Fertility & birth rates in China and Sao Tome and Principe

Fertility rate in China vs Sao Tome and Principe by year

Chart Table

China

Sao Tome and Principe

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	China	Sao Tome
2023	1	3.64
2022	1.03	3.7
2021	1.12	3.76
2020	1.24	3.83
2019	1.5	3.9
2018	1.54	3.98
2017	1.8	4.07
2016	1.77	4.2
2015	1.67	4.35
2014	1.77	4.49
2013	1.71	4.58
2012	1.8	4.66
2011	1.67	4.72
2010	1.69	4.77
2009	1.71	4.84
2008	1.7	4.91
2007	1.67	4.96
2006	1.64	4.93
2005	1.62	4.94
2004	1.61	4.96
2003	1.57	5.01
2002	1.57	5.06
2001	1.56	5.1
2000	1.63	5.16
1999	1.53	5.23
1998	1.52	5.3
1997	1.53	5.4
1996	1.55	5.47
1995	1.59	5.55
1994	1.63	5.56
1993	1.69	5.64
1992	1.78	5.7
1991	1.93	5.77
1990	2.51	5.83
1989	2.52	5.88
1988	2.54	5.94
1987	2.76	5.99
1986	2.72	6.05
1985	2.63	6.1
1984	2.61	6.16
1983	2.56	6.22
1982	2.97	6.28
1981	2.79	6.33
1980	2.74	6.39
1979	2.75	6.43
1978	2.72	6.47
1977	2.84	6.5
1976	3.24	6.52
1975	3.57	6.53
1974	4.17	6.53
1973	4.73	6.53
1972	5.11	6.51
1971	5.52	6.49
1970	6.09	6.47
1969	6.18	6.44
1968	6.51	6.42
1967	5.81	6.39
1966	6.31	6.37
1965	6.61	6.35
1964	6.67	6.33
1963	7.51	6.31
1962	6.09	6.28
1961	3.86	6.26
1960	4.45	6.24

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in China was 1 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.64 in Sao Tome and Principe in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check China vs Sao Tome and Principe population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

China

Sao Tome and Principe

1x

Year	Natural population change
	China	Sao Tome
2023	-2,087,851	5,221
2022	-847,305	5,102
2021	480,203	4,954
2020	2,046,095	4,874
2019	4,673,713	4,932
2018	5,302,433	4,957
2017	7,790,880	5,007
2016	9,062,269	5,125
2015	6,788,911	5,269
2014	9,205,180	5,381
2013	8,043,116	5,449
2012	10,075,174	5,501
2011	8,245,065	5,445
2010	6,407,607	5,391
2009	6,483,236	5,349
2008	6,729,247	5,297
2007	6,813,465	5,226
2006	6,922,185	5,057
2005	7,678,911	4,897
2004	7,607,960	4,810
2003	7,743,284	4,702
2002	8,258,580	4,591
2001	8,839,358	4,471
2000	9,570,849	4,334
1999	10,247,372	4,221
1998	11,351,286	4,120
1997	12,374,554	4,041
1996	12,686,872	3,993
1995	12,711,220	3,948
1994	13,360,470	3,860
1993	13,493,138	3,841
1992	13,548,601	3,822
1991	14,937,124	3,801
1990	16,335,313	3,719
1989	16,824,495	3,576
1988	17,328,640	3,544
1987	18,005,821	3,440
1986	16,609,920	3,180
1985	14,987,830	3,242
1984	13,561,671	3,163
1983	13,599,789	3,100
1982	15,815,318	3,047
1981	14,461,027	3,015
1980	11,647,260	2,965
1979	11,250,148	2,893
1978	11,473,980	2,800
1977	11,378,068	2,705
1976	11,782,472	2,608
1975	14,378,237	2,515
1974	15,738,118	2,422
1973	18,423,727	2,329
1972	19,102,585	2,232
1971	19,622,980	2,127
1970	21,137,076	1,980
1969	20,760,332	1,862
1968	21,206,083	1,767
1967	19,263,662	1,693
1966	19,282,187	1,642
1965	20,296,950	1,611
1964	19,302,532	1,600
1963	22,742,225	1,609
1962	17,969,132	1,625
1961	2,496,047	1,657
1960	-3,048,510	1,547

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.15% in China and +2.26% in Sao Tome and Principe.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +0.31% in China and +2.4% in Sao Tome and Principe.

Birth rate in China vs Sao Tome and Principe by year

Chart Table

China

Sao Tome and Principe

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	China	Sao Tome
2023	6.39	28.2
2022	6.77	28.3
2021	7.52	28.5
2020	8.52	28.6
2019	10.4	29.2
2018	10.9	29.8
2017	12.6	30.6
2016	13.6	31.7
2015	12	33
2014	13.8	34.3
2013	13	35.4
2012	14.6	36.4
2011	13.3	36.8
2010	11.9	37.3
2009	12	37.9
2008	12.1	38.5
2007	12.1	38.9
2006	12.1	38.9
2005	12.4	39
2004	12.3	39.2
2003	12.4	39.6
2002	12.9	39.8
2001	13.4	40
2000	14	39.7
1999	14.6	39.4
1998	15.6	39.2
1997	16.6	39.2
1996	17	39.3
1995	17.1	39.5
1994	17.7	39.4
1993	18.1	39.8
1992	18.3	40.2
1991	19.7	40.7
1990	21.1	40.7
1989	21.6	40.9
1988	22.4	40.9
1987	23.3	41
1986	22.4	41
1985	21	41
1984	19.9	41.1
1983	20.2	41.2
1982	22.3	41.3
1981	20.9	41.5
1980	18.2	41.6
1979	17.8	41.6
1978	18.3	41.4
1977	18.9	41.3
1976	19.9	41.1
1975	23	40.9
1974	24.8	40.6
1973	27.9	40.3
1972	29.8	39.9
1971	30.7	39.5
1970	33.4	38.8
1969	34.1	38.2
1968	35.6	37.8
1967	34	37.7
1966	35.1	38
1965	37.9	38.6
1964	39.1	39.7
1963	43.4	41.1
1962	37	42.7
1961	18	44.6
1960	20.9	44.6

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 6.39 in China and 28.2 in Sao Tome and Principe, compared with 20.9 and 44.6, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

China

Factual

UN forecast

Sao Tome and Principe

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	China	Sao Tome
2100	7.83%	19.5%
2099	7.84%	19.6%
2098	7.87%	19.8%
2097	7.91%	19.9%
2096	7.96%	20%
2095	8.03%	20.2%
2094	8.1%	20.3%
2093	8.18%	20.4%
2092	8.26%	20.6%
2091	8.34%	20.7%
2090	8.41%	20.9%
2089	8.47%	21.1%
2088	8.52%	21.2%
2087	8.55%	21.4%
2086	8.57%	21.6%
2085	8.57%	21.8%
2084	8.56%	22%
2083	8.53%	22.2%
2082	8.48%	22.4%
2081	8.41%	22.6%
2080	8.34%	22.9%
2079	8.25%	23.1%
2078	8.15%	23.3%
2077	8.06%	23.5%
2076	7.96%	23.7%
2075	7.86%	24%
2074	7.77%	24.2%
2073	7.7%	24.4%
2072	7.64%	24.6%
2071	7.6%	24.8%
2070	7.58%	25%
2069	7.59%	25.2%
2068	7.63%	25.4%
2067	7.7%	25.6%
2066	7.8%	25.9%
2065	7.93%	26.1%
2064	8.08%	26.3%
2063	8.25%	26.5%
2062	8.44%	26.8%
2061	8.64%	27%
2060	8.84%	27.3%
2059	9.03%	27.5%
2058	9.22%	27.8%
2057	9.39%	28.1%
2056	9.54%	28.4%
2055	9.67%	28.7%
2054	9.78%	29%
2053	9.86%	29.4%
2052	9.92%	29.7%
2051	9.94%	30.1%
2050	9.94%	30.4%
2049	9.92%	30.8%
2048	9.88%	31.1%
2047	9.82%	31.5%
2046	9.75%	31.8%
2045	9.67%	32.1%
2044	9.59%	32.5%
2043	9.52%	32.8%
2042	9.46%	33.1%
2041	9.4%	33.4%
2040	9.35%	33.6%
2039	9.32%	33.9%
2038	9.3%	34.1%
2037	9.32%	34.4%
2036	9.42%	34.6%
2035	9.63%	34.7%
2034	10%	34.9%
2033	10.5%	35.1%
2032	11.2%	35.3%
2031	11.8%	35.5%
2030	12.4%	35.8%
2029	13.1%	36.1%
2028	13.8%	36.6%
2027	14.5%	37%
2026	15.1%	37.3%
2025	15.7%	37.6%
2024	16%	37.8%
2023	16.6%	38.3%
2022	17.1%	38.8%
2021	17.6%	39.4%
2020	18%	39.9%
2019	18.2%	40.5%
2018	18.3%	40.9%
2017	18.4%	41.4%
2016	18.3%	41.7%
2015	18.3%	41.9%
2014	18.3%	42%
2013	18.3%	42%
2012	18.3%	42%
2011	18.3%	42%
2010	18.5%	42.1%
2009	18.6%	42.1%
2008	18.9%	42.1%
2007	19.2%	42%
2006	19.6%	42%
2005	20.3%	42%
2004	21.2%	42.1%
2003	22%	42.2%
2002	22.9%	42.3%
2001	23.8%	42.5%
2000	24.5%	42.8%
1999	25.2%	43.4%
1998	25.7%	43.9%
1997	26.3%	44.3%
1996	27%	44.7%
1995	27.4%	44.9%
1994	27.8%	45.1%
1993	28.2%	45.2%
1992	28.4%	45.2%
1991	28.6%	45.1%
1990	28.8%	45.1%
1989	28.9%	45%
1988	29.3%	45%
1987	29.8%	44.9%
1986	30.4%	44.7%
1985	31.2%	44.5%
1984	32.2%	44.4%
1983	33.3%	44.5%
1982	34.3%	44.5%
1981	35.1%	44.7%
1980	36.1%	44.9%
1979	37.2%	45.1%
1978	38.6%	45.2%
1977	39.8%	45.3%
1976	40.3%	45.4%
1975	40.2%	45.5%
1974	40.2%	45.6%
1973	40.1%	45.7%
1972	40.4%	45.9%
1971	40.7%	46.1%
1970	40.8%	46.2%
1969	41%	45.8%
1968	41%	44.9%
1967	41.3%	44%
1966	41.5%	42.9%
1965	41.5%	41.6%
1964	41.2%	40.2%
1963	40.6%	38.5%
1962	40%	36.6%
1961	40%	34.3%
1960	40.3%	32.9%

Children aged 0-14 make up 16% of the population in China and 37.8% in Sao Tome and Principe in 2024, compared to 28.8% and 45.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of China and Sao Tome and Principe compared.

Maternal mortality chart: China vs Sao Tome and Principe

Chart Table

China

Sao Tome and Principe

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	China	Sao Tome
2023	16	75
2022	18	82
2021	21	98
2020	20	92
2019	21	95
2018	22	100
2017	24	110
2016	25	119
2015	26	128
2014	28	138
2013	30	150
2012	32	158
2011	33	164
2010	34	170
2009	35	172
2008	38	174
2007	38	174
2006	40	177
2005	42	181
2004	45	177
2003	47	178
2002	50	179
2001	52	178
2000	56	180
1999	58	179
1998	60	175
1997	63	173
1996	67	171
1995	71	172
1994	76	168
1993	80	166
1992	86	164
1991	92	166
1990	102	164
1989	104	167
1988	108	157
1987	114	161
1986	120	175
1985	125	159

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 16 deaths per 100,000 live births in China, compared to 75 deaths in Sao Tome and Principe.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

China

Sao Tome and Principe

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	China	Sao Tome
2023	0.62%	1.39%
2022	0.66%	1.46%
2021	0.7%	1.53%
2020	0.75%	1.6%
2019	0.8%	1.7%
2018	0.86%	1.81%
2017	0.92%	1.95%
2016	0.99%	2.11%
2015	1.07%	2.31%
2014	1.15%	2.54%
2013	1.25%	2.77%
2012	1.35%	3.04%
2011	1.46%	3.33%
2010	1.58%	3.63%
2009	1.71%	3.95%
2008	1.85%	4.3%
2007	2.01%	4.68%
2006	2.19%	5.11%
2005	2.4%	5.56%
2004	2.64%	6.05%
2003	2.89%	6.57%
2002	3.15%	7.1%
2001	3.42%	7.66%
2000	3.67%	8.21%
1999	3.91%	8.76%
1998	4.14%	9.26%
1997	4.36%	9.73%
1996	4.56%	10.1%
1995	4.75%	10.4%
1994	4.93%	10.7%
1993	5.08%	10.8%
1992	5.22%	10.9%
1991	5.31%	10.9%
1990	5.37%	10.8%
1989	5.39%	10.7%
1988	5.4%	10.6%
1987	5.4%	10.4%
1986	5.4%	11.4%
1985	5.43%	9.99%
1984	5.5%	9.77%
1983	5.61%	9.56%
1982	5.78%	9.37%
1981	6%	9.21%
1980	6.28%	9.1%
1979	6.62%	9.02%
1978	7.01%	8.96%
1977	7.47%	8.93%
1976	7.97%	8.89%
1975	8.5%	8.85%
1974	9.05%	8.79%
1973	9.61%	8.73%
1972	10.2%	8.67%
1971	10.7%	8.63%
1970	11.3%	8.64%
1969	11.9%	8.71%
1968	-	8.85%
1967	-	9.04%
1966	-	9.29%
1965	-	9.56%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.62% in China and 1.39% in Sao Tome and Principe. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.