.5 6.59
1961 4.42 6.69
1962 4.36 6.76
1963 4.26 6.79
1964 4.07 6.79
1965 3.88 6.76
1966 3.82 6.7
1967 3.77 6.64
1968 3.63 6.56
1969 3.51 6.48
1970 3.51 6.4
1971 3.53 6.32
1972 3.55 6.2
1973 3.51 6.15
1974 3.45 6.09
1975 3.4 6
1976 3.33 5.9
1977 3.26 5.77
1978 3.16 5.61
1979 3.14 5.46
1980 3.09 5.3
1981 3.05 5.16
1982 3.02 5.04
1983 3.07 4.97
1984 3.15 4.96
1985 3.21 4.97
1986 3.19 4.94
1987 3.12 4.84
1988 3 4.68
1989 2.87 4.46
1990 2.75 4.29
1991 2.68 4.14
1992 2.58 3.96
1993 2.48 3.78
1994 2.38 3.62
1995 2.25 3.49
1996 2.08 3.29
1997 1.97 3.18
1998 1.94 3.08
1999 1.9 2.98
2000 1.9 2.9
2001 1.91 2.81
2002 1.96 2.71
2003 2.08 2.67
2004 2.2 2.67
2005 2.27 2.71
2006 2.38 2.72
2007 2.49 2.73
2008 2.62 2.75
2009 2.58 2.79
2010 2.61 2.85
2011 2.61 2.9
2012 2.64 2.96
2013 2.67 3.01
2014 2.76 3.02
2015 2.76 3.03
2016 2.8 2.99
2017 2.75 2.93
2018 2.85 2.88
2019 2.89 2.83
2020 3.13 2.79
2021 3.32 2.75
2022 3.05 2.73
2023 3.01 2.69

Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan demographics compared

Median age
Kazakhstan

Turkmenistan
Year Median age, years
Kazakhstan Turkmenistan
1960 23.2 21.3
1961 23.2 20.9
1962 23.3 20.4
1963 23.3 19.7
1964 23.3 19
1965 23.2 18.4
1966 23.2 18
1967 23.2 17.7
1968 23.1 17.5
1969 22.9 17.4
1970 22.8 17.4
1971 22.9 17.4
1972 22.9 17.5
1973 23.1 17.6
1974 23.2 17.7
1975 23.3 17.9
1976 23.3 18
1977 23.2 18.2
1978 23.2 18.3
1979 23 18.5
1980 22.9 18.7
1981 23.2 18.8
1982 23.5 19
1983 23.8 19.1
1984 24.1 19.2
1985 24.3 19.3
1986 24.6 19.3
1987 24.9 19.3
1988 25.2 19.3
1989 25.5 19.3
1990 25.7 19.3
1991 25.8 19.4
1992 25.9 19.4
1993 26.1 19.5
1994 26.3 19.6
1995 26.5 19.7
1996 26.7 19.9
1997 26.9 20.1
1998 27.1 20.3
1999 27.4 20.6
2000 27.6 20.9
2001 27.8 21.2
2002 28 21.5
2003 28.2 21.8
2004 28.3 22.1
2005 28.4 22.4
2006 28.4 22.8
2007 28.5 23.1
2008 28.4 23.4
2009 28.5 23.7
2010 28.6 24
2011 28.7 24.3
2012 28.8 24.5
2013 28.9 24.8
2014 29.1 25
2015 29.3 25.3
2016 29.5 25.5
2017 29.7 25.7
2018 29.9 25.9
2019 30.1 26.2
2020 30.2 26.4
2021 30.3 26.7
2022 30.3 26.9
2023 30.4 27.2
2024 30.5 27.5

Interactive Maps

Use the buttons below to switch between world maps comparing statistics for Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan.

GDP per capita

GDP

Life expectancy

Population

Population density

Fertility rate

Median age

Land area

National statistics comparison

Finance

Kazakhstan Turkmenistan
GNI, Atlas method
$250B
2024
$62.9B
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
20.6%
2025
11.1%
2025
Education expenditure, % of GDP
4.85%
2023
2.71%
2023
Military expenditure, % of GDP
0.48%
2023
2.9%
1999
Armed forces personnel
71,000
2020
57,000
2020
Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
-3.15%
2025
+0.17%
2025
Unemployment rate
4.86%
2022
4%
2010
Services, % of GDP
58.2%
2024
49.4%
2023
Industry, % of GDP
31.4%
2024
39.3%
2023
Economic freedom index
63.8
2025
47.1
2025
Income share by richest 10%
24.8%
2021
31.5%
1998
Income share by poorest 10%
4.3%
2021
2.4%
1998
Number of millionaires
44,307
2024
n/a
Percentage of millionaires
0.34%
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
6
2025
n/a
Percentage of billionaires
0.00005%
2025
n/a
Listed domestic companies
79
2024
n/a
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$62.8B
2024
n/a
Total reserves including gold
$45.8B
2024
$1.51B
1999
Personal remittances received
$240M
2024
$0
2023
International tourist arrivals
2,035,000
2020
380,000
1998
International tourism as share of exports
1.2%
2020
n/a
Banked people share
87%
2024
40.6%
2017

Energy

Kazakhstan Turkmenistan
Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita
3,651 kg
2023
5,626 kg
2022
GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use
$10.6
2023
$3.26
2022
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
239.9 megatons
2023
66 megatons
2023
CO2 emissions per capita
11.8 tons
2023
8.96 tons
2023
Fossil fuel energy use share
98.2%
2022
100%
2022
Renewable energy use share
2%
2021
0.1%
2021
Alternative and nuclear energy use share
1.68%
2023
0%
2022
Net energy imports use share
-119.1%
2023
-109.8%
2022
Electric power consumption per capita
5,146 kWh
2023
2,829 kWh
2022
Renewable electricity output share
11%
2021
0.01%
2021
Hydroelectric share
7.76%
2023
0.02%
2022
Nuclear share
0%
2021
0%
2021
Electricity access
100%
2023
100%
2023

Society

Kazakhstan Turkmenistan
% of world population
0.25%
2024
0.09%
2024
Annual migration change
-7,368
2024
+14,646
2024
Urban population
58.4%
2024
54.5%
2024
Male:Female ratio
50:50
2024
50:50
2024
Average male height
5.76 ft
2025
5.72 ft
2025
Average female height
5.31 ft
2025
5.34 ft
2025
Quality of life index
52.6
2025
33.8
2025
Corruption Perceptions Index
40
2024
17
2024
Higher education index
46
2025
n/a
Homicides per 100K people
2.63
2022
1.09
2015
Road traffic mortality per 100K people
12.7
2019
13.5
2019
Visa free countries
95
2025
65
2025
Adult literacy rate
99.8%
2020
99.9%
2022
English speaking
15.4%
2023
2%
2025
People using the Internet
93.4%
2024
21.3%
2017

Health

Kazakhstan Turkmenistan
Government health expenditure per capita
$421
2022
$579
2022
Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita
$130
2022
$459
2022
Life expectancy
74.7 years
2025
70.3 years
2025
Foreign aid share of health expenditure
0.24%
2022
0.63%
2022
Physicians per 1,000 people
4.03
2020
2.14
2021
Age at first childbirth
29.5 years
2021
24.1 years
2021
Maternal mortality per 100K births
10
2023
5
2023
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
9.6
2023
40
2023
Obesity rate
19%
2022
22.2%
2022
Diabetes prevalence
6.8%
2024
7.1%
2024
Air quality index
22
2025
26
2025
Tobacco use prevalence
22.2%
2022
5.6%
2022
Pure alcohol consumption per capita
4.52 liters
2020
2.62 liters
2020

Territory

Kazakhstan Turkmenistan
% of world land
1.81%
2025
0.32%
2025
Land area per capita
50,618 sq mi
2024
24,210 sq mi
2024
Agricultural land area
827,284 sq mi
2025
152,812 sq mi
2025
Forest area
13,677 sq mi
2025
15,934 sq mi
2025
Roads length
59,284 mi
2017
n/a

In-depth comparisons

Facts comparisons

Facts vs Kazakhstan vs Turkmenistan
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