Fertility & birth rates in China and Russia

Fertility rate in China vs Russia by year

Chart Table

China

Russia

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	China	Russia
2023	1	1.41
2022	1.03	1.42
2021	1.12	1.51
2020	1.24	1.51
2019	1.5	1.5
2018	1.54	1.58
2017	1.8	1.62
2016	1.77	1.76
2015	1.67	1.78
2014	1.77	1.75
2013	1.71	1.71
2012	1.8	1.69
2011	1.67	1.58
2010	1.69	1.57
2009	1.71	1.54
2008	1.7	1.5
2007	1.67	1.42
2006	1.64	1.31
2005	1.62	1.29
2004	1.61	1.34
2003	1.57	1.32
2002	1.57	1.29
2001	1.56	1.22
2000	1.63	1.2
1999	1.53	1.16
1998	1.52	1.23
1997	1.53	1.22
1996	1.55	1.27
1995	1.59	1.34
1994	1.63	1.4
1993	1.69	1.39
1992	1.78	1.55
1991	1.93	1.73
1990	2.51	1.89
1989	2.52	2.01
1988	2.54	2.12
1987	2.76	2.22
1986	2.72	2.15
1985	2.63	2.05
1984	2.61	2.06
1983	2.56	2.11
1982	2.97	2.04
1981	2.79	1.91
1980	2.74	1.89
1979	2.75	1.9
1978	2.72	1.92
1977	2.84	1.95
1976	3.24	1.97
1975	3.57	1.98
1974	4.17	2
1973	4.73	2.01
1972	5.11	2.04
1971	5.52	2.03
1970	6.09	1.99
1969	6.18	1.97
1968	6.51	1.99
1967	5.81	2.04
1966	6.31	2.1
1965	6.61	2.13
1964	6.67	2.18
1963	7.51	2.27
1962	6.09	2.36
1961	3.86	2.45
1960	4.45	2.52

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in China was 1 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.41 in Russia in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check China vs Russia population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

China

Russia

1x

Year	Natural population change
	China	Russia
2023	-2,087,851	-503,392
2022	-847,305	-576,948
2021	480,203	-1,027,702
2020	2,046,095	-697,177
2019	4,673,713	-319,997
2018	5,302,433	-232,637
2017	7,790,880	-130,764
2016	9,062,269	0
2015	6,788,911	43,392
2014	9,205,180	28,848
2013	8,043,116	28,761
2012	10,075,174	0
2011	8,245,065	-128,716
2010	6,407,607	-242,844
2009	6,483,236	-257,014
2008	6,729,247	-356,856
2007	6,813,465	-471,257
2006	6,922,185	-686,638
2005	7,678,911	-846,761
2004	7,607,960	-792,370
2003	7,743,284	-896,822
2002	8,258,580	-944,492
2001	8,839,358	-963,445
2000	9,570,849	-967,540
1999	10,247,372	-927,453
1998	11,351,286	-694,053
1997	12,374,554	-769,159
1996	12,686,872	-785,248
1995	12,711,220	-845,742
1994	13,360,470	-920,129
1993	13,493,138	-757,140
1992	13,548,601	-222,808
1991	14,937,124	103,876
1990	16,335,313	325,533
1989	16,824,495	576,112
1988	17,328,640	778,343
1987	18,005,821	977,583
1986	16,609,920	985,279
1985	14,987,830	762,447
1984	13,561,671	756,548
1983	13,599,789	906,676
1982	15,815,318	830,855
1981	14,461,027	713,700
1980	11,647,260	681,149
1979	11,250,148	690,135
1978	11,473,980	812,766
1977	11,378,068	832,932
1976	11,782,472	852,237
1975	14,378,237	843,850
1974	15,738,118	883,186
1973	18,423,727	846,561
1972	19,102,585	872,050
1971	19,622,980	854,999
1970	21,137,076	785,554
1969	20,760,332	753,088
1968	21,206,083	787,621
1967	19,263,662	854,554
1966	19,282,187	989,279
1965	20,296,950	1,059,335
1964	19,302,532	1,233,520
1963	22,742,225	1,436,077
1962	17,969,132	1,573,701
1961	2,496,047	1,810,538
1960	-3,048,510	1,962,834

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.15% in China and -0.35% in Russia.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +0.31% in China and -0.24% in Russia.

Birth rate in China vs Russia by year

Chart Table

China

Russia

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	China	Russia
2023	6.39	8.6
2022	6.77	8.9
2021	7.52	9.6
2020	8.52	9.8
2019	10.4	10.1
2018	10.9	10.9
2017	12.6	11.5
2016	13.6	12.9
2015	12	13.3
2014	13.8	13.3
2013	13	13.2
2012	14.6	13.3
2011	13.3	12.6
2010	11.9	12.5
2009	12	12.3
2008	12.1	12
2007	12.1	11.3
2006	12.1	10.3
2005	12.4	10.2
2004	12.3	10.4
2003	12.4	10.2
2002	12.9	9.7
2001	13.4	9
2000	14	8.7
1999	14.6	8.3
1998	15.6	8.8
1997	16.6	8.6
1996	17	8.9
1995	17.1	9.3
1994	17.7	9.5
1993	18.1	9.4
1992	18.3	10.7
1991	19.7	12.1
1990	21.1	13.4
1989	21.6	14.6
1988	22.4	16
1987	23.3	17.2
1986	22.4	17.2
1985	21	16.6
1984	19.9	16.9
1983	20.2	17.5
1982	22.3	16.6
1981	20.9	16
1980	18.2	15.9
1979	17.8	15.8
1978	18.3	16.3
1977	18.9	16.3
1976	19.9	16.2
1975	23	16
1974	24.8	15.9
1973	27.9	15.4
1972	29.8	15.6
1971	30.7	15.3
1970	33.4	14.7
1969	34.1	14.3
1968	35.6	14.2
1967	34	14.6
1966	35.1	15.4
1965	37.9	15.9
1964	39.1	17.2
1963	43.4	19
1962	37	20.5
1961	18	22.5
1960	20.9	23.9

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 6.39 in China and 8.6 in Russia, compared with 20.9 and 23.9, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

China

Factual

UN forecast

Russia

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	China	Russia
2100	7.83%	14.2%
2099	7.84%	14.3%
2098	7.87%	14.3%
2097	7.91%	14.4%
2096	7.96%	14.5%
2095	8.03%	14.5%
2094	8.1%	14.6%
2093	8.18%	14.7%
2092	8.26%	14.8%
2091	8.34%	14.9%
2090	8.41%	15%
2089	8.47%	15.1%
2088	8.52%	15.2%
2087	8.55%	15.2%
2086	8.57%	15.2%
2085	8.57%	15.3%
2084	8.56%	15.3%
2083	8.53%	15.2%
2082	8.48%	15.2%
2081	8.41%	15.2%
2080	8.34%	15.1%
2079	8.25%	15%
2078	8.15%	14.9%
2077	8.06%	14.8%
2076	7.96%	14.7%
2075	7.86%	14.6%
2074	7.77%	14.5%
2073	7.7%	14.4%
2072	7.64%	14.3%
2071	7.6%	14.3%
2070	7.58%	14.3%
2069	7.59%	14.2%
2068	7.63%	14.3%
2067	7.7%	14.3%
2066	7.8%	14.4%
2065	7.93%	14.5%
2064	8.08%	14.6%
2063	8.25%	14.7%
2062	8.44%	14.9%
2061	8.64%	15.1%
2060	8.84%	15.2%
2059	9.03%	15.4%
2058	9.22%	15.5%
2057	9.39%	15.6%
2056	9.54%	15.7%
2055	9.67%	15.8%
2054	9.78%	15.8%
2053	9.86%	15.8%
2052	9.92%	15.8%
2051	9.94%	15.7%
2050	9.94%	15.6%
2049	9.92%	15.5%
2048	9.88%	15.3%
2047	9.82%	15.1%
2046	9.75%	14.9%
2045	9.67%	14.7%
2044	9.59%	14.5%
2043	9.52%	14.3%
2042	9.46%	14.1%
2041	9.4%	13.9%
2040	9.35%	13.8%
2039	9.32%	13.7%
2038	9.3%	13.6%
2037	9.32%	13.6%
2036	9.42%	13.6%
2035	9.63%	13.7%
2034	10%	13.9%
2033	10.5%	14.1%
2032	11.2%	14.4%
2031	11.8%	14.8%
2030	12.4%	15.3%
2029	13.1%	15.7%
2028	13.8%	16.1%
2027	14.5%	16.6%
2026	15.1%	16.9%
2025	15.7%	17.2%
2024	16%	17.3%
2023	16.6%	17.5%
2022	17.1%	17.7%
2021	17.6%	17.7%
2020	18%	17.7%
2019	18.2%	17.6%
2018	18.3%	17.6%
2017	18.4%	17.5%
2016	18.3%	17.2%
2015	18.3%	16.9%
2014	18.3%	16.5%
2013	18.3%	16.1%
2012	18.3%	15.7%
2011	18.3%	15.4%
2010	18.5%	15.2%
2009	18.6%	15%
2008	18.9%	14.9%
2007	19.2%	14.8%
2006	19.6%	14.9%
2005	20.3%	15.2%
2004	21.2%	15.6%
2003	22%	16%
2002	22.9%	16.6%
2001	23.8%	17.3%
2000	24.5%	18%
1999	25.2%	18.8%
1998	25.7%	19.5%
1997	26.3%	20.2%
1996	27%	20.7%
1995	27.4%	21.2%
1994	27.8%	21.6%
1993	28.2%	22%
1992	28.4%	22.4%
1991	28.6%	22.7%
1990	28.8%	22.9%
1989	28.9%	23%
1988	29.3%	23%
1987	29.8%	22.9%
1986	30.4%	22.8%
1985	31.2%	22.6%
1984	32.2%	22.4%
1983	33.3%	22.1%
1982	34.3%	21.9%
1981	35.1%	21.7%
1980	36.1%	21.7%
1979	37.2%	21.7%
1978	38.6%	21.8%
1977	39.8%	22.1%
1976	40.3%	22.5%
1975	40.2%	23%
1974	40.2%	23.6%
1973	40.1%	24.2%
1972	40.4%	24.8%
1971	40.7%	25.4%
1970	40.8%	26.1%
1969	41%	26.9%
1968	41%	27.6%
1967	41.3%	28.3%
1966	41.5%	28.9%
1965	41.5%	29.5%
1964	41.2%	30.2%
1963	40.6%	30.6%
1962	40%	30.8%
1961	40%	30.9%
1960	40.3%	30.5%

Children aged 0-14 make up 16% of the population in China and 17.3% in Russia in 2024, compared to 28.8% and 22.9% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of China and Russia compared.

Maternal mortality chart: China vs Russia

Chart Table

China

Russia

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	China	Russia
2023	16	9
2022	18	13
2021	21	21
2020	20	19
2019	21	12
2018	22	12
2017	24	12
2016	25	14
2015	26	15
2014	28	16
2013	30	16
2012	32	18
2011	33	19
2010	34	23
2009	35	24
2008	38	27
2007	38	29
2006	40	32
2005	42	38
2004	45	41
2003	47	45
2002	50	47
2001	52	48
2000	56	51
1999	58	53
1998	60	53
1997	63	59
1996	67	69
1995	71	82
1994	76	85
1993	80	76
1992	86	62
1991	92	57
1990	102	58
1989	104	61
1988	108	63
1987	114	65
1986	120	69
1985	125	81

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 16 deaths per 100,000 live births in China, compared to 9 deaths in Russia.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

China

Russia

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	China	Russia
2023	0.62%	0.45%
2022	0.66%	0.47%
2021	0.7%	0.51%
2020	0.75%	0.54%
2019	0.8%	0.58%
2018	0.86%	0.63%
2017	0.92%	0.69%
2016	0.99%	0.75%
2015	1.07%	0.82%
2014	1.15%	0.89%
2013	1.25%	0.95%
2012	1.35%	0.99%
2011	1.46%	1.02%
2010	1.58%	1.04%
2009	1.71%	1.07%
2008	1.85%	1.13%
2007	2.01%	1.2%
2006	2.19%	1.29%
2005	2.4%	1.39%
2004	2.64%	1.5%
2003	2.89%	1.61%
2002	3.15%	1.73%
2001	3.42%	1.84%
2000	3.67%	1.94%
1999	3.91%	2.02%
1998	4.14%	2.08%
1997	4.36%	2.13%
1996	4.56%	2.17%
1995	4.75%	2.2%
1994	4.93%	2.2%
1993	5.08%	2.19%
1992	5.22%	2.17%
1991	5.31%	2.16%
1990	5.37%	2.17%
1989	5.39%	2.2%
1988	5.4%	2.26%
1987	5.4%	2.34%
1986	5.4%	2.42%
1985	5.43%	2.5%
1984	5.5%	2.56%
1983	5.61%	2.62%
1982	5.78%	2.66%
1981	6%	2.7%
1980	6.28%	2.73%
1979	6.62%	2.75%
1978	7.01%	2.76%
1977	7.47%	2.76%
1976	7.97%	2.76%
1975	8.5%	2.76%
1974	9.05%	2.77%
1973	9.61%	2.78%
1972	10.2%	2.81%
1971	10.7%	2.84%
1970	11.3%	2.88%
1969	11.9%	2.94%
1968	-	3.02%
1967	-	3.11%
1966	-	3.23%
1965	-	3.38%
1964	-	3.55%
1963	-	3.76%
1962	-	3.99%
1961	-	4.26%
1960	-	4.55%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.62% in China and 0.45% in Russia. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.