Fertility & birth rates in China and Ghana

Fertility rate in China vs Ghana by year

Chart Table

China

Ghana

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	China	Ghana
2023	1	3.4
2022	1.03	3.43
2021	1.12	3.49
2020	1.24	3.54
2019	1.5	3.59
2018	1.54	3.65
2017	1.8	3.72
2016	1.77	3.87
2015	1.67	3.98
2014	1.77	4.03
2013	1.71	4.11
2012	1.8	4.15
2011	1.67	4.18
2010	1.69	4.18
2009	1.71	4.18
2008	1.7	4.22
2007	1.67	4.29
2006	1.64	4.4
2005	1.62	4.5
2004	1.61	4.5
2003	1.57	4.6
2002	1.57	4.69
2001	1.56	4.77
2000	1.63	4.83
1999	1.53	4.82
1998	1.52	4.83
1997	1.53	4.88
1996	1.55	4.96
1995	1.59	5.11
1994	1.63	5.25
1993	1.69	5.41
1992	1.78	5.52
1991	1.93	5.63
1990	2.51	5.74
1989	2.52	5.82
1988	2.54	5.92
1987	2.76	6.02
1986	2.72	6.08
1985	2.63	6.12
1984	2.61	6.15
1983	2.56	6.23
1982	2.97	6.31
1981	2.79	6.42
1980	2.74	6.47
1979	2.75	6.51
1978	2.72	6.56
1977	2.84	6.64
1976	3.24	6.7
1975	3.57	6.76
1974	4.17	6.82
1973	4.73	6.87
1972	5.11	6.92
1971	5.52	6.95
1970	6.09	6.95
1969	6.18	6.95
1968	6.51	6.89
1967	5.81	6.89
1966	6.31	6.86
1965	6.61	6.88
1964	6.67	6.9
1963	7.51	6.94
1962	6.09	6.94
1961	3.86	6.91
1960	4.45	6.89

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in China was 1 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.4 in Ghana in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check China vs Ghana population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

China

Ghana

1x

Year	Natural population change
	China	Ghana
2023	-2,087,851	651,094
2022	-847,305	646,441
2021	480,203	635,805
2020	2,046,095	637,469
2019	4,673,713	642,403
2018	5,302,433	641,551
2017	7,790,880	641,218
2016	9,062,269	659,910
2015	6,788,911	667,729
2014	9,205,180	660,829
2013	8,043,116	658,638
2012	10,075,174	646,595
2011	8,245,065	631,501
2010	6,407,607	613,133
2009	6,483,236	592,825
2008	6,729,247	579,695
2007	6,813,465	572,332
2006	6,922,185	569,474
2005	7,678,911	563,234
2004	7,607,960	543,339
2003	7,743,284	536,656
2002	8,258,580	528,620
2001	8,839,358	519,382
2000	9,570,849	508,738
1999	10,247,372	487,210
1998	11,351,286	471,313
1997	12,374,554	459,822
1996	12,686,872	450,259
1995	12,711,220	451,748
1994	13,360,470	449,589
1993	13,493,138	454,669
1992	13,548,601	452,156
1991	14,937,124	448,159
1990	16,335,313	442,211
1989	16,824,495	432,541
1988	17,328,640	425,031
1987	18,005,821	419,328
1986	16,609,920	411,191
1985	14,987,830	401,722
1984	13,561,671	392,053
1983	13,599,789	379,846
1982	15,815,318	369,061
1981	14,461,027	359,572
1980	11,647,260	346,816
1979	11,250,148	334,848
1978	11,473,980	324,428
1977	11,378,068	315,429
1976	11,782,472	305,769
1975	14,378,237	298,267
1974	15,738,118	290,796
1973	18,423,727	283,385
1972	19,102,585	275,236
1971	19,622,980	265,442
1970	21,137,076	257,938
1969	20,760,332	251,925
1968	21,206,083	242,821
1967	19,263,662	237,156
1966	19,282,187	231,440
1965	20,296,950	229,061
1964	19,302,532	226,685
1963	22,742,225	225,367
1962	17,969,132	223,842
1961	2,496,047	222,372
1960	-3,048,510	217,134

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.15% in China and +1.93% in Ghana.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +0.31% in China and +2.1% in Ghana.

Birth rate in China vs Ghana by year

Chart Table

China

Ghana

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	China	Ghana
2023	6.39	26.3
2022	6.77	26.6
2021	7.52	27
2020	8.52	27.4
2019	10.4	27.9
2018	10.9	28.4
2017	12.6	28.9
2016	13.6	30.2
2015	12	31.1
2014	13.8	31.5
2013	13	32.2
2012	14.6	32.5
2011	13.3	32.7
2010	11.9	32.7
2009	12	32.6
2008	12.1	32.8
2007	12.1	33.2
2006	12.1	33.9
2005	12.4	34.4
2004	12.3	34.3
2003	12.4	34.8
2002	12.9	35.2
2001	13.4	35.6
2000	14	35.9
1999	14.6	35.6
1998	15.6	35.5
1997	16.6	35.6
1996	17	35.8
1995	17.1	36.7
1994	17.7	37.5
1993	18.1	38.5
1992	18.3	39.2
1991	19.7	39.9
1990	21.1	40.5
1989	21.6	40.9
1988	22.4	41.5
1987	23.3	42.2
1986	22.4	42.7
1985	21	43.1
1984	19.9	43.4
1983	20.2	43.4
1982	22.3	43.6
1981	20.9	43.9
1980	18.2	44.1
1979	17.8	44
1978	18.3	44.1
1977	18.9	44.4
1976	19.9	44.7
1975	23	45.3
1974	24.8	45.9
1973	27.9	46.4
1972	29.8	46.9
1971	30.7	47.4
1970	33.4	47.7
1969	34.1	47.9
1968	35.6	47.7
1967	34	47.7
1966	35.1	47.8
1965	37.9	48.2
1964	39.1	48.7
1963	43.4	49.2
1962	37	49.7
1961	18	50
1960	20.9	50.4

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 6.39 in China and 26.3 in Ghana, compared with 20.9 and 50.4, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

China

Factual

UN forecast

Ghana

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	China	Ghana
2100	7.83%	19.3%
2099	7.84%	19.5%
2098	7.87%	19.6%
2097	7.91%	19.7%
2096	7.96%	19.8%
2095	8.03%	20%
2094	8.1%	20.1%
2093	8.18%	20.2%
2092	8.26%	20.4%
2091	8.34%	20.5%
2090	8.41%	20.7%
2089	8.47%	20.8%
2088	8.52%	21%
2087	8.55%	21.1%
2086	8.57%	21.3%
2085	8.57%	21.4%
2084	8.56%	21.6%
2083	8.53%	21.7%
2082	8.48%	21.9%
2081	8.41%	22.1%
2080	8.34%	22.2%
2079	8.25%	22.4%
2078	8.15%	22.5%
2077	8.06%	22.7%
2076	7.96%	22.9%
2075	7.86%	23%
2074	7.77%	23.2%
2073	7.7%	23.4%
2072	7.64%	23.5%
2071	7.6%	23.7%
2070	7.58%	23.9%
2069	7.59%	24.1%
2068	7.63%	24.2%
2067	7.7%	24.4%
2066	7.8%	24.6%
2065	7.93%	24.8%
2064	8.08%	25.1%
2063	8.25%	25.3%
2062	8.44%	25.5%
2061	8.64%	25.7%
2060	8.84%	26%
2059	9.03%	26.2%
2058	9.22%	26.4%
2057	9.39%	26.7%
2056	9.54%	26.9%
2055	9.67%	27.2%
2054	9.78%	27.4%
2053	9.86%	27.7%
2052	9.92%	27.9%
2051	9.94%	28.2%
2050	9.94%	28.4%
2049	9.92%	28.6%
2048	9.88%	28.9%
2047	9.82%	29.1%
2046	9.75%	29.3%
2045	9.67%	29.5%
2044	9.59%	29.7%
2043	9.52%	29.9%
2042	9.46%	30.2%
2041	9.4%	30.4%
2040	9.35%	30.6%
2039	9.32%	30.8%
2038	9.3%	31%
2037	9.32%	31.3%
2036	9.42%	31.5%
2035	9.63%	31.8%
2034	10%	32%
2033	10.5%	32.3%
2032	11.2%	32.7%
2031	11.8%	33%
2030	12.4%	33.5%
2029	13.1%	33.9%
2028	13.8%	34.3%
2027	14.5%	34.8%
2026	15.1%	35.2%
2025	15.7%	35.6%
2024	16%	35.8%
2023	16.6%	36.2%
2022	17.1%	36.5%
2021	17.6%	36.9%
2020	18%	37.2%
2019	18.2%	37.6%
2018	18.3%	37.8%
2017	18.4%	38.1%
2016	18.3%	38.4%
2015	18.3%	38.6%
2014	18.3%	38.8%
2013	18.3%	38.9%
2012	18.3%	38.9%
2011	18.3%	39%
2010	18.5%	39.1%
2009	18.6%	39.3%
2008	18.9%	39.5%
2007	19.2%	39.8%
2006	19.6%	40.1%
2005	20.3%	40.4%
2004	21.2%	40.7%
2003	22%	41.1%
2002	22.9%	41.5%
2001	23.8%	41.9%
2000	24.5%	42.3%
1999	25.2%	42.7%
1998	25.7%	43.1%
1997	26.3%	43.5%
1996	27%	43.9%
1995	27.4%	44.2%
1994	27.8%	44.5%
1993	28.2%	44.8%
1992	28.4%	45%
1991	28.6%	45.2%
1990	28.8%	45.3%
1989	28.9%	45.4%
1988	29.3%	45.4%
1987	29.8%	45.5%
1986	30.4%	45.4%
1985	31.2%	45.3%
1984	32.2%	45.2%
1983	33.3%	45.4%
1982	34.3%	45.7%
1981	35.1%	45.9%
1980	36.1%	46.2%
1979	37.2%	46.5%
1978	38.6%	47%
1977	39.8%	47.5%
1976	40.3%	47.9%
1975	40.2%	48.2%
1974	40.2%	48.3%
1973	40.1%	48.4%
1972	40.4%	48.4%
1971	40.7%	48.4%
1970	40.8%	48.2%
1969	41%	48.1%
1968	41%	47.9%
1967	41.3%	47.8%
1966	41.5%	47.6%
1965	41.5%	47.4%
1964	41.2%	47.1%
1963	40.6%	46.8%
1962	40%	46.4%
1961	40%	45.9%
1960	40.3%	45.4%

Children aged 0-14 make up 16% of the population in China and 35.8% in Ghana in 2024, compared to 28.8% and 45.3% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of China and Ghana compared.

Maternal mortality chart: China vs Ghana

Chart Table

China

Ghana

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	China	Ghana
2023	16	234
2022	18	239
2021	21	264
2020	20	253
2019	21	260
2018	22	276
2017	24	287
2016	25	296
2015	26	310
2014	28	317
2013	30	338
2012	32	351
2011	33	356
2010	34	363
2009	35	369
2008	38	380
2007	38	377
2006	40	385
2005	42	390
2004	45	403
2003	47	410
2002	50	434
2001	52	460
2000	56	472
1999	58	490
1998	60	521
1997	63	553
1996	67	591
1995	71	630
1994	76	670
1993	80	696
1992	86	718
1991	92	745
1990	102	769
1989	104	799
1988	108	834
1987	114	873
1986	120	908
1985	125	943

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 16 deaths per 100,000 live births in China, compared to 234 deaths in Ghana.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

China

Ghana

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	China	Ghana
2023	0.62%	3.71%
2022	0.66%	3.85%
2021	0.7%	4.02%
2020	0.75%	4.2%
2019	0.8%	4.39%
2018	0.86%	4.6%
2017	0.92%	4.81%
2016	0.99%	5.02%
2015	1.07%	5.25%
2014	1.15%	5.48%
2013	1.25%	5.74%
2012	1.35%	6.02%
2011	1.46%	6.33%
2010	1.58%	6.65%
2009	1.71%	6.99%
2008	1.85%	7.31%
2007	2.01%	7.63%
2006	2.19%	7.93%
2005	2.4%	8.22%
2004	2.64%	8.52%
2003	2.89%	8.85%
2002	3.15%	9.21%
2001	3.42%	9.61%
2000	3.67%	10%
1999	3.91%	10.4%
1998	4.14%	10.8%
1997	4.36%	11.1%
1996	4.56%	11.3%
1995	4.75%	11.5%
1994	4.93%	11.6%
1993	5.08%	11.8%
1992	5.22%	12%
1991	5.31%	12.3%
1990	5.37%	12.8%
1989	5.39%	13.3%
1988	5.4%	13.8%
1987	5.4%	14.4%
1986	5.4%	15%
1985	5.43%	15.5%
1984	5.5%	15.9%
1983	5.61%	16.2%
1982	5.78%	16.4%
1981	6%	16.6%
1980	6.28%	16.7%
1979	6.62%	16.9%
1978	7.01%	17.2%
1977	7.47%	17.7%
1976	7.97%	18.2%
1975	8.5%	18.7%
1974	9.05%	19.2%
1973	9.61%	19.6%
1972	10.2%	19.9%
1971	10.7%	20.1%
1970	11.3%	20.2%
1969	11.9%	20.3%
1968	-	20.3%
1967	-	20.3%
1966	-	20.3%
1965	-	20.3%
1964	-	20.3%
1963	-	20.4%
1962	-	20.5%
1961	-	20.7%
1960	-	20.9%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.62% in China and 3.71% in Ghana. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.