Fertility & birth rates in Poland and Sao Tome and Principe

Fertility rate in Poland vs Sao Tome and Principe chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Poland was 1.16 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.64 in Sao Tome and Principe in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Poland vs Sao Tome and Principe population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Poland	Sao Tome
1960	2.98	6.24
1961	2.83	6.26
1962	2.72	6.28
1963	2.7	6.31
1964	2.57	6.33
1965	2.52	6.35
1966	2.34	6.37
1967	2.33	6.39
1968	2.24	6.42
1969	2.2	6.44
1970	2.2	6.47
1971	2.25	6.49
1972	2.24	6.51
1973	2.26	6.53
1974	2.26	6.53
1975	2.27	6.53
1976	2.3	6.52
1977	2.23	6.5
1978	2.21	6.47
1979	2.28	6.43
1980	2.28	6.39
1981	2.24	6.33
1982	2.34	6.28
1983	2.42	6.22
1984	2.37	6.16
1985	2.33	6.1
1986	2.22	6.05
1987	2.15	5.99
1988	2.13	5.94
1989	2.08	5.88
1990	2.06	5.83
1991	2.07	5.77
1992	1.95	5.7
1993	1.87	5.64
1994	1.81	5.56
1995	1.62	5.55
1996	1.59	5.47
1997	1.51	5.4
1998	1.44	5.3
1999	1.37	5.23
2000	1.37	5.16
2001	1.31	5.1
2002	1.25	5.06
2003	1.22	5.01
2004	1.23	4.96
2005	1.24	4.94
2006	1.27	4.93
2007	1.31	4.96
2008	1.39	4.91
2009	1.4	4.84
2010	1.41	4.77
2011	1.33	4.72
2012	1.33	4.66
2013	1.29	4.58
2014	1.32	4.49
2015	1.32	4.35
2016	1.39	4.2
2017	1.48	4.07
2018	1.46	3.98
2019	1.44	3.9
2020	1.39	3.83
2021	1.33	3.76
2022	1.29	3.7
2023	1.16	3.64
2024	1.16	3.6
2025	1.17	3.53
2026	1.17	3.47
2027	1.17	3.42
2028	1.18	3.36
2029	1.18	3.32
2030	1.19	3.26
2031	1.19	3.21
2032	1.19	3.17
2033	1.2	3.13
2034	1.2	3.09
2035	1.21	3.04
2036	1.21	3.01
2037	1.21	2.97
2038	1.21	2.94
2039	1.22	2.9
2040	1.22	2.87
2041	1.22	2.83
2042	1.22	2.8
2043	1.23	2.78
2044	1.23	2.75
2045	1.24	2.73
2046	1.24	2.7
2047	1.24	2.67
2048	1.24	2.64
2049	1.24	2.62
2050	1.25	2.59

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Poland	Sao Tome
1960	33.4%	32.9%
1961	33.4%	34.3%
1962	33%	36.6%
1963	32.5%	38.5%
1964	31.9%	40.2%
1965	31.1%	41.6%
1966	30.3%	42.9%
1967	29.5%	44%
1968	28.6%	44.9%
1969	27.8%	45.8%
1970	26.9%	46.2%
1971	26.1%	46.1%
1972	25.4%	45.9%
1973	24.8%	45.7%
1974	24.3%	45.6%
1975	24%	45.5%
1976	24%	45.4%
1977	24%	45.3%
1978	24%	45.2%
1979	24.1%	45.1%
1980	24.3%	44.9%
1981	24.5%	44.7%
1982	24.7%	44.5%
1983	25%	44.5%
1984	25.3%	44.4%
1985	25.5%	44.5%
1986	25.6%	44.7%
1987	25.6%	44.9%
1988	25.5%	45%
1989	25.3%	45%
1990	25%	45.1%
1991	24.6%	45.1%
1992	24.3%	45.2%
1993	23.9%	45.2%
1994	23.4%	45.1%
1995	22.8%	44.9%
1996	22.2%	44.7%
1997	21.6%	44.3%
1998	20.9%	43.9%
1999	20.2%	43.4%
2000	19.4%	42.8%
2001	18.7%	42.5%
2002	18.1%	42.3%
2003	17.5%	42.2%
2004	17%	42.1%
2005	16.5%	42%
2006	16%	42%
2007	15.7%	42%
2008	15.4%	42.1%
2009	15.2%	42.1%
2010	15.1%	42.1%
2011	15.2%	42%
2012	15.1%	42%
2013	15.1%	42%
2014	15.1%	42%
2015	15.1%	41.9%
2016	15.1%	41.7%
2017	15.2%	41.4%
2018	15.3%	40.9%
2019	15.4%	40.5%
2020	15.5%	39.9%
2021	15.5%	39.4%
2022	15.3%	38.8%
2023	15.1%	38.3%
2024	14.8%	37.8%
2025	14.5%	37.5%
2026	14.1%	37.2%
2027	13.8%	36.8%
2028	13.5%	36.4%
2029	13.2%	36%
2030	13%	35.6%
2031	12.7%	35.4%
2032	12.4%	35.2%
2033	12.1%	35%
2034	11.8%	34.8%
2035	11.5%	34.7%
2036	11.3%	34.5%
2037	11.2%	34.2%
2038	11.1%	34%
2039	11.1%	33.8%
2040	11.1%	33.5%
2041	11%	33.2%
2042	11.1%	32.9%
2043	11.1%	32.6%
2044	11.1%	32.3%
2045	11.2%	32%
2046	11.3%	31.6%
2047	11.3%	31.3%
2048	11.4%	31%
2049	11.5%	30.6%
2050	11.5%	30.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 14.8% of the population in Poland and 37.8% in Sao Tome and Principe in 2024, compared to 25% and 45.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Poland and Sao Tome and Principe compared.

Natural population change in Poland vs Sao Tome and Principe by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been -0.18% in Poland and +2.4% in Sao Tome and Principe. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Poland	Sao Tome
1960	444,562	1,547
1961	398,521	1,657
1962	360,671	1,625
1963	359,330	1,609
1964	326,965	1,600
1965	314,450	1,611
1966	297,801	1,642
1967	275,089	1,693
1968	280,963	1,767
1969	270,151	1,862
1970	280,913	1,980
1971	278,660	2,127
1972	314,028	2,232
1973	320,229	2,329
1974	346,893	2,422
1975	350,356	2,515
1976	367,612	2,608
1977	353,828	2,705
1978	339,166	2,800
1979	366,571	2,893
1980	348,627	2,965
1981	351,806	3,015
1982	369,551	3,047
1983	373,032	3,100
1984	332,137	3,163
1985	297,615	3,242
1986	258,448	3,180
1987	226,008	3,440
1988	215,599	3,544
1989	182,215	3,576
1990	160,066	3,719
1991	141,511	3,801
1992	118,928	3,822
1993	103,846	3,841
1994	96,357	3,860
1995	46,314	3,948
1996	42,487	3,993
1997	34,785	4,041
1998	19,332	4,120
1999	0	4,221
2000	11,478	4,334
2001	3,825	4,471
2002	-3,823	4,591
2003	-15,281	4,702
2004	-7,637	4,810
2005	-3,817	4,897
2006	3,814	5,057
2007	11,436	5,226
2008	34,313	5,297
2009	30,521	5,349
2010	38,043	5,391
2011	11,419	5,445
2012	0	5,501
2013	-19,020	5,449
2014	0	5,381
2015	-26,590	5,269
2016	-3,797	5,125
2017	0	5,007
2018	-26,582	4,957
2019	-34,169	4,932
2020	-120,050	4,874
2021	-184,907	4,954
2022	-143,605	5,102
2023	-135,743	5,221

Maternal mortality chart: Poland vs Sao Tome and Principe

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 2 deaths per 100,000 live births in Poland, compared to 75 deaths in Sao Tome and Principe.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Poland	Sao Tome
1985	19	159
1986	19	175
1987	18	161
1988	18	157
1989	18	167
1990	18	164
1991	18	166
1992	16	164
1993	15	166
1994	14	168
1995	12	172
1996	11	171
1997	10	173
1998	9	175
1999	8	179
2000	7	180
2001	6	178
2002	5	179
2003	5	178
2004	4	177
2005	4	181
2006	4	177
2007	3	174
2008	3	174
2009	3	172
2010	3	170
2011	2	164
2012	2	158
2013	2	150
2014	2	138
2015	2	128
2016	2	119
2017	2	110
2018	2	100
2019	2	95
2020	3	92
2021	2	98
2022	2	82
2023	2	75

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.44% in Poland and 1.39% in Sao Tome and Principe. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Poland	Sao Tome
1960	6.51%	-
1961	6.02%	-
1962	5.6%	-
1963	5.23%	-
1964	4.89%	-
1965	4.57%	9.56%
1966	4.29%	9.29%
1967	4.06%	9.04%
1968	3.89%	8.85%
1969	3.75%	8.71%
1970	3.59%	8.64%
1971	3.42%	8.63%
1972	3.24%	8.67%
1973	3.06%	8.73%
1974	2.9%	8.79%
1975	2.79%	8.85%
1976	2.7%	8.89%
1977	2.62%	8.93%
1978	2.54%	8.96%
1979	2.47%	9.02%
1980	2.4%	9.1%
1981	2.33%	9.21%
1982	2.26%	9.37%
1983	2.19%	9.56%
1984	2.11%	9.77%
1985	2.03%	9.99%
1986	1.96%	11.4%
1987	1.89%	10.4%
1988	1.84%	10.6%
1989	1.79%	10.7%
1990	1.74%	10.8%
1991	1.69%	10.9%
1992	1.65%	10.9%
1993	1.6%	10.8%
1994	1.53%	10.7%
1995	1.43%	10.4%
1996	1.32%	10.1%
1997	1.2%	9.73%
1998	1.09%	9.26%
1999	1%	8.76%
2000	0.93%	8.21%
2001	0.88%	7.66%
2002	0.84%	7.1%
2003	0.81%	6.57%
2004	0.78%	6.05%
2005	0.76%	5.56%
2006	0.73%	5.11%
2007	0.7%	4.68%
2008	0.67%	4.3%
2009	0.63%	3.95%
2010	0.6%	3.63%
2011	0.57%	3.33%
2012	0.54%	3.04%
2013	0.52%	2.77%
2014	0.5%	2.54%
2015	0.49%	2.31%
2016	0.48%	2.11%
2017	0.46%	1.95%
2018	0.45%	1.81%
2019	0.44%	1.7%
2020	0.44%	1.6%
2021	0.44%	1.53%
2022	0.44%	1.46%
2023	0.44%	1.39%