Nepal birth & fertility rate charts by year

Fertility rate in Nepal by year

According to the latest birth rate data available, the fertility rate in Nepal was 1.98 in 2023 and has been below the replacement level of 2.1 children per woman since 2019. In 1993, the fertility rate was 5.04 — a 60.7% decline in 30 years.

Check population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart above shows the historical changes in fertility rate and ranking compared to other countries, where a lower rank number indicates a higher relative fertility rate.

Births, deaths, and natural population change by year

Over the past 10 years, the natural population change in Nepal (from births and deaths only, excluding migration) has been +1.37% annually. On average, 390,974 more people were born each year than died.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was 1.24% — 368,450 more people were born than died.

In 2023, Nepal ranks 47/196 for absolute natural population change and 85/196 for natural change rate, where a lower rank number indicates faster natural growth and a higher number indicates greater decline.

Birth rates by women's age

Above is a chart displaying birth rates in Nepal by maternal age. In 2026, of all live births, 17% will be to women under age 20, 66.2% to women ages 20-29, and 16.8% to women ages 30 and above. The respective shares in 1990 were 17.6%, 54.7%, and 27.7%.

Children 0-14 years as share of population by year

Chart Table

Nepal

Factual

UN forecast

World

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Children 0-14 as share of population
	Nepal	World
2100	13.8%	16.5%
2099	13.8%	16.6%
2098	13.8%	16.6%
2097	13.9%	16.7%
2096	13.9%	16.8%
2095	14%	16.8%
2094	14%	16.9%
2093	14.1%	17%
2092	14.1%	17%
2091	14.2%	17.1%
2090	14.2%	17.2%
2089	14.3%	17.2%
2088	14.3%	17.3%
2087	14.4%	17.4%
2086	14.5%	17.4%
2085	14.5%	17.5%
2084	14.6%	17.5%
2083	14.7%	17.6%
2082	14.8%	17.7%
2081	14.8%	17.7%
2080	14.9%	17.8%
2079	15%	17.8%
2078	15.1%	17.9%
2077	15.2%	17.9%
2076	15.3%	18%
2075	15.4%	18%
2074	15.5%	18.1%
2073	15.6%	18.2%
2072	15.7%	18.2%
2071	15.9%	18.3%
2070	16%	18.3%
2069	16.1%	18.4%
2068	16.3%	18.5%
2067	16.4%	18.6%
2066	16.6%	18.6%
2065	16.7%	18.7%
2064	16.9%	18.8%
2063	17.1%	18.9%
2062	17.2%	19.1%
2061	17.4%	19.2%
2060	17.6%	19.3%
2059	17.8%	19.4%
2058	17.9%	19.5%
2057	18.1%	19.6%
2056	18.3%	19.8%
2055	18.5%	19.9%
2054	18.7%	20%
2053	18.9%	20.1%
2052	19.2%	20.2%
2051	19.4%	20.3%
2050	19.6%	20.4%
2049	19.9%	20.5%
2048	20.1%	20.6%
2047	20.4%	20.7%
2046	20.7%	20.8%
2045	21%	20.9%
2044	21.3%	20.9%
2043	21.6%	21%
2042	21.9%	21.1%
2041	22.2%	21.2%
2040	22.5%	21.2%
2039	22.9%	21.3%
2038	23.2%	21.4%
2037	23.6%	21.5%
2036	23.9%	21.6%
2035	24.3%	21.8%
2034	24.6%	22%
2033	25%	22.2%
2032	25.4%	22.4%
2031	25.8%	22.7%
2030	26.2%	23%
2029	26.6%	23.3%
2028	27.1%	23.6%
2027	27.5%	23.9%
2026	27.9%	24.2%
2025	28.2%	24.6%
2024	28.4%	24.7%
2023	28.7%	25%
2022	28.9%	25.3%
2021	29.4%	25.6%
2020	30.1%	25.8%
2019	30.9%	26%
2018	31.6%	26.2%
2017	32.1%	26.4%
2016	32.5%	26.5%
2015	33%	26.6%
2014	33.6%	26.8%
2013	34.2%	26.9%
2012	34.7%	27%
2011	35.3%	27.1%
2010	36%	27.3%
2009	36.7%	27.5%
2008	37.5%	27.6%
2007	38.1%	27.9%
2006	38.7%	28.1%
2005	39.2%	28.5%
2004	39.6%	28.8%
2003	40%	29.2%
2002	40.4%	29.6%
2001	40.7%	30%
2000	40.9%	30.4%
1999	41.1%	30.8%
1998	41.3%	31.1%
1997	41.4%	31.5%
1996	41.5%	31.8%
1995	41.4%	32.1%
1994	41.4%	32.3%
1993	41.3%	32.5%
1992	41.4%	32.7%
1991	41.5%	32.9%
1990	41.5%	33%
1989	41.5%	33.2%
1988	41.4%	33.4%
1987	41.3%	33.6%
1986	41.2%	33.8%
1985	41.1%	34%
1984	41%	34.3%
1983	41%	34.6%
1982	40.9%	34.9%
1981	40.9%	35.2%
1980	40.9%	35.5%
1979	40.8%	35.9%
1978	40.8%	36.3%
1977	40.7%	36.7%
1976	40.7%	36.9%
1975	40.6%	37.1%
1974	40.5%	37.2%
1973	40.5%	37.3%
1972	40.4%	37.5%
1971	40.4%	37.6%
1970	40.3%	37.7%
1969	40.3%	37.8%
1968	40.3%	37.9%
1967	40.3%	38%
1966	40.4%	38%
1965	40.4%	38%
1964	40.4%	38%
1963	40.5%	37.8%
1962	40.6%	37.6%
1961	40.7%	37.5%
1960	40.7%	37.4%

The share of children aged 0-14 in Nepal was 40.7% in 1960, 41.4% in 1992, and 28.4% as of the latest data in 2024.

More about the demographics of Nepal.

Maternal mortality by year

Chart Table

Nepal

World's average

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Nepal	World
2023	142	197
2022	139	203
2021	173	242
2020	153	211
2019	170	207
2018	183	211
2017	197	215
2016	214	220
2015	236	228
2014	245	231
2013	258	235
2012	272	239
2011	286	247
2010	297	253
2009	299	258
2008	302	264
2007	309	269
2006	318	276
2005	344	283
2004	364	291
2003	387	301
2002	414	311
2001	443	321
2000	480	328
1999	512	340
1998	522	360
1997	550	358
1996	584	366
1995	625	371
1994	657	382
1993	703	389
1992	768	395
1991	850	395
1990	920	391
1989	973	401
1988	1,038	414
1987	1,088	429
1986	1,143	438
1985	1,186	460

The maternal mortality rate in Nepal was 142 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2023 — a 0.14% chance of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination. This is a 70.4% decrease compared to the year 2000.

Under-five mortality by year

Chart Table

Nepal

World's average

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Nepal	World
2023	2.65%	2.49%
2022	2.75%	2.59%
2021	2.86%	2.66%
2020	2.99%	2.75%
2019	3.14%	2.86%
2018	3.3%	2.97%
2017	3.46%	3.11%
2016	3.64%	3.22%
2015	3.82%	3.35%
2014	4.01%	3.48%
2013	4.21%	3.61%
2012	4.41%	3.77%
2011	4.62%	3.97%
2010	4.83%	4.11%
2009	5.05%	4.31%
2008	5.27%	4.5%
2007	5.51%	4.7%
2006	5.76%	4.92%
2005	6.04%	5.16%
2004	6.35%	5.43%
2003	6.69%	5.65%
2002	7.06%	5.94%
2001	7.48%	6.21%
2000	7.92%	6.48%
1999	8.4%	6.75%
1998	8.91%	7.05%
1997	9.44%	7.28%
1996	10%	7.52%
1995	10.6%	7.76%
1994	11.2%	7.98%
1993	11.8%	8.19%
1992	12.5%	8.46%
1991	13.2%	8.66%
1990	13.9%	8.81%
1989	14.6%	9.02%
1988	15.3%	9.31%
1987	16.1%	9.47%
1986	16.8%	9.81%
1985	17.5%	10.1%
1984	18.2%	10.4%
1983	18.8%	10.6%
1982	19.5%	10.8%
1981	20.2%	11%
1980	20.8%	11.4%
1979	21.5%	11.7%
1978	22.1%	12.2%
1977	22.7%	12.6%
1976	23.3%	13%
1975	23.9%	13.4%
1974	24.5%	13.8%
1973	25%	14.1%
1972	25.6%	14.5%
1971	26.2%	15.1%
1970	26.7%	15.2%
1969	27.3%	15.4%
1968	28%	15.6%
1967	28.7%	15.9%
1966	29.4%	16.1%
1965	30%	16.4%
1964	30.7%	16.6%
1963	31.3%	16.5%
1962	31.9%	16.7%
1961	32.4%	17%
1960	32.8%	17.2%

The under-5 mortality rate in Nepal was 26.5 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2023 — a 2.65% chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five. This is down from 79.2 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2000.