Fertility & birth rates in China and Sao Tome and Principe

Fertility rate in China vs Sao Tome and Principe chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in China was 1 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.64 in Sao Tome and Principe in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check China vs Sao Tome and Principe population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	China	Sao Tome
1960	4.45	6.24
1961	3.86	6.26
1962	6.09	6.28
1963	7.51	6.31
1964	6.67	6.33
1965	6.61	6.35
1966	6.31	6.37
1967	5.81	6.39
1968	6.51	6.42
1969	6.18	6.44
1970	6.09	6.47
1971	5.52	6.49
1972	5.11	6.51
1973	4.73	6.53
1974	4.17	6.53
1975	3.57	6.53
1976	3.24	6.52
1977	2.84	6.5
1978	2.72	6.47
1979	2.75	6.43
1980	2.74	6.39
1981	2.79	6.33
1982	2.97	6.28
1983	2.56	6.22
1984	2.61	6.16
1985	2.63	6.1
1986	2.72	6.05
1987	2.76	5.99
1988	2.54	5.94
1989	2.52	5.88
1990	2.51	5.83
1991	1.93	5.77
1992	1.78	5.7
1993	1.69	5.64
1994	1.63	5.56
1995	1.59	5.55
1996	1.55	5.47
1997	1.53	5.4
1998	1.52	5.3
1999	1.53	5.23
2000	1.63	5.16
2001	1.56	5.1
2002	1.57	5.06
2003	1.57	5.01
2004	1.61	4.96
2005	1.62	4.94
2006	1.64	4.93
2007	1.67	4.96
2008	1.7	4.91
2009	1.71	4.84
2010	1.69	4.77
2011	1.67	4.72
2012	1.8	4.66
2013	1.71	4.58
2014	1.77	4.49
2015	1.67	4.35
2016	1.77	4.2
2017	1.8	4.07
2018	1.54	3.98
2019	1.5	3.9
2020	1.24	3.83
2021	1.12	3.76
2022	1.03	3.7
2023	1	3.64
2024	1.01	3.6
2025	1.02	3.53
2026	1.03	3.47
2027	1.04	3.42
2028	1.05	3.36
2029	1.05	3.32
2030	1.06	3.26
2031	1.07	3.21
2032	1.08	3.17
2033	1.08	3.13
2034	1.09	3.09
2035	1.1	3.04
2036	1.1	3.01
2037	1.11	2.97
2038	1.12	2.94
2039	1.12	2.9
2040	1.13	2.87
2041	1.13	2.83
2042	1.14	2.8
2043	1.15	2.78
2044	1.15	2.75
2045	1.16	2.73
2046	1.16	2.7
2047	1.17	2.67
2048	1.17	2.64
2049	1.18	2.62
2050	1.18	2.59

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	China	Sao Tome
1960	40.3%	32.9%
1961	40%	34.3%
1962	40%	36.6%
1963	40.6%	38.5%
1964	41.2%	40.2%
1965	41.5%	41.6%
1966	41.5%	42.9%
1967	41.3%	44%
1968	41%	44.9%
1969	41%	45.8%
1970	40.8%	46.2%
1971	40.7%	46.1%
1972	40.4%	45.9%
1973	40.1%	45.7%
1974	40.2%	45.6%
1975	40.2%	45.5%
1976	40.3%	45.4%
1977	39.8%	45.3%
1978	38.6%	45.2%
1979	37.2%	45.1%
1980	36.1%	44.9%
1981	35.1%	44.7%
1982	34.3%	44.5%
1983	33.3%	44.5%
1984	32.2%	44.4%
1985	31.2%	44.5%
1986	30.4%	44.7%
1987	29.8%	44.9%
1988	29.3%	45%
1989	28.9%	45%
1990	28.8%	45.1%
1991	28.6%	45.1%
1992	28.4%	45.2%
1993	28.2%	45.2%
1994	27.8%	45.1%
1995	27.4%	44.9%
1996	27%	44.7%
1997	26.3%	44.3%
1998	25.7%	43.9%
1999	25.2%	43.4%
2000	24.5%	42.8%
2001	23.8%	42.5%
2002	22.9%	42.3%
2003	22%	42.2%
2004	21.2%	42.1%
2005	20.3%	42%
2006	19.6%	42%
2007	19.2%	42%
2008	18.9%	42.1%
2009	18.6%	42.1%
2010	18.5%	42.1%
2011	18.3%	42%
2012	18.3%	42%
2013	18.3%	42%
2014	18.3%	42%
2015	18.3%	41.9%
2016	18.3%	41.7%
2017	18.4%	41.4%
2018	18.3%	40.9%
2019	18.2%	40.5%
2020	18%	39.9%
2021	17.6%	39.4%
2022	17.1%	38.8%
2023	16.6%	38.3%
2024	16%	37.8%
2025	15.4%	37.5%
2026	14.8%	37.2%
2027	14.1%	36.8%
2028	13.5%	36.4%
2029	12.8%	36%
2030	12.1%	35.6%
2031	11.5%	35.4%
2032	10.8%	35.2%
2033	10.3%	35%
2034	9.83%	34.8%
2035	9.53%	34.7%
2036	9.37%	34.5%
2037	9.31%	34.2%
2038	9.31%	34%
2039	9.34%	33.8%
2040	9.38%	33.5%
2041	9.43%	33.2%
2042	9.49%	32.9%
2043	9.56%	32.6%
2044	9.63%	32.3%
2045	9.71%	32%
2046	9.78%	31.6%
2047	9.85%	31.3%
2048	9.9%	31%
2049	9.93%	30.6%
2050	9.94%	30.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 16% of the population in China and 37.8% in Sao Tome and Principe in 2024, compared to 28.8% and 45.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of China and Sao Tome and Principe compared.

Natural population change in China vs Sao Tome and Principe by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +0.31% in China and +2.4% in Sao Tome and Principe. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	China	Sao Tome
1960	-3,048,510	1,547
1961	2,496,047	1,657
1962	17,969,132	1,625
1963	22,742,225	1,609
1964	19,302,532	1,600
1965	20,296,950	1,611
1966	19,282,187	1,642
1967	19,263,662	1,693
1968	21,206,083	1,767
1969	20,760,332	1,862
1970	21,137,076	1,980
1971	19,622,980	2,127
1972	19,102,585	2,232
1973	18,423,727	2,329
1974	15,738,118	2,422
1975	14,378,237	2,515
1976	11,782,472	2,608
1977	11,378,068	2,705
1978	11,473,980	2,800
1979	11,250,148	2,893
1980	11,647,260	2,965
1981	14,461,027	3,015
1982	15,815,318	3,047
1983	13,599,789	3,100
1984	13,561,671	3,163
1985	14,987,830	3,242
1986	16,609,920	3,180
1987	18,005,821	3,440
1988	17,328,640	3,544
1989	16,824,495	3,576
1990	16,335,313	3,719
1991	14,937,124	3,801
1992	13,548,601	3,822
1993	13,493,138	3,841
1994	13,360,470	3,860
1995	12,711,220	3,948
1996	12,686,872	3,993
1997	12,374,554	4,041
1998	11,351,286	4,120
1999	10,247,372	4,221
2000	9,570,849	4,334
2001	8,839,358	4,471
2002	8,258,580	4,591
2003	7,743,284	4,702
2004	7,607,960	4,810
2005	7,678,911	4,897
2006	6,922,185	5,057
2007	6,813,465	5,226
2008	6,729,247	5,297
2009	6,483,236	5,349
2010	6,407,607	5,391
2011	8,245,065	5,445
2012	10,075,174	5,501
2013	8,043,116	5,449
2014	9,205,180	5,381
2015	6,788,911	5,269
2016	9,062,269	5,125
2017	7,790,880	5,007
2018	5,302,433	4,957
2019	4,673,713	4,932
2020	2,046,095	4,874
2021	480,203	4,954
2022	-847,305	5,102
2023	-2,087,851	5,221

Maternal mortality chart: China vs Sao Tome and Principe

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 16 deaths per 100,000 live births in China, compared to 75 deaths in Sao Tome and Principe.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	China	Sao Tome
1985	125	159
1986	120	175
1987	114	161
1988	108	157
1989	104	167
1990	102	164
1991	92	166
1992	86	164
1993	80	166
1994	76	168
1995	71	172
1996	67	171
1997	63	173
1998	60	175
1999	58	179
2000	56	180
2001	52	178
2002	50	179
2003	47	178
2004	45	177
2005	42	181
2006	40	177
2007	38	174
2008	38	174
2009	35	172
2010	34	170
2011	33	164
2012	32	158
2013	30	150
2014	28	138
2015	26	128
2016	25	119
2017	24	110
2018	22	100
2019	21	95
2020	20	92
2021	21	98
2022	18	82
2023	16	75

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.62% in China and 1.39% in Sao Tome and Principe. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	China	Sao Tome
1965	-	9.56%
1966	-	9.29%
1967	-	9.04%
1968	-	8.85%
1969	11.9%	8.71%
1970	11.3%	8.64%
1971	10.7%	8.63%
1972	10.2%	8.67%
1973	9.61%	8.73%
1974	9.05%	8.79%
1975	8.5%	8.85%
1976	7.97%	8.89%
1977	7.47%	8.93%
1978	7.01%	8.96%
1979	6.62%	9.02%
1980	6.28%	9.1%
1981	6%	9.21%
1982	5.78%	9.37%
1983	5.61%	9.56%
1984	5.5%	9.77%
1985	5.43%	9.99%
1986	5.4%	11.4%
1987	5.4%	10.4%
1988	5.4%	10.6%
1989	5.39%	10.7%
1990	5.37%	10.8%
1991	5.31%	10.9%
1992	5.22%	10.9%
1993	5.08%	10.8%
1994	4.93%	10.7%
1995	4.75%	10.4%
1996	4.56%	10.1%
1997	4.36%	9.73%
1998	4.14%	9.26%
1999	3.91%	8.76%
2000	3.67%	8.21%
2001	3.42%	7.66%
2002	3.15%	7.1%
2003	2.89%	6.57%
2004	2.64%	6.05%
2005	2.4%	5.56%
2006	2.19%	5.11%
2007	2.01%	4.68%
2008	1.85%	4.3%
2009	1.71%	3.95%
2010	1.58%	3.63%
2011	1.46%	3.33%
2012	1.35%	3.04%
2013	1.25%	2.77%
2014	1.15%	2.54%
2015	1.07%	2.31%
2016	0.99%	2.11%
2017	0.92%	1.95%
2018	0.86%	1.81%
2019	0.8%	1.7%
2020	0.75%	1.6%
2021	0.7%	1.53%
2022	0.66%	1.46%
2023	0.62%	1.39%