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Economy of Iceland vs Vanuatu compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Iceland has a GDP of $33.5B compared to $1.16B for Vanuatu, ranking 108/197 and 185/197 by economy size, respectively.

Iceland has $19.8B in government debt (52.9% of GDP), compared to $518M (48.5% of GDP) in Vanuatu.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Iceland
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Vanuatu
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Iceland Vanuatu
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $252,169,712 $2,370,633,619 - -
1961 $257,703,245 $2,368,874,988 - -
1962 $289,200,704 $2,565,841,580 - -
1963 $345,175,036 $2,829,636,122 - -
1964 $440,797,869 $3,109,258,337 - -
1965 $531,569,564 $3,336,121,643 - -
1966 $638,349,755 $3,628,054,270 - -
1967 $630,567,116 $3,582,329,882 - -
1968 $481,532,848 $3,385,363,291 - -
1969 $420,945,148 $3,466,260,284 - -
1970 $526,704,545 $3,724,778,935 - -
1971 $670,251,136 $4,211,266,267 - -
1972 $839,652,164 $4,471,410,267 - -
1973 $1,154,440,253 $4,775,734,886 - -
1974 $1,515,190,595 $5,048,252,272 - -
1975 $1,406,875,081 $5,080,871,813 - -
1976 $1,669,488,390 $5,383,659,634 - -
1977 $2,208,509,076 $5,858,621,017 - -
1978 $2,511,826,196 $6,211,117,520 - -
1979 $2,853,435,054 $6,513,014,004 $119,258,835 $335,975,592
1980 $3,381,419,251 $6,887,376,883 $121,185,498 $297,675,024
1981 $3,492,997,010 $7,181,123,997 $113,781,796 $310,707,108
1982 $3,206,626,645 $7,335,846,073 $114,501,913 $316,858,745
1983 $2,765,950,336 $7,178,040,161 $117,389,554 $326,395,019
1984 $2,864,441,387 $7,474,429,927 $144,482,515 $357,647,314
1985 $2,984,052,357 $7,720,551,044 $131,856,421 $361,229,593
1986 $3,989,622,739 $8,204,671,437 $126,498,935 $360,686,075
1987 $5,520,318,405 $8,905,837,716 $139,464,174 $350,248,055
1988 $6,106,635,816 $8,897,846,863 $158,351,368 $344,318,766
1989 $5,672,569,449 $8,920,842,447 $154,013,202 $349,593,363
1990 $6,468,736,356 $9,025,160,130 $168,879,207 $390,480,753
1991 $6,909,730,288 $9,004,986,592 $201,334,169 $402,771,675
1992 $7,080,981,738 $8,701,167,877 $209,088,825 $413,184,990
1993 $6,218,581,532 $8,815,453,321 $200,491,853 $416,223,750
1994 $6,389,460,343 $9,133,590,508 $233,701,301 $454,022,969
1995 $7,123,633,418 $9,144,238,786 $249,333,250 $458,581,110
1996 $7,426,082,271 $9,561,867,469 $261,370,044 $469,253,831
1997 $7,569,672,925 $10,113,741,401 $272,771,209 $492,279,237
1998 $8,503,746,468 $10,858,455,907 $262,293,411 $498,072,647
1999 $8,982,047,589 $11,296,586,996 $268,006,973 $499,752,612
2000 $9,025,660,362 $11,859,726,688 $272,014,628 $529,362,000
2001 $8,234,846,805 $12,335,716,527 $257,926,882 $511,376,490
2002 $9,318,395,055 $12,404,737,217 $262,596,536 $484,793,510
2003 $11,429,333,038 $12,670,532,079 $314,471,413 $505,583,080
2004 $13,825,302,536 $13,659,137,605 $364,996,869 $525,742,663
2005 $16,852,963,067 $14,495,683,163 $394,962,433 $553,635,028
2006 $17,465,318,552 $15,411,374,457 $439,358,587 $600,476,413
2007 $21,652,505,597 $16,714,384,607 $516,392,923 $617,745,468
2008 $18,074,622,987 $17,083,688,336 $590,748,429 $652,345,341
2009 $13,154,414,219 $15,774,427,003 $592,622,319 $672,159,049
2010 $13,751,161,918 $15,327,572,990 $670,712,980 $680,620,639
2011 $15,221,622,926 $15,610,486,136 $770,153,588 $701,990,785
2012 $14,751,508,134 $15,776,524,980 $747,839,698 $709,081,227
2013 $16,125,060,515 $16,494,745,015 $758,304,466 $712,367,041
2014 $17,867,662,178 $16,773,046,832 $773,717,011 $730,710,780
2015 $17,517,210,519 $17,517,210,519 $759,690,181 $759,690,181
2016 $20,793,168,031 $18,621,440,663 $804,323,577 $786,063,165
2017 $24,728,285,177 $19,402,600,563 $880,043,284 $820,749,507
2018 $26,260,850,582 $20,351,227,271 $914,727,908 $844,553,133
2019 $24,681,343,649 $20,729,999,825 $936,526,268 $871,926,685
2020 $21,629,953,194 $19,291,243,916 $909,421,044 $828,395,820
2021 $25,770,339,317 $20,262,250,570 $982,362,212 $815,536,674
2022 $28,696,453,180 $22,081,592,143 $1,030,654,208 $857,832,270
2023 $31,452,223,862 $23,328,420,812 $1,126,313,359 $849,555,971
2024 $33,462,807,983 $23,448,996,816 $1,161,251,868 $883,260,050

Economic indicators

Iceland Vanuatu
Gross domestic product
$33.5B
2024
$1.16B
2024
GDP rank
108/197
2024
185/197
2024
GDP growth
6.39%
2023-2024
3.1%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$82,704
2024
$3,543
2024
GDP per capita rank
10/197
2024
133/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$78,259
2024
$3,602
2024
Government debt
$19.8B
2024
$518M
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
52.9%
2025
48.5%
2025
Government debt per person
$48,859
2024
$1,580
2024
Government debt per person rank
9/185
2024
126/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$54,155
2025
$2,778
2025
Number of billionaires
1
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
22.4%
2019
24.7%
2019
Income share by poorest 10%
3.7%
2019
3%
2019
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44.5%
2025
38.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
5.86%
2023-2024
11.2%
2022-2023
Central bank interest rate
7.5%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
3.56%
2024
4.05%
2020
Population
412970
341110

GDP per capita in Iceland vs Vanuatu

Iceland's GDP per capita is $82,704, ranking 10/197, compared to $3,543 in Vanuatu, ranking 133/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Iceland ranks 15th at $78,259, while Vanuatu ranks 170th at $3,602.

Iceland
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Vanuatu
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Iceland Vanuatu
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $1,436 - - -
1961 $1,439 - - -
1962 $1,586 - - -
1963 $1,859 - - -
1964 $2,332 - - -
1965 $2,764 - - -
1966 $3,264 - - -
1967 $3,173 - - -
1968 $2,390 - - -
1969 $2,070 - - -
1970 $2,576 - - -
1971 $3,252 - - -
1972 $4,015 - - -
1973 $5,437 - - -
1974 $7,041 - - -
1975 $6,454 - - -
1976 $7,583 - - -
1977 $9,957 - - -
1978 $11,237 - - -
1979 $12,641 - $1,055 -
1980 $14,822 - $1,048 -
1981 $15,137 - $962 -
1982 $13,712 - $946 -
1983 $11,672 - $947 -
1984 $11,960 - $1,137 -
1985 $12,361 - $1,012 -
1986 $16,406 - $946 -
1987 $22,453 - $1,017 -
1988 $24,452 - $1,125 -
1989 $22,434 - $1,067 -
1990 $25,385 $21,970 $1,141 $1,670
1991 $26,803 $22,401 $1,326 $1,737
1992 $27,124 $21,863 $1,344 $1,777
1993 $23,580 $22,445 $1,257 $1,789
1994 $24,019 $23,547 $1,431 $1,946
1995 $26,634 $23,938 $1,492 $1,961
1996 $27,615 $24,767 $1,529 $1,998
1997 $27,919 $26,868 $1,562 $2,087
1998 $31,030 $28,721 $1,471 $2,091
1999 $32,382 $29,558 $1,472 $2,084
2000 $32,096 $29,783 $1,460 $2,206
2001 $28,897 $31,885 $1,350 $2,125
2002 $32,409 $32,607 $1,341 $1,995
2003 $39,477 $32,701 $1,567 $2,070
2004 $47,335 $35,617 $1,774 $2,157
2005 $56,795 $37,323 $1,874 $2,287
2006 $57,493 $39,700 $2,035 $2,496
2007 $69,496 $41,473 $2,334 $2,573
2008 $56,943 $43,728 $2,604 $2,701
2009 $41,301 $41,863 $2,546 $2,730
2010 $43,237 $39,768 $2,815 $2,733
2011 $47,715 $40,937 $3,163 $2,816
2012 $45,996 $42,004 $3,005 $2,834
2013 $49,805 $44,410 $2,980 $2,832
2014 $54,577 $45,997 $2,973 $2,890
2015 $52,952 $49,214 $2,855 $2,966
2016 $61,988 $53,480 $2,956 $3,030
2017 $72,010 $55,638 $3,160 $3,146
2018 $74,452 $57,198 $3,207 $3,233
2019 $68,452 $60,524 $3,207 $3,315
2020 $59,024 $55,797 $3,043 $3,118
2021 $69,178 $61,610 $3,212 $3,136
2022 $75,121 $73,426 $3,292 $3,453
2023 $79,960 $76,667 $3,515 $3,461
2024 $82,704 $78,259 $3,543 $3,602

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Iceland's government spending was $15.5B, accounting for 44.5% of its GDP, while Vanuatu's spent $442M, or 38.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 52.9% in Iceland and 48.5% in Vanuatu, ranking 102/185 and 113/185, respectively.

Iceland
Government spending

Government debt
Vanuatu
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Iceland Vanuatu
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 33.2% 13.6% - -
1961 25.3% 8.49% - -
1962 24.9% 7.47% - -
1963 26.2% 7.89% - -
1964 28.2% 7.97% - -
1965 28.3% 7.78% - -
1966 28.3% 5.56% - -
1967 31.6% 8.8% - -
1968 33.3% 14.2% - -
1969 30.3% 14.6% - -
1970 29.9% 11.4% - -
1971 32.5% 11.7% - -
1972 33.3% 14.5% - -
1973 33.7% 11.5% - -
1974 36.6% 12.5% - -
1975 36.9% 16.4% - -
1976 32.1% 17.2% - -
1977 31.7% 18.4% - -
1978 31.9% 19.8% - -
1979 32.4% 21.1% - -
1980 33.9% 24.8% - -
1981 35.3% 22.4% - -
1982 36% 28.9% - -
1983 37.8% 30.8% - -
1984 34.7% 32.4% - -
1985 37% 32% - -
1986 39.5% 29.9% - -
1987 36.5% 27.3% - -
1988 41.4% 30.6% - -
1989 42.9% 35.3% - -
1990 42.6% 35.5% - -
1991 42.8% 37.6% 33.2% 15.9%
1992 44.7% 45.4% 31.8% 21%
1993 45.1% 52.3% 26.2% 20.3%
1994 45% 54.8% 24.4% 21.6%
1995 44.4% 58.1% 28% 24.1%
1996 43.9% 55.6% 24.5% 23.1%
1997 42.1% 52% 22.2% 22.9%
1998 40.9% 44% 27.9% 28%
1999 45.4% 76.6% 23.9% 30.6%
2000 44.8% 75.8% 25.4% 36.1%
2001 47.4% 83.4% 22.3% 37%
2002 45.5% 82.2% 22.3% 38.8%
2003 47.8% 85.1% 18.8% 38.3%
2004 46.7% 80.9% 18.5% 30.4%
2005 45% 68.9% 18.3% 26.3%
2006 44.8% 70.7% 20.1% 22.2%
2007 44.7% 68.4% 22.5% 19.5%
2008 63.4% 110.4% 27.8% 21.2%
2009 53.6% 128.8% 27.6% 21.1%
2010 48.8% 133.1% 28.3% 20.2%
2011 50.5% 138.2% 25.1% 21.3%
2012 47.7% 133.9% 24.5% 19.3%
2013 46% 122% 22.9% 18.6%
2014 45.8% 115.3% 23.3% 20.2%
2015 43.5% 97.3% 42.4% 36.3%
2016 46.4% 82.5% 35.2% 42.5%
2017 44.4% 71.7% 37.1% 52.6%
2018 43.8% 63.2% 33.3% 45.3%
2019 43.6% 66.5% 39.8% 45.1%
2020 51.1% 77.5% 43.4% 48%
2021 49.6% 74.9% 44.4% 48.5%
2022 46.7% 67.5% 42% 43.1%
2023 45.3% 62% 41.6% 40.6%
2024 46.3% 59.1% 38% 44.6%
2025 44.5% 52.9% 38.6% 48.5%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Iceland's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$1.17B, equivalent to -3.48% of GDP. This compares to Vanuatu's deficit of -$75.1M, or -6.47% of GDP.

Over the past 34 years, Iceland recorded a fiscal deficit in 23 of those years, while Vanuatu ran a deficit in 26 years. On average, Iceland posted an annual deficit equal to -1.57% of GDP, compared to deficit of -1.68% of GDP for Vanuatu.

Deficit/surplus
Iceland

Vanuatu
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Iceland Vanuatu
1909 -2.15% -
1910 -1.27% -
1911 -3.06% -
1912 -2.93% -
1913 -2.3% -
1914 -3.21% -
1915 -2.06% -
1916 -2.53% -
1917 -11.3% -
1918 -7.43% -
1919 -2.5% -
1920 -7.45% -
1921 -6.12% -
1922 -4.67% -
1923 -4.99% -
1924 -1.78% -
1925 0.43% -
1926 -2.43% -
1927 -3.45% -
1928 -1.94% -
1929 -1.94% -
1930 -4.94% -
1931 -4.27% -
1932 -4.65% -
1933 -3.42% -
1934 -4.79% -
1935 -3.46% -
1936 -3.34% -
1937 -2.6% -
1938 -2.01% -
1939 -2.6% -
1940 -1.35% -
1941 -1.33% -
1942 -0.75% -
1943 -0.89% -
1944 -3.23% -
1945 -2.33% -
1946 -0.37% -
1947 -1.95% -
1948 0.67% -
1949 -0.3% -
1950 1.23% -
1951 2.73% -
1952 3.33% -
1953 0.34% -
1954 1.25% -
1955 1.57% -
1956 -0.09% -
1957 1.2% -
1958 2.16% -
1959 2.44% -
1960 2.38% -
1961 1.64% -
1962 2.25% -
1963 1.8% -
1964 -0.41% -
1965 0.15% -
1966 1.69% -
1967 0.78% -
1968 -0.89% -
1969 -0.88% -
1970 0.27% -
1971 -0.69% -
1972 0.05% -
1973 -0.74% -
1974 -3.64% -
1975 -3.87% -
1976 0.02% -
1977 -1.2% -
1978 -0.9% -
1979 -0.07% -
1980 1.37% -
1981 1.32% -
1982 1.72% -
1983 -1.96% -
1984 2.25% -
1985 -1.56% -
1986 -3.93% -
1987 -0.79% -
1988 -1.93% -
1989 -4.29% -
1990 -3.16% -
1991 -0.66% -2.81%
1992 -1.86% -2.32%
1993 -4.36% -3.67%
1994 -4.59% -1.49%
1995 -2.87% -2.59%
1996 -1.52% -1.78%
1997 0.04% -0.51%
1998 -0.57% -6.65%
1999 1.32% -0.55%
2000 1.45% -6.28%
2001 -0.28% -3.33%
2002 -2.27% -3.63%
2003 -2.32% -1.35%
2004 0.29% 0.8%
2005 5.01% 1.86%
2006 6.45% 0.49%
2007 5.6% 0.28%
2008 -12.1% -0.04%
2009 -8.58% -0.85%
2010 -6.66% -2.63%
2011 -6.53% -2.19%
2012 -2.62% -1.7%
2013 -1.25% -0.25%
2014 0.3% 1.44%
2015 -0.4% -8.66%
2016 12.5% -0.72%
2017 0.98% -1.2%
2018 0.96% 6.26%
2019 -1.59% 2.81%
2020 -8.9% -1.95%
2021 -8.48% 2.38%
2022 -3.99% -6.5%
2023 -2.29% -3.47%
2024 -3.48% -6.47%
2025 -1.64% -5.96%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 28 years, Iceland has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.53%, compared with 2.93% in Vanuatu. In 2023, inflation was 5.86% in Iceland and 11.2% in Vanuatu.

Inflation
Iceland

Vanuatu
Year Inflation
Iceland Vanuatu Iceland Vanuatu
1996 2.26% 0.91%
1997 1.82% 2.83%
1998 1.66% 3.28%
1999 3.23% 2%
2000 5.14% 2.54%
2001 6.41% 3.58%
2002 5.2% 1.96%
2003 2.06% 3.02%
2004 3.16% 1.42%
2005 3.99% 1.2%
2006 6.69% 2.04%
2007 5.05% 3.94%
2008 12.7% 4.84%
2009 12% 4.3%
2010 5.4% 2.76%
2011 4% 0.87%
2012 5.19% 1.35%
2013 3.87% 1.46%
2014 2.04% 0.8%
2015 1.63% 2.48%
2016 1.7% 0.84%
2017 1.76% 3.08%
2018 2.68% 2.33%
2019 3.01% 2.76%
2020 2.85% 5.33%
2021 4.44% 2.34%
2022 8.31% 6.68%
2023 8.74% 11.2%
2024 5.86% -

Top exports between countries

Iceland
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $54K
Miscellaneous $1K
Vanuatu
Export category Export value

Balance of trade

Iceland Vanuatu
Current account balance
-$867M
2024
-$127M
2022
Current account balance ranking
120/189
2024
88/189
2022
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.59%
2024
-12.4%
2022
Goods imports
$9.3B
2024
$350M
2022
Goods exports
$6.99B
2024
$73.6M
2022
Service imports
$5.16B
2024
$230M
2022
Service exports
$7.12B
2024
$78.5M
2022
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
42.7%
2024
55.5%
2022
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
41.6%
2024
9.65%
2022

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Iceland Vanuatu
Economic freedom 72.8 61.8
Economic freedom ranking 26/197 86/197
Property rights 97 61.4
Government integrity 81.5 48.1
Judicial effectiveness 95.6 71.3
Tax burden 72.6 97.6
Government spending 33.2 43.1
Fiscal health 55.2 85.4
Business freedom 86.3 55.5
Labor freedom 60.1 48.8
Monetary freedom 71.8 65.7
Trade freedom 80.4 59.4
Investment freedom 70 65
Financial freedom 70 40

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Iceland is 72.8, ranking 26/197, compared to 61.8 for Vanuatu, ranking 86/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Iceland
Vanuatu
Year Economic freedom index
Iceland Vanuatu
1997 70.5 -
1998 71.2 -
1999 71.4 -
2000 74 -
2001 73.4 -
2002 73.1 -
2003 73.5 -
2004 72.1 -
2005 76.6 -
2006 75.8 -
2007 76 -
2008 75.8 -
2009 75.9 58.4
2010 73.7 56.4
2011 68.2 56.7
2012 70.9 56.6
2013 72.1 56.6
2014 72.4 59.5
2015 72 61.1
2016 73.3 60.8
2017 74.4 67.4
2018 77 69.5
2019 77.1 56.4
2020 77.1 60.7
2021 77.4 60.5
2022 77 62.9
2023 72.2 62.1
2024 70.5 62.2
2025 72.8 61.8

More economic indicators

Iceland Vanuatu
Services, % of GDP
65.5%
2024
60.4%
2022
Industry, % of GDP
19.4%
2024
7.55%
2022
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
4.05%
2024
24.9%
2022
GNI, Atlas method
$31.8B
2024
$1.29B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$78,080
2024
$4,120
2024
Total reserves including gold
$6.4B
2024
$615M
2024
Total reserves ranking
90/177
2024
152/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$2.24B
2024
-$9.21M
2022
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$2.7B
2024
$28.9M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$461M
2024
$2.79M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
n/a
1.99%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
8.8%
2017
15.9%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
26.6%
2024
39.2%
2022

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.