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Economy of Namibia vs United Kingdom compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Namibia has a GDP of $13.4B compared to $3.69T for the United Kingdom, ranking 147/197 and 6/197 by economy size, respectively.

Namibia has $9.05B in government debt (67.7% of GDP), compared to $3.73T (101.2% of GDP) in the United Kingdom.

Namibia vs United Kingdom GDP by year

Namibia
United Kingdom
1x
Year GDP, current $
Namibia United Kingdom
2024 $13,372,354,512 $3,686,033,044,482
2023 $12,408,271,449 $3,420,796,653,789
2022 $12,569,449,123 $3,181,244,350,465
2021 $12,402,486,184 $3,194,559,188,926
2020 $10,583,748,542 $2,724,001,478,305
2019 $12,541,928,303 $2,875,710,080,015
2018 $13,682,019,076 $2,897,028,009,916
2017 $12,895,153,371 $2,699,118,387,873
2016 $10,722,018,732 $2,706,807,606,539
2015 $11,335,161,084 $2,945,579,890,258
2014 $12,435,430,970 $3,085,362,169,410
2013 $12,043,307,277 $2,796,908,333,283
2012 $13,042,053,592 $2,719,715,961,540
2011 $12,523,359,441 $2,675,590,034,129
2010 $11,431,412,421 $2,496,740,681,057
2009 $8,938,847,189 $2,429,358,155,476
2008 $8,607,431,497 $2,945,251,838,235
2007 $8,839,536,476 $3,104,699,879,952
2006 $8,001,779,551 $2,719,558,417,663
2005 $7,248,374,838 $2,551,361,818,182
2004 $6,609,205,995 $2,429,774,807,763
2003 $4,926,439,384 $2,061,227,755,102
2002 $3,349,169,826 $1,790,536,570,743
2001 $3,557,341,215 $1,656,171,009,069
2000 $3,922,232,165 $1,671,597,821,153
1999 $3,868,551,730 $1,693,458,987,219
1998 $3,873,109,866 $1,660,821,464,061
1997 $4,154,989,950 $1,569,317,288,802
1996 $3,989,163,197 $1,425,287,051,482
1995 $3,978,514,206 $1,349,094,208,616
1994 $3,666,503,530 $1,140,489,745,944
1993 $3,251,188,833 $1,061,388,722,256
1992 $3,429,521,699 $1,179,659,529,660
1991 $2,996,869,281 $1,142,797,178,131
1990 $2,789,921,854 $1,093,169,389,205
1989 $2,535,135,798 $926,884,816,754
1988 $2,495,094,746 $910,122,732,124
1987 $2,300,068,217 $745,162,608,269
1986 $1,809,048,527 $601,452,653,181
1985 $1,608,237,350 $489,285,164,271
1984 $1,951,260,038 $461,487,097,632
1983 $2,297,400,688 $489,618,008,186
1982 $2,118,710,248 $515,048,916,841
1981 $2,249,908,578 $540,765,675,241
1980 $2,421,990,338 $564,947,710,899
1979 - $438,994,070,309
1978 - $335,883,029,722
1977 - $263,066,457,352
1976 - $232,614,555,256
1975 - $241,756,637,168
1974 - $206,131,369,799
1973 - $192,537,971,583
1972 - $169,965,034,965
1971 - $148,113,896,325
1970 - $130,671,946,244
1969 - $116,464,702,803
1968 - $107,759,910,068
1967 - $113,116,888,211
1966 - $108,572,752,102
1965 - $101,824,755,079
1964 - $94,407,558,351
1963 - $86,561,961,812
1962 - $81,247,564,157
1961 - $77,741,965,703
1960 - $73,233,967,692

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/namibia/united-kingdom | CC BY

GDP per capita in Namibia vs United Kingdom by year

Namibia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
United Kingdom
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Namibia United Kingdom
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $4,413 $11,687 $53,246 $62,009
2023 $4,188 $11,251 $49,944 $59,911
2022 $4,350 $10,663 $47,057 $59,022
2021 $4,413 $9,709 $47,691 $51,004
2020 $3,879 $9,354 $40,813 $48,230
2019 $4,732 $9,609 $43,159 $50,065
2018 $5,309 $9,854 $43,703 $47,212
2017 $5,144 $9,888 $40,917 $46,113
2016 $4,396 $10,200 $41,258 $44,085
2015 $4,774 $10,466 $45,255 $42,515
2014 $5,378 $10,365 $47,746 $41,267
2013 $5,347 $9,699 $43,607 $39,948
2012 $5,943 $9,364 $42,688 $38,337
2011 $5,835 $9,002 $42,296 $37,224
2010 $5,418 $8,538 $39,778 $36,484
2009 $4,303 $8,079 $39,009 $35,042
2008 $4,205 $8,125 $47,652 $36,745
2007 $4,379 $7,875 $50,629 $35,522
2006 $4,017 $7,374 $44,695 $34,727
2005 $3,686 $6,767 $42,240 $32,726
2004 $3,403 $6,480 $40,504 $32,051
2003 $2,569 $5,693 $34,557 $30,314
2002 $1,772 $5,433 $30,159 $29,089
2001 $1,916 $5,196 $28,014 $27,913
2000 $2,157 $5,129 $28,384 $26,536
1999 $2,178 $4,961 $28,858 $24,494
1998 $2,235 $4,852 $28,396 $23,689
1997 $2,460 $4,764 $26,910 $23,071
1996 $2,423 $4,612 $24,503 $21,947
1995 $2,483 $4,509 $23,253 $20,595
1994 $2,356 $4,376 $19,709 $19,605
1993 $2,155 $4,345 $18,389 $18,336
1992 $2,347 $4,452 $20,487 $17,349
1991 $2,117 $4,192 $19,901 $16,791
1990 $2,037 $3,875 $19,095 $16,505
1989 $1,967 - $16,239 -
1988 $2,063 - $15,987 -
1987 $1,969 - $13,119 -
1986 $1,599 - $10,611 -
1985 $1,466 - $8,652 -
1984 $1,830 - $8,179 -
1983 $2,214 - $8,692 -
1982 $2,097 - $9,146 -
1981 $2,267 - $9,599 -
1980 $2,468 - $10,032 -
1979 - - $7,805 -
1978 - - $5,977 -
1977 - - $4,681 -
1976 - - $4,138 -
1975 - - $4,300 -
1974 - - $3,666 -
1973 - - $3,426 -
1972 - - $3,030 -
1971 - - $2,650 -
1970 - - $2,348 -
1969 - - $2,101 -
1968 - - $1,952 -
1967 - - $2,059 -
1966 - - $1,987 -
1965 - - $1,874 -
1964 - - $1,748 -
1963 - - $1,613 -
1962 - - $1,526 -
1961 - - $1,472 -
1960 - - $1,398 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/namibia/united-kingdom | CC BY

Namibia's GDP per capita is $4,413, ranking 126/197, compared to $53,246 in the United Kingdom, ranking 22/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Namibia ranks 128th at $11,687, while the United Kingdom ranks 32nd at $62,009.

Economic indicators

Namibia United Kingdom
Gross domestic product
$13.4B
2024
$3.69T
2024
GDP rank
147/197
2024
6/197
2024
GDP growth
3.71%
2023-2024
1.13%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$4,413
2024
$53,246
2024
GDP per capita rank
126/197
2024
22/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$11,687
2024
$62,009
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
128/197
2024
32/197
2024
Government debt
$9.05B
2024
$3.73T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
67.7%
2024
101.2%
2024
Government debt per person
$2,988
2024
$53,900
2024
Government debt per person rank
100/185
2024
7/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,197
2026
$39,230
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$2.48B
2024
$3.1T
2022
Number of millionaires n/a
2,624,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
55
2025
Income share by richest 10%
47.2%
2015
24.6%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
1%
2015
3%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
39.9%
2024
44%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.2%
2023-2024
3.27%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
6.5%
2025
3.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
19.9%
2018
4.36%
2024
Population
3173089
70154914

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Namibia
Spending

Debt
United Kingdom
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Namibia United Kingdom
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 39.9% 67.7% 44% 101.2%
2023 37% 67.2% 44.8% 100.4%
2022 36.6% 69.4% 44.1% 99.6%
2021 39.3% 69.6% 45.8% 105.1%
2020 41.5% 64.3% 50% 105.8%
2019 37.4% 57.6% 38.8% 85.7%
2018 36.3% 48.7% 38.9% 86.3%
2017 38.1% 43.8% 39.2% 86.7%
2016 41.8% 45.8% 39.6% 87.8%
2015 43.7% 42.1% 40.4% 87.9%
2014 41.8% 27.6% 41.2% 87.1%
2013 38.3% 26.1% 41.8% 85.3%
2012 35% 24.6% 43.6% 84.5%
2011 38.5% 27.4% 43.5% 81.4%
2010 33.5% 16.3% 44.7% 75.9%
2009 32% 15.9% 44.6% 64.9%
2008 28.4% 19.1% 41% 50.8%
2007 26.1% 19.4% 38.7% 43.2%
2006 27.4% 26.1% 38.4% 42.1%
2005 27.7% 26.9% 38.4% 41%
2004 28.4% 29.2% 38% 39.8%
2003 31.1% 27.1% 37.2% 36.8%
2002 29.8% 22.2% 35.9% 35.4%
2001 30.7% 24.4% 34.7% 35%
2000 30.1% 20.9% 33.9% 37.7%
1999 31.8% 21.8% 33.9% 40.4%
1998 31.3% 19.6% 34.5% 42%
1997 30.9% 17.7% 34.9% 44.1%
1996 30.4% 18.7% 35.7% 43.7%
1995 29.6% 18% 37.6% 43.7%
1994 28.7% 16.4% 37.5% 40.7%
1993 32.4% 17.2% 37.8% 38%
1992 32.8% 14.1% 37.8% 33.2%
1991 33% 11.8% 35.9% 28.5%
1990 30.2% 12.9% 35% 28.5%
1989 - - 39.7% 31.4%
1988 - - 40.3% 36.6%
1987 - - 42.7% 41.8%
1986 - - 44.6% 42.9%
1985 - - 48.7% 42.9%
1984 - - 50.3% 44.1%
1983 - - 50.4% 44.2%
1982 - - 50.8% 44.7%
1981 - - 51.2% 41.1%
1980 - - 47.6% 43.7%
1979 - - 45.1% 44.5%
1978 - - 46.2% 47.3%
1977 - - 46.8% 53.7%
1976 - - 49.2% 47.7%
1975 - - 49.1% 49.6%
1974 - - 47.8% 56.2%
1973 - - 43.5% 58.5%
1972 - - 42.3% 65%
1971 - - 41.2% 67.9%
1970 - - 42% 73.4%
1969 - - 39.2% 82.8%
1968 - - 40.3% 88.5%
1967 - - 40.1% 89.1%
1966 - - 35.7% 91.9%
1965 - - 34.6% 94.6%
1964 - - 32.8% 101.1%
1963 - - 37.4% 108.6%
1962 - - 33.8% 110.5%
1961 - - 31.5% 113.8%
1960 - - 33.1% 117.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/namibia/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2024, Namibia's government spending was $5.34B, accounting for 39.9% of its GDP, while the United Kingdom spent $1.62T, or 44% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 67.7% in Namibia and 101.2% in the United Kingdom, ranking 61/185 and 22/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Namibia

United Kingdom
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Namibia United Kingdom
2024 -3.59% -5.75%
2023 -3.14% -6.05%
2022 -6.33% -4.56%
2021 -8.68% -7.72%
2020 -8.07% -13.2%
2019 -5.49% -2.47%
2018 -5.09% -2.27%
2017 -4.99% -2.49%
2016 -9.3% -3.31%
2015 -8.3% -4.59%
2014 -6.44% -5.53%
2013 -4.69% -5.34%
2012 -3.1% -7.45%
2011 -7.09% -7.38%
2010 -4.98% -9.22%
2009 -0.4% -10.1%
2008 3.48% -5.09%
2007 6.01% -2.65%
2006 3.41% -2.76%
2005 -0.31% -3.15%
2004 -2.67% -3.16%
2003 -4.47% -3.22%
2002 -1.38% -1.96%
2001 -2.01% 0.34%
2000 -0.79% 1.4%
1999 -1.88% 0.76%
1998 -2.76% -0.21%
1997 -2.38% -2.01%
1996 -3.7% -3.65%
1995 -1.74% -4.99%
1994 -0.57% -5.74%
1993 -2.73% -6.62%
1992 -2.55% -5.41%
1991 -1.59% -2.77%
1990 1.08% -1.54%
1989 - 0.77%
1988 - 0.46%
1987 - -1.79%
1986 - -2.56%
1985 - -5.57%
1984 - -6.39%
1983 - -6.26%
1982 - -5.66%
1981 - -7.03%
1980 - -5.65%
1979 - -5.79%
1978 - -6.63%
1977 - -4.41%
1976 - -5.61%
1975 - -5.08%
1974 - -4.06%
1973 - -4.29%
1972 - -1.66%
1971 - 1.48%
1970 - 2.61%
1969 - 1.03%
1968 - -2.3%
1967 - -4.57%
1966 - -1.59%
1965 - -2.06%
1964 - -1.76%
1963 - -5.47%
1962 - -0.49%
1961 - 0.56%
1960 - -2.75%
1959 - -0.58%
1958 - -1.73%
1957 - -1.04%
1956 - 0.55%
1955 - -0.39%
1954 - -1.65%
1953 - -2.84%
1952 - -1.26%
1951 - 2.03%
1950 - 0.34%
1949 - 3.01%
1948 - -0.39%
1947 - -15.8%
1946 - -22.5%
1945 - -30.9%
1944 - -29.7%
1943 - -33.3%
1942 - -31.6%
1941 - -32%
1940 - -12.1%
1939 - -2.99%
1938 - 0%
1937 - 0.82%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 0.37%
1934 - 0.48%
1933 - 0.99%
1932 - -0.15%
1931 - 0.8%
1930 - 1.01%
1929 - 0.75%
1928 - 1.75%
1927 - 1.62%
1926 - 0.6%
1925 - 0.84%
1924 - 1.19%
1923 - 2.23%
1922 - 2.45%
1921 - 1.15%
1920 - 4.2%
1919 - -6.28%
1918 - -34.4%
1917 - -48.8%
1916 - -50.6%
1915 - -30%
1914 - -14.6%
1913 - 0.25%
1912 - 0.22%
1911 - 0.51%
1910 - 1.75%
1909 - -1.25%
1908 - 0.34%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.58%
1905 - 0.36%
1904 - 0.2%
1903 - -0.22%
1902 - -1.77%
1901 - -2.74%
1900 - -2.96%
1899 - -0.79%
1898 - 0.01%
1897 - 0.25%
1896 - 0.17%
1895 - 0.3%
1894 - 0.06%
1893 - -0.007%
1892 - 0.14%
1891 - 0.19%
1890 - 0.23%
1889 - 0.3%
1888 - 0.27%
1887 - 0.25%
1886 - 0.07%
1885 - -0.21%
1884 - -0.04%
1883 - 0.06%
1882 - 0.02%
1881 - 0.06%
1880 - 0.1%
1879 - -0.86%
1878 - -0.18%
1877 - -0.18%
1876 - 0.09%
1875 - 0%
1874 - 0.09%
1873 - 0%
1872 - 0.55%
1871 - 0.29%
1870 - 0%
1869 - 0.77%
1868 - -0.45%
1867 - -0.45%
1866 - 0.11%
1865 - 0%
1864 - 0.24%
1863 - 0%
1862 - -0.13%
1861 - -0.4%
1860 - -0.43%
1859 - 0%
1858 - -0.15%
1857 - -0.15%
1856 - -0.6%
1855 - -3.57%
1854 - -3.39%
1853 - 0.5%
1852 - 0.35%
1851 - 0.35%
1850 - 0.37%
1849 - 0.34%
1848 - -0.17%
1847 - -6.13%
1846 - 0.52%
1845 - 0.56%
1844 - 0.59%
1843 - 0.44%
1842 - -0.87%
1841 - -0.42%
1840 - -0.2%
1839 - -0.18%
1838 - -0.19%
1837 - -0.21%
1836 - 0.59%
1835 - 0.42%
1834 - 0.23%
1833 - 0.24%
1832 - 0%
1831 - 0%
1830 - 0.45%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/namibia/united-kingdom | CC BY

In 2024, Namibia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $480M, equivalent to 3.59% of GDP. This compares to the United Kingdom's deficit of $212B, or 5.75% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Namibia recorded a fiscal deficit in 31 of those years, while the United Kingdom ran a deficit in 32 years. On average, Namibia posted an annual deficit equal to 3.06% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.28% of GDP for the United Kingdom.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Namibia

United Kingdom
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Namibia United Kingdom
2024 4.2% 3.27%
2023 5.9% 6.79%
2022 6.1% 7.92%
2021 3.6% 2.52%
2020 2.2% 0.99%
2019 3.7% 1.74%
2018 4.3% 2.29%
2017 6.1% 2.56%
2016 6.7% 1.01%
2015 3.4% 0.37%
2014 5.3% 1.45%
2013 5.6% 2.29%
2012 6.7% 2.57%
2011 5% 3.86%
2010 4.9% 2.49%
2009 9.5% 1.96%
2008 9.1% 3.52%
2007 6.5% 2.39%
2006 5% 2.46%
2005 2.3% 2.09%
2004 4.1% 1.39%
2003 7.2% 1.38%
2002 12.7% 1.52%
2001 10.2% 1.53%
2000 10.2% 1.18%
1999 9.4% 1.75%
1998 6.6% 1.82%
1997 9.7% 2.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/namibia/united-kingdom | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Namibia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.29%, compared with 2.4% in the United Kingdom. In 2024, inflation was 4.2% in Namibia and 3.27% in the United Kingdom.

Top exports between countries

Namibia
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $23.9M
Wood & paper products $22.9M
Machinery & equipment $7.18M
Animal & marine products $5.79M
Metals $4.85M
Raw materials & minerals $788K
Miscellaneous $232K
Chemicals & pharma $148K
Textiles & consumer goods $120K
Precious metals & jewellery $53K
United Kingdom
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $85.6M
Metals $8.45M
Raw materials & minerals $6.74M
Chemicals & pharma $5.72M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.45M
Miscellaneous $1.37M
Textiles & consumer goods $876K
Wood & paper products $514K
Raw agricultural goods $252K
Animal & marine products $139K

Balance of trade

Namibia United Kingdom
Current account balance
-$1.89M
2024
-$80.6B
2024
Current account balance ranking
78/190
2024
189/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.01%
2024
-2.19%
2024
Goods imports
$6.77B
2024
$763B
2024
Goods exports
$4.67B
2024
$494B
2024
Service imports
$2.47B
2024
$411B
2024
Service exports
$1.29B
2024
$648B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
68%
2024
31.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
41.6%
2024
31%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Namibia United Kingdom
Economic freedom 60.2 70.4
Economic freedom ranking 95/197 35/197
Property rights 63.1 93.6
Government integrity 51.5 83
Judicial effectiveness 67.2 83.1
Tax burden 66.4 61.7
Government spending 57.1 41.1
Fiscal health 60.5 32.4
Business freedom 58 83.6
Labor freedom 62.7 61.2
Monetary freedom 76.1 71.9
Trade freedom 69.8 82.8
Investment freedom 50 70
Financial freedom 40 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Namibia
United Kingdom
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Namibia United Kingdom
2026 60.2 70.4
2025 58.7 69.3
2024 57.5 68.6
2023 57.7 69.9
2022 59.2 72.7
2021 62.6 78.4
2020 60.9 79.3
2019 58.7 78.9
2018 58.5 78
2017 62.5 76.4
2016 61.9 76.4
2015 59.6 75.8
2014 59.4 74.9
2013 60.3 74.8
2012 61.9 74.1
2011 62.7 74.5
2010 62.2 76.5
2009 62.4 79
2008 61.4 79.4
2007 63.5 79.9
2006 60.7 80.4
2005 61.4 79.2
2004 62.4 77.7
2003 67.3 77.5
2002 65.1 78.5
2001 64.8 77.6
2000 66.7 77.3
1999 66.1 76.2
1998 66.1 76.5
1997 61.6 76.4
1996 - 76.4
1995 - 77.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/namibia/united-kingdom | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Namibia is 60.2, ranking 95/197, compared to 70.4 for the United Kingdom, ranking 35/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Namibia United Kingdom
Services, % of GDP
54.5%
2024
72.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
28.9%
2024
17.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
7.29%
2024
0.64%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$12.8B
2024
$3.42T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$11,300
2024
$61,460
2024
Total reserves including gold
$3.36B
2024
$175B
2024
Total reserves ranking
115/177
2024
19/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.93M
2024
$42.8B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$1.97B
2024
-$13B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$44.5M
2024
-$72.5B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
17.4%
2015
18.6%
2017
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
25.6%
2024
19.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/namibia/united-kingdom | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1830–1992, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.