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Economy of United Kingdom vs Vanuatu compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

The United Kingdom has a GDP of $3.69T compared to $1.12B for Vanuatu, ranking 6/197 and 188/197 by economy size, respectively.

The United Kingdom has $3.73T in government debt (101.2% of GDP), compared to $507M (45.3% of GDP) in Vanuatu.

United Kingdom vs Vanuatu GDP by year

United Kingdom
Vanuatu
1x
Year GDP, current $
United Kingdom Vanuatu
2024 $3,686,033,044,482 $1,117,972,034
2023 $3,420,796,653,789 $1,115,861,056
2022 $3,181,244,350,465 $1,055,031,361
2021 $3,194,559,188,926 $950,394,007
2020 $2,724,001,478,305 $909,421,044
2019 $2,875,710,080,015 $936,526,268
2018 $2,897,028,009,916 $914,727,908
2017 $2,699,118,387,873 $880,043,284
2016 $2,706,807,606,539 $804,323,577
2015 $2,945,579,890,258 $759,690,181
2014 $3,085,362,169,410 $773,717,011
2013 $2,796,908,333,283 $758,304,466
2012 $2,719,715,961,540 $747,839,698
2011 $2,675,590,034,129 $770,153,588
2010 $2,496,740,681,057 $670,712,980
2009 $2,429,358,155,476 $592,622,319
2008 $2,945,251,838,235 $590,748,429
2007 $3,104,699,879,952 $516,392,923
2006 $2,719,558,417,663 $439,358,587
2005 $2,551,361,818,182 $394,962,433
2004 $2,429,774,807,763 $364,996,869
2003 $2,061,227,755,102 $314,471,413
2002 $1,790,536,570,743 $262,596,536
2001 $1,656,171,009,069 $257,926,882
2000 $1,671,597,821,153 $272,014,628
1999 $1,693,458,987,219 $268,006,973
1998 $1,660,821,464,061 $262,293,411
1997 $1,569,317,288,802 $272,771,209
1996 $1,425,287,051,482 $261,370,044
1995 $1,349,094,208,616 $249,333,250
1994 $1,140,489,745,944 $233,701,301
1993 $1,061,388,722,256 $200,491,853
1992 $1,179,659,529,660 $209,088,825
1991 $1,142,797,178,131 $201,334,169
1990 $1,093,169,389,205 $168,879,207
1989 $926,884,816,754 $154,013,202
1988 $910,122,732,124 $158,351,368
1987 $745,162,608,269 $139,464,174
1986 $601,452,653,181 $126,498,935
1985 $489,285,164,271 $131,856,421
1984 $461,487,097,632 $144,482,515
1983 $489,618,008,186 $117,389,554
1982 $515,048,916,841 $114,501,913
1981 $540,765,675,241 $113,781,796
1980 $564,947,710,899 $121,185,498
1979 $438,994,070,309 $119,258,835
1978 $335,883,029,722 -
1977 $263,066,457,352 -
1976 $232,614,555,256 -
1975 $241,756,637,168 -
1974 $206,131,369,799 -
1973 $192,537,971,583 -
1972 $169,965,034,965 -
1971 $148,113,896,325 -
1970 $130,671,946,244 -
1969 $116,464,702,803 -
1968 $107,759,910,068 -
1967 $113,116,888,211 -
1966 $108,572,752,102 -
1965 $101,824,755,079 -
1964 $94,407,558,351 -
1963 $86,561,961,812 -
1962 $81,247,564,157 -
1961 $77,741,965,703 -
1960 $73,233,967,692 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/united-kingdom/vanuatu | CC BY

GDP per capita in United Kingdom vs Vanuatu by year

United Kingdom
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Vanuatu
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
United Kingdom Vanuatu
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $53,246 $62,009 $3,411 $3,606
2023 $49,944 $59,911 $3,483 $3,568
2022 $47,057 $59,022 $3,370 $3,453
2021 $47,691 $51,004 $3,107 $3,136
2020 $40,813 $48,230 $3,043 $3,118
2019 $43,159 $50,065 $3,207 $3,315
2018 $43,703 $47,212 $3,207 $3,233
2017 $40,917 $46,113 $3,160 $3,146
2016 $41,258 $44,085 $2,956 $3,030
2015 $45,255 $42,515 $2,855 $2,966
2014 $47,746 $41,267 $2,973 $2,890
2013 $43,607 $39,948 $2,980 $2,832
2012 $42,688 $38,337 $3,005 $2,834
2011 $42,296 $37,224 $3,163 $2,816
2010 $39,778 $36,484 $2,815 $2,733
2009 $39,009 $35,042 $2,546 $2,730
2008 $47,652 $36,745 $2,604 $2,701
2007 $50,629 $35,522 $2,334 $2,573
2006 $44,695 $34,727 $2,035 $2,496
2005 $42,240 $32,726 $1,874 $2,287
2004 $40,504 $32,051 $1,774 $2,157
2003 $34,557 $30,314 $1,567 $2,070
2002 $30,159 $29,089 $1,341 $1,995
2001 $28,014 $27,913 $1,350 $2,125
2000 $28,384 $26,536 $1,460 $2,206
1999 $28,858 $24,494 $1,472 $2,084
1998 $28,396 $23,689 $1,471 $2,091
1997 $26,910 $23,071 $1,562 $2,087
1996 $24,503 $21,947 $1,529 $1,998
1995 $23,253 $20,595 $1,492 $1,961
1994 $19,709 $19,605 $1,431 $1,946
1993 $18,389 $18,336 $1,257 $1,789
1992 $20,487 $17,349 $1,344 $1,777
1991 $19,901 $16,791 $1,326 $1,737
1990 $19,095 $16,505 $1,141 $1,670
1989 $16,239 - $1,067 -
1988 $15,987 - $1,125 -
1987 $13,119 - $1,017 -
1986 $10,611 - $946 -
1985 $8,652 - $1,012 -
1984 $8,179 - $1,137 -
1983 $8,692 - $947 -
1982 $9,146 - $946 -
1981 $9,599 - $962 -
1980 $10,032 - $1,048 -
1979 $7,805 - $1,055 -
1978 $5,977 - - -
1977 $4,681 - - -
1976 $4,138 - - -
1975 $4,300 - - -
1974 $3,666 - - -
1973 $3,426 - - -
1972 $3,030 - - -
1971 $2,650 - - -
1970 $2,348 - - -
1969 $2,101 - - -
1968 $1,952 - - -
1967 $2,059 - - -
1966 $1,987 - - -
1965 $1,874 - - -
1964 $1,748 - - -
1963 $1,613 - - -
1962 $1,526 - - -
1961 $1,472 - - -
1960 $1,398 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/united-kingdom/vanuatu | CC BY

The United Kingdom's GDP per capita is $53,246, ranking 22/197, compared to $3,411 in Vanuatu, ranking 137/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), the United Kingdom ranks 32nd at $62,009, while Vanuatu ranks 170th at $3,606.

Economic indicators

United Kingdom Vanuatu
Gross domestic product
$3.69T
2024
$1.12B
2024
GDP rank
6/197
2024
188/197
2024
GDP growth
1.13%
2023-2024
0.94%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$53,246
2024
$3,411
2024
GDP per capita rank
22/197
2024
137/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$62,009
2024
$3,606
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
32/197
2024
170/197
2024
Government debt
$3.73T
2024
$507M
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
101.2%
2024
45.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$53,900
2024
$1,546
2024
Government debt per person rank
7/185
2024
131/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$39,230
2026
$3,164
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$3.1T
2022
n/a
Number of millionaires
2,624,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
55
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.6%
2021
24.7%
2019
Income share by poorest 10%
3%
2021
3%
2019
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44%
2024
41.1%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.27%
2023-2024
11.2%
2022-2023
Central bank interest rate
3.75%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
4.36%
2024
4.05%
2020
Population
70154914
344750

Spending and national debt comparison by year

United Kingdom
Spending

Debt
Vanuatu
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
United Kingdom Vanuatu
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 44% 101.2% 41.1% 45.3%
2023 44.8% 100.4% 41.6% 41.8%
2022 44.1% 99.6% 42% 42.8%
2021 45.8% 105.1% 44.4% 48.5%
2020 50% 105.8% 43.4% 48%
2019 38.8% 85.7% 39.8% 45.1%
2018 38.9% 86.3% 33.3% 45.3%
2017 39.2% 86.7% 37.1% 52.6%
2016 39.6% 87.8% 35.2% 42.5%
2015 40.4% 87.9% 42.4% 36.3%
2014 41.2% 87.1% 23.3% 20.2%
2013 41.8% 85.3% 22.9% 18.6%
2012 43.6% 84.5% 24.5% 19.3%
2011 43.5% 81.4% 25.1% 21.3%
2010 44.7% 75.9% 28.3% 20.2%
2009 44.6% 64.9% 27.6% 21.1%
2008 41% 50.8% 27.8% 21.2%
2007 38.7% 43.2% 22.5% 19.5%
2006 38.4% 42.1% 20.1% 22.2%
2005 38.4% 41% 18.3% 26.3%
2004 38% 39.8% 18.5% 30.4%
2003 37.2% 36.8% 18.8% 38.3%
2002 35.9% 35.4% 22.3% 38.8%
2001 34.7% 35% 22.3% 37%
2000 33.9% 37.7% 25.4% 36.1%
1999 33.9% 40.4% 23.9% 30.6%
1998 34.5% 42% 27.9% 28%
1997 34.9% 44.1% 22.2% 22.9%
1996 35.7% 43.7% 24.5% 23.1%
1995 37.6% 43.7% 28% 24.1%
1994 37.5% 40.7% 24.4% 21.6%
1993 37.8% 38% 26.2% 20.3%
1992 37.8% 33.2% 31.8% 21%
1991 35.9% 28.5% 33.2% 15.9%
1990 35% 28.5% - -
1989 39.7% 31.4% - -
1988 40.3% 36.6% - -
1987 42.7% 41.8% - -
1986 44.6% 42.9% - -
1985 48.7% 42.9% - -
1984 50.3% 44.1% - -
1983 50.4% 44.2% - -
1982 50.8% 44.7% - -
1981 51.2% 41.1% - -
1980 47.6% 43.7% - -
1979 45.1% 44.5% - -
1978 46.2% 47.3% - -
1977 46.8% 53.7% - -
1976 49.2% 47.7% - -
1975 49.1% 49.6% - -
1974 47.8% 56.2% - -
1973 43.5% 58.5% - -
1972 42.3% 65% - -
1971 41.2% 67.9% - -
1970 42% 73.4% - -
1969 39.2% 82.8% - -
1968 40.3% 88.5% - -
1967 40.1% 89.1% - -
1966 35.7% 91.9% - -
1965 34.6% 94.6% - -
1964 32.8% 101.1% - -
1963 37.4% 108.6% - -
1962 33.8% 110.5% - -
1961 31.5% 113.8% - -
1960 33.1% 117.9% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/united-kingdom/vanuatu | CC BY

In 2024, the United Kingdom's government spending was $1.62T, accounting for 44% of its GDP, while Vanuatu spent $459M, or 41.1% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 101.2% in the United Kingdom and 45.3% in Vanuatu, ranking 22/185 and 119/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
United Kingdom

Vanuatu
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
United Kingdom Vanuatu
2024 -5.75% -2.34%
2023 -6.05% -0.95%
2022 -4.56% -6.5%
2021 -7.72% 2.38%
2020 -13.2% -1.95%
2019 -2.47% 2.81%
2018 -2.27% 6.26%
2017 -2.49% -1.2%
2016 -3.31% -0.72%
2015 -4.59% -8.66%
2014 -5.53% 1.44%
2013 -5.34% -0.25%
2012 -7.45% -1.7%
2011 -7.38% -2.19%
2010 -9.22% -2.63%
2009 -10.1% -0.85%
2008 -5.09% -0.04%
2007 -2.65% 0.28%
2006 -2.76% 0.49%
2005 -3.15% 1.86%
2004 -3.16% 0.8%
2003 -3.22% -1.35%
2002 -1.96% -3.63%
2001 0.34% -3.33%
2000 1.4% -6.28%
1999 0.76% -0.55%
1998 -0.21% -6.65%
1997 -2.01% -0.51%
1996 -3.65% -1.78%
1995 -4.99% -2.59%
1994 -5.74% -1.49%
1993 -6.62% -3.67%
1992 -5.41% -2.32%
1991 -2.77% -2.81%
1990 -1.54% -
1989 0.77% -
1988 0.46% -
1987 -1.79% -
1986 -2.56% -
1985 -5.57% -
1984 -6.39% -
1983 -6.26% -
1982 -5.66% -
1981 -7.03% -
1980 -5.65% -
1979 -5.79% -
1978 -6.63% -
1977 -4.41% -
1976 -5.61% -
1975 -5.08% -
1974 -4.06% -
1973 -4.29% -
1972 -1.66% -
1971 1.48% -
1970 2.61% -
1969 1.03% -
1968 -2.3% -
1967 -4.57% -
1966 -1.59% -
1965 -2.06% -
1964 -1.76% -
1963 -5.47% -
1962 -0.49% -
1961 0.56% -
1960 -2.75% -
1959 -0.58% -
1958 -1.73% -
1957 -1.04% -
1956 0.55% -
1955 -0.39% -
1954 -1.65% -
1953 -2.84% -
1952 -1.26% -
1951 2.03% -
1950 0.34% -
1949 3.01% -
1948 -0.39% -
1947 -15.8% -
1946 -22.5% -
1945 -30.9% -
1944 -29.7% -
1943 -33.3% -
1942 -31.6% -
1941 -32% -
1940 -12.1% -
1939 -2.99% -
1938 0% -
1937 0.82% -
1936 0.17% -
1935 0.37% -
1934 0.48% -
1933 0.99% -
1932 -0.15% -
1931 0.8% -
1930 1.01% -
1929 0.75% -
1928 1.75% -
1927 1.62% -
1926 0.6% -
1925 0.84% -
1924 1.19% -
1923 2.23% -
1922 2.45% -
1921 1.15% -
1920 4.2% -
1919 -6.28% -
1918 -34.4% -
1917 -48.8% -
1916 -50.6% -
1915 -30% -
1914 -14.6% -
1913 0.25% -
1912 0.22% -
1911 0.51% -
1910 1.75% -
1909 -1.25% -
1908 0.34% -
1907 0.66% -
1906 0.58% -
1905 0.36% -
1904 0.2% -
1903 -0.22% -
1902 -1.77% -
1901 -2.74% -
1900 -2.96% -
1899 -0.79% -
1898 0.01% -
1897 0.25% -
1896 0.17% -
1895 0.3% -
1894 0.06% -
1893 -0.007% -
1892 0.14% -
1891 0.19% -
1890 0.23% -
1889 0.3% -
1888 0.27% -
1887 0.25% -
1886 0.07% -
1885 -0.21% -
1884 -0.04% -
1883 0.06% -
1882 0.02% -
1881 0.06% -
1880 0.1% -
1879 -0.86% -
1878 -0.18% -
1877 -0.18% -
1876 0.09% -
1875 0% -
1874 0.09% -
1873 0% -
1872 0.55% -
1871 0.29% -
1870 0% -
1869 0.77% -
1868 -0.45% -
1867 -0.45% -
1866 0.11% -
1865 0% -
1864 0.24% -
1863 0% -
1862 -0.13% -
1861 -0.4% -
1860 -0.43% -
1859 0% -
1858 -0.15% -
1857 -0.15% -
1856 -0.6% -
1855 -3.57% -
1854 -3.39% -
1853 0.5% -
1852 0.35% -
1851 0.35% -
1850 0.37% -
1849 0.34% -
1848 -0.17% -
1847 -6.13% -
1846 0.52% -
1845 0.56% -
1844 0.59% -
1843 0.44% -
1842 -0.87% -
1841 -0.42% -
1840 -0.2% -
1839 -0.18% -
1838 -0.19% -
1837 -0.21% -
1836 0.59% -
1835 0.42% -
1834 0.23% -
1833 0.24% -
1832 0% -
1831 0% -
1830 0.45% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/united-kingdom/vanuatu | CC BY

In 2024, the United Kingdom's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $212B, equivalent to 5.75% of GDP. This compares to Vanuatu's deficit of $26.2M, or 2.34% of GDP.

Over the past 34 years, the United Kingdom recorded a fiscal deficit in 31 of those years, while Vanuatu ran a deficit in 26 years. On average, the United Kingdom posted an annual deficit equal to 4.36% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.49% of GDP for Vanuatu.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
United Kingdom

Vanuatu
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
United Kingdom Vanuatu
2024 3.27% -
2023 6.79% 11.2%
2022 7.92% 6.68%
2021 2.52% 2.34%
2020 0.99% 5.33%
2019 1.74% 2.76%
2018 2.29% 2.33%
2017 2.56% 3.08%
2016 1.01% 0.84%
2015 0.37% 2.48%
2014 1.45% 0.8%
2013 2.29% 1.46%
2012 2.57% 1.35%
2011 3.86% 0.87%
2010 2.49% 2.76%
2009 1.96% 4.3%
2008 3.52% 4.84%
2007 2.39% 3.94%
2006 2.46% 2.04%
2005 2.09% 1.2%
2004 1.39% 1.42%
2003 1.38% 3.02%
2002 1.52% 1.96%
2001 1.53% 3.58%
2000 1.18% 2.54%
1999 1.75% 2%
1998 1.82% 3.28%
1997 2.2% 2.83%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/united-kingdom/vanuatu | CC BY

Over the past 27 years, the United Kingdom has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.37%, compared with 3.01% in Vanuatu. In 2023, inflation was 3.27% in the United Kingdom and 11.2% in Vanuatu.

Top exports between countries

United Kingdom
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $554K
Chemicals & pharma $150K
Textiles & consumer goods $76K
Miscellaneous $48K
Wood & paper products $8K
Metals $7K
Raw materials & minerals $4K
Precious metals & jewellery $3K
Vanuatu
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $358K
Wood & paper products $169K
Raw agricultural goods $136K
Chemicals & pharma $102K

Balance of trade

United Kingdom Vanuatu
Current account balance
-$80.6B
2024
-$127M
2022
Current account balance ranking
189/190
2024
90/190
2022
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.19%
2024
-12.1%
2022
Goods imports
$763B
2024
$350M
2022
Goods exports
$494B
2024
$73.6M
2022
Service imports
$411B
2024
$230M
2022
Service exports
$648B
2024
$78.5M
2022
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
31.9%
2024
54.2%
2022
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
31%
2024
9.43%
2022

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

United Kingdom Vanuatu
Economic freedom 70.4 61.1
Economic freedom ranking 35/197 92/197
Property rights 93.6 62.1
Government integrity 83 48.3
Judicial effectiveness 83.1 67.9
Tax burden 61.7 96.9
Government spending 41.1 48.1
Fiscal health 32.4 78.8
Business freedom 83.6 50.3
Labor freedom 61.2 41
Monetary freedom 71.9 72.1
Trade freedom 82.8 62
Investment freedom 70 65
Financial freedom 80 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

United Kingdom
Vanuatu
1x
Year Economic freedom index
United Kingdom Vanuatu
2026 70.4 61.1
2025 69.3 61.8
2024 68.6 62.2
2023 69.9 62.1
2022 72.7 62.9
2021 78.4 60.5
2020 79.3 60.7
2019 78.9 56.4
2018 78 69.5
2017 76.4 67.4
2016 76.4 60.8
2015 75.8 61.1
2014 74.9 59.5
2013 74.8 56.6
2012 74.1 56.6
2011 74.5 56.7
2010 76.5 56.4
2009 79 58.4
2008 79.4 -
2007 79.9 -
2006 80.4 -
2005 79.2 -
2004 77.7 -
2003 77.5 -
2002 78.5 -
2001 77.6 -
2000 77.3 -
1999 76.2 -
1998 76.5 -
1997 76.4 -
1996 76.4 -
1995 77.9 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/united-kingdom/vanuatu | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for the United Kingdom is 70.4, ranking 35/197, compared to 61.1 for Vanuatu, ranking 92/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

United Kingdom Vanuatu
Services, % of GDP
72.4%
2024
59.1%
2022
Industry, % of GDP
17.1%
2024
7.37%
2022
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.64%
2024
24.3%
2022
GNI, Atlas method
$3.42T
2024
$1.28B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$61,460
2024
$4,140
2024
Total reserves including gold
$175B
2024
$615M
2024
Total reserves ranking
19/177
2024
152/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$42.8B
2024
-$9.21M
2022
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$13B
2024
$28.9M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$72.5B
2024
$2.79M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
2.04%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
18.6%
2017
15.9%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
19.1%
2024
38.3%
2022

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2011–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.