Fertility & birth rates in India and Sao Tome and Principe

Fertility rate in India vs Sao Tome and Principe chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in India was 1.98 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.64 in Sao Tome and Principe in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check India vs Sao Tome and Principe population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	India	Sao Tome
1960	5.92	6.24
1961	5.94	6.26
1962	5.95	6.28
1963	5.97	6.31
1964	5.98	6.33
1965	5.94	6.35
1966	5.88	6.37
1967	5.83	6.39
1968	5.76	6.42
1969	5.68	6.44
1970	5.62	6.47
1971	5.57	6.49
1972	5.48	6.51
1973	5.4	6.53
1974	5.33	6.53
1975	5.2	6.53
1976	5.13	6.52
1977	5.01	6.5
1978	4.89	6.47
1979	4.81	6.43
1980	4.78	6.39
1981	4.7	6.33
1982	4.62	6.28
1983	4.57	6.22
1984	4.52	6.16
1985	4.43	6.1
1986	4.4	6.05
1987	4.31	5.99
1988	4.22	5.94
1989	4.13	5.88
1990	4.05	5.83
1991	3.96	5.77
1992	3.88	5.7
1993	3.8	5.64
1994	3.72	5.56
1995	3.65	5.55
1996	3.58	5.47
1997	3.51	5.4
1998	3.45	5.3
1999	3.38	5.23
2000	3.35	5.16
2001	3.3	5.1
2002	3.22	5.06
2003	3.12	5.01
2004	3.05	4.96
2005	2.96	4.94
2006	2.87	4.93
2007	2.78	4.96
2008	2.71	4.91
2009	2.67	4.84
2010	2.6	4.77
2011	2.53	4.72
2012	2.47	4.66
2013	2.4	4.58
2014	2.29	4.49
2015	2.29	4.35
2016	2.28	4.2
2017	2.19	4.07
2018	2.18	3.98
2019	2.12	3.9
2020	2.05	3.83
2021	2.01	3.76
2022	1.99	3.7
2023	1.98	3.64
2024	1.96	3.6
2025	1.94	3.53
2026	1.93	3.47
2027	1.91	3.42
2028	1.9	3.36
2029	1.89	3.32
2030	1.88	3.26
2031	1.87	3.21
2032	1.86	3.17
2033	1.85	3.13
2034	1.84	3.09
2035	1.84	3.04
2036	1.83	3.01
2037	1.82	2.97
2038	1.81	2.94
2039	1.81	2.9
2040	1.8	2.87
2041	1.8	2.83
2042	1.79	2.8
2043	1.79	2.78
2044	1.78	2.75
2045	1.78	2.73
2046	1.78	2.7
2047	1.77	2.67
2048	1.77	2.64
2049	1.77	2.62
2050	1.76	2.59

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	India	Sao Tome
1960	40.6%	32.9%
1961	40.9%	34.3%
1962	41.2%	36.6%
1963	41.5%	38.5%
1964	41.6%	40.2%
1965	41.7%	41.6%
1966	41.7%	42.9%
1967	41.6%	44%
1968	41.5%	44.9%
1969	41.5%	45.8%
1970	41.4%	46.2%
1971	41.2%	46.1%
1972	41.1%	45.9%
1973	41%	45.7%
1974	40.8%	45.6%
1975	40.7%	45.5%
1976	40.5%	45.4%
1977	40.3%	45.3%
1978	40.1%	45.2%
1979	40%	45.1%
1980	39.8%	44.9%
1981	39.7%	44.7%
1982	39.6%	44.5%
1983	39.5%	44.5%
1984	39.4%	44.4%
1985	39.3%	44.5%
1986	39.2%	44.7%
1987	39.1%	44.9%
1988	38.9%	45%
1989	38.8%	45%
1990	38.6%	45.1%
1991	38.4%	45.1%
1992	38.1%	45.2%
1993	37.9%	45.2%
1994	37.6%	45.1%
1995	37.3%	44.9%
1996	37%	44.7%
1997	36.7%	44.3%
1998	36.3%	43.9%
1999	35.9%	43.4%
2000	35.6%	42.8%
2001	35.2%	42.5%
2002	34.8%	42.3%
2003	34.4%	42.2%
2004	34%	42.1%
2005	33.6%	42%
2006	33.1%	42%
2007	32.7%	42%
2008	32.2%	42.1%
2009	31.8%	42.1%
2010	31.3%	42.1%
2011	30.9%	42%
2012	30.4%	42%
2013	29.9%	42%
2014	29.4%	42%
2015	28.9%	41.9%
2016	28.4%	41.7%
2017	27.8%	41.4%
2018	27.3%	40.9%
2019	26.8%	40.5%
2020	26.3%	39.9%
2021	25.9%	39.4%
2022	25.5%	38.8%
2023	25.1%	38.3%
2024	24.6%	37.8%
2025	24.2%	37.5%
2026	23.8%	37.2%
2027	23.4%	36.8%
2028	23%	36.4%
2029	22.7%	36%
2030	22.4%	35.6%
2031	22.1%	35.4%
2032	21.8%	35.2%
2033	21.5%	35%
2034	21.3%	34.8%
2035	21%	34.7%
2036	20.8%	34.5%
2037	20.6%	34.2%
2038	20.4%	34%
2039	20.2%	33.8%
2040	19.9%	33.5%
2041	19.7%	33.2%
2042	19.5%	32.9%
2043	19.3%	32.6%
2044	19.1%	32.3%
2045	18.8%	32%
2046	18.6%	31.6%
2047	18.4%	31.3%
2048	18.2%	31%
2049	18%	30.6%
2050	17.8%	30.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 24.6% of the population in India and 37.8% in Sao Tome and Principe in 2024, compared to 38.6% and 45.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of India and Sao Tome and Principe compared.

Natural population change in India vs Sao Tome and Principe by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +1.06% in India and +2.4% in Sao Tome and Principe. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	India	Sao Tome
1960	10,237,489	1,547
1961	10,468,816	1,657
1962	10,743,409	1,625
1963	11,016,705	1,609
1964	11,285,378	1,600
1965	10,925,714	1,611
1966	11,089,894	1,642
1967	11,279,897	1,693
1968	12,006,807	1,767
1969	12,167,671	1,862
1970	12,417,866	1,980
1971	12,787,104	2,127
1972	13,041,792	2,232
1973	13,412,707	2,329
1974	13,795,836	2,422
1975	13,958,642	2,515
1976	14,435,504	2,608
1977	14,575,662	2,705
1978	14,898,145	2,800
1979	15,392,957	2,893
1980	16,018,786	2,965
1981	16,422,159	3,015
1982	16,790,507	3,047
1983	17,219,127	3,100
1984	17,698,810	3,163
1985	17,968,697	3,242
1986	18,455,495	3,180
1987	18,496,213	3,440
1988	18,702,916	3,544
1989	18,848,915	3,576
1990	18,893,588	3,719
1991	19,049,524	3,801
1992	19,132,757	3,822
1993	19,152,399	3,841
1994	19,310,798	3,860
1995	19,396,161	3,948
1996	19,442,699	3,993
1997	19,494,098	4,041
1998	19,569,575	4,120
1999	19,648,424	4,221
2000	19,984,160	4,334
2001	20,182,573	4,471
2002	20,024,621	4,591
2003	19,720,507	4,702
2004	19,469,758	4,810
2005	19,034,839	4,897
2006	18,641,737	5,057
2007	18,331,648	5,226
2008	18,234,926	5,297
2009	18,286,055	5,349
2010	17,991,935	5,391
2011	17,793,362	5,445
2012	17,552,365	5,501
2013	17,107,541	5,449
2014	16,165,943	5,381
2015	16,211,195	5,269
2016	16,202,593	5,125
2017	15,394,041	5,007
2018	15,451,168	4,957
2019	14,859,846	4,932
2020	13,366,946	4,874
2021	10,227,523	4,954
2022	13,912,130	5,102
2023	13,711,993	5,221

Maternal mortality chart: India vs Sao Tome and Principe

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 80 deaths per 100,000 live births in India, compared to 75 deaths in Sao Tome and Principe.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	India	Sao Tome
1985	658	159
1986	624	175
1987	592	161
1988	562	157
1989	538	167
1990	516	164
1991	498	166
1992	482	164
1993	467	166
1994	451	168
1995	437	172
1996	422	171
1997	407	173
1998	393	175
1999	378	179
2000	362	180
2001	349	178
2002	330	179
2003	313	178
2004	296	177
2005	277	181
2006	258	177
2007	240	174
2008	223	174
2009	205	172
2010	188	170
2011	173	164
2012	160	158
2013	148	150
2014	137	138
2015	129	128
2016	121	119
2017	113	110
2018	107	100
2019	101	95
2020	101	92
2021	155	98
2022	90	82
2023	80	75

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 2.77% in India and 1.39% in Sao Tome and Principe. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	India	Sao Tome
1960	24.1%	-
1961	23.8%	-
1962	23.5%	-
1963	23.2%	-
1964	22.9%	-
1965	22.7%	9.56%
1966	22.4%	9.29%
1967	22.2%	9.04%
1968	22%	8.85%
1969	21.7%	8.71%
1970	21.5%	8.64%
1971	21.2%	8.63%
1972	20.8%	8.67%
1973	20.5%	8.73%
1974	20.1%	8.79%
1975	19.6%	8.85%
1976	19.1%	8.89%
1977	18.6%	8.93%
1978	18%	8.96%
1979	17.5%	9.02%
1980	16.9%	9.1%
1981	16.4%	9.21%
1982	15.9%	9.37%
1983	15.5%	9.56%
1984	15%	9.77%
1985	14.6%	9.99%
1986	14.2%	11.4%
1987	13.8%	10.4%
1988	13.4%	10.6%
1989	13%	10.7%
1990	12.7%	10.8%
1991	12.3%	10.9%
1992	12%	10.9%
1993	11.6%	10.8%
1994	11.3%	10.7%
1995	11%	10.4%
1996	10.6%	10.1%
1997	10.3%	9.73%
1998	9.89%	9.26%
1999	9.53%	8.76%
2000	9.16%	8.21%
2001	8.8%	7.66%
2002	8.45%	7.1%
2003	8.11%	6.57%
2004	7.77%	6.05%
2005	7.44%	5.56%
2006	7.11%	5.11%
2007	6.79%	4.68%
2008	6.46%	4.3%
2009	6.14%	3.95%
2010	5.82%	3.63%
2011	5.5%	3.33%
2012	5.2%	3.04%
2013	4.91%	2.77%
2014	4.63%	2.54%
2015	4.36%	2.31%
2016	4.11%	2.11%
2017	3.87%	1.95%
2018	3.64%	1.81%
2019	3.43%	1.7%
2020	3.24%	1.6%
2021	3.06%	1.53%
2022	2.91%	1.46%
2023	2.77%	1.39%