Fertility & birth rates in China and United Kingdom

Fertility rate in China vs United Kingdom by year

Chart Table

China

United Kingdom

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	China	United Kingdom
2023	1	1.56
2022	1.03	1.56
2021	1.12	1.58
2020	1.24	1.57
2019	1.5	1.63
2018	1.54	1.68
2017	1.8	1.74
2016	1.77	1.79
2015	1.67	1.8
2014	1.77	1.81
2013	1.71	1.83
2012	1.8	1.92
2011	1.67	1.91
2010	1.69	1.92
2009	1.71	1.89
2008	1.7	1.91
2007	1.67	1.86
2006	1.64	1.82
2005	1.62	1.76
2004	1.61	1.75
2003	1.57	1.7
2002	1.57	1.63
2001	1.56	1.63
2000	1.63	1.64
1999	1.53	1.68
1998	1.52	1.71
1997	1.53	1.72
1996	1.55	1.73
1995	1.59	1.71
1994	1.63	1.74
1993	1.69	1.76
1992	1.78	1.79
1991	1.93	1.82
1990	2.51	1.83
1989	2.52	1.79
1988	2.54	1.82
1987	2.76	1.81
1986	2.72	1.78
1985	2.63	1.79
1984	2.61	1.77
1983	2.56	1.77
1982	2.97	1.78
1981	2.79	1.82
1980	2.74	1.9
1979	2.75	1.86
1978	2.72	1.75
1977	2.84	1.69
1976	3.24	1.74
1975	3.57	1.81
1974	4.17	1.92
1973	4.73	2.04
1972	5.11	2.2
1971	5.52	2.41
1970	6.09	2.44
1969	6.18	2.51
1968	6.51	2.6
1967	5.81	2.68
1966	6.31	2.78
1965	6.61	2.86
1964	6.67	2.93
1963	7.51	2.88
1962	6.09	2.86
1961	3.86	2.78
1960	4.45	2.69

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in China was 1 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.56 in the United Kingdom in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check China vs the United Kingdom population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

China

United Kingdom

1x

Year	Natural population change
	China	United Kingdom
2023	-2,087,851	34,589
2022	-847,305	39,751
2021	480,203	30,612
2020	2,046,095	-4,272
2019	4,673,713	108,342
2018	5,302,433	119,321
2017	7,790,880	145,125
2016	9,062,269	177,139
2015	6,788,911	175,738
2014	9,205,180	206,784
2013	8,043,116	198,830
2012	10,075,174	248,473
2011	8,245,065	259,361
2010	6,407,607	251,066
2009	6,483,236	230,422
2008	6,729,247	216,325
2007	6,813,465	196,232
2006	6,922,185	176,455
2005	7,678,911	144,963
2004	7,607,960	131,974
2003	7,743,284	89,471
2002	8,258,580	65,308
2001	8,839,358	65,032
2000	9,570,849	70,671
1999	10,247,372	64,551
1998	11,351,286	87,730
1997	12,374,554	99,138
1996	12,686,872	98,884
1995	12,711,220	87,028
1994	13,360,470	127,304
1993	13,493,138	103,893
1992	13,548,601	149,709
1991	14,937,124	143,562
1990	16,335,313	154,569
1989	16,824,495	119,861
1988	17,328,640	136,628
1987	18,005,821	136,325
1986	16,609,920	90,690
1985	14,987,830	79,170
1984	13,561,671	84,633
1983	13,599,789	61,966
1982	15,815,318	56,314
1981	14,461,027	73,234
1980	11,647,260	95,734
1979	11,250,148	61,872
1978	11,473,980	16,859
1977	11,378,068	0
1976	11,782,472	-5,621
1975	14,378,237	33,735
1974	15,738,118	67,476
1973	18,423,727	112,389
1972	19,102,585	162,650
1971	19,622,980	257,123
1970	21,137,076	244,918
1969	20,760,332	260,577
1968	21,206,083	292,622
1967	19,263,662	346,145
1966	19,282,187	333,356
1965	20,296,950	364,132
1964	19,302,532	405,000
1963	22,742,225	337,995
1962	17,969,132	340,800
1961	2,496,047	311,519
1960	-3,048,510	314,400

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.15% in China and +0.05% in the United Kingdom.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +0.31% in China and +0.16% in the United Kingdom.

Birth rate in China vs United Kingdom by year

Chart Table

China

United Kingdom

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	China	United Kingdom
2023	6.39	10
2022	6.77	10.1
2021	7.52	10.2
2020	8.52	10.2
2019	10.4	10.6
2018	10.9	11
2017	12.6	11.4
2016	13.6	11.8
2015	12	11.9
2014	13.8	12
2013	13	12.1
2012	14.6	12.8
2011	13.3	12.8
2010	11.9	12.9
2009	12	12.7
2008	12.1	12.9
2007	12.1	12.6
2006	12.1	12.3
2005	12.4	12
2004	12.3	11.9
2003	12.4	11.7
2002	12.9	11.3
2001	13.4	11.3
2000	14	11.5
1999	14.6	11.9
1998	15.6	12.3
1997	16.6	12.5
1996	17	12.6
1995	17.1	12.6
1994	17.7	13
1993	18.1	13.2
1992	18.3	13.6
1991	19.7	13.8
1990	21.1	13.9
1989	21.6	13.6
1988	22.4	13.8
1987	23.3	13.7
1986	22.4	13.3
1985	21	13.3
1984	19.9	12.9
1983	20.2	12.8
1982	22.3	12.8
1981	20.9	13
1980	18.2	13.4
1979	17.8	13.1
1978	18.3	12.2
1977	18.9	11.7
1976	19.9	12
1975	23	12.4
1974	24.8	13.1
1973	27.9	13.9
1972	29.8	14.9
1971	30.7	16.1
1970	33.4	16.2
1969	34.1	16.6
1968	35.6	17.2
1967	34	17.5
1966	35.1	17.9
1965	37.9	18.3
1964	39.1	18.8
1963	43.4	18.5
1962	37	18.3
1961	18	17.9
1960	20.9	17.5

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 6.39 in China and 10 in the United Kingdom, compared with 20.9 and 17.5, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

China

Factual

UN forecast

United Kingdom

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	China	United Kingdom
2100	7.83%	13.4%
2099	7.84%	13.4%
2098	7.87%	13.4%
2097	7.91%	13.5%
2096	7.96%	13.5%
2095	8.03%	13.6%
2094	8.1%	13.6%
2093	8.18%	13.7%
2092	8.26%	13.7%
2091	8.34%	13.8%
2090	8.41%	13.8%
2089	8.47%	13.8%
2088	8.52%	13.9%
2087	8.55%	13.9%
2086	8.57%	13.9%
2085	8.57%	13.9%
2084	8.56%	13.9%
2083	8.53%	13.9%
2082	8.48%	13.9%
2081	8.41%	13.9%
2080	8.34%	13.9%
2079	8.25%	13.8%
2078	8.15%	13.8%
2077	8.06%	13.8%
2076	7.96%	13.8%
2075	7.86%	13.8%
2074	7.77%	13.8%
2073	7.7%	13.8%
2072	7.64%	13.8%
2071	7.6%	13.8%
2070	7.58%	13.8%
2069	7.59%	13.8%
2068	7.63%	13.9%
2067	7.7%	13.9%
2066	7.8%	14%
2065	7.93%	14.1%
2064	8.08%	14.2%
2063	8.25%	14.3%
2062	8.44%	14.4%
2061	8.64%	14.5%
2060	8.84%	14.5%
2059	9.03%	14.6%
2058	9.22%	14.7%
2057	9.39%	14.8%
2056	9.54%	14.9%
2055	9.67%	15%
2054	9.78%	15%
2053	9.86%	15%
2052	9.92%	15.1%
2051	9.94%	15.1%
2050	9.94%	15.1%
2049	9.92%	15%
2048	9.88%	15%
2047	9.82%	15%
2046	9.75%	14.9%
2045	9.67%	14.9%
2044	9.59%	14.9%
2043	9.52%	14.8%
2042	9.46%	14.8%
2041	9.4%	14.8%
2040	9.35%	14.8%
2039	9.32%	14.8%
2038	9.3%	14.9%
2037	9.32%	14.9%
2036	9.42%	14.9%
2035	9.63%	15%
2034	10%	15.1%
2033	10.5%	15.3%
2032	11.2%	15.4%
2031	11.8%	15.6%
2030	12.4%	15.9%
2029	13.1%	16.1%
2028	13.8%	16.3%
2027	14.5%	16.6%
2026	15.1%	16.8%
2025	15.7%	17.1%
2024	16%	17.2%
2023	16.6%	17.4%
2022	17.1%	17.6%
2021	17.6%	17.8%
2020	18%	18%
2019	18.2%	18%
2018	18.3%	18.1%
2017	18.4%	18%
2016	18.3%	18%
2015	18.3%	17.9%
2014	18.3%	17.8%
2013	18.3%	17.8%
2012	18.3%	17.8%
2011	18.3%	17.7%
2010	18.5%	17.8%
2009	18.6%	17.8%
2008	18.9%	17.8%
2007	19.2%	17.9%
2006	19.6%	18%
2005	20.3%	18.2%
2004	21.2%	18.3%
2003	22%	18.4%
2002	22.9%	18.5%
2001	23.8%	18.7%
2000	24.5%	18.9%
1999	25.2%	19.2%
1998	25.7%	19.3%
1997	26.3%	19.3%
1996	27%	19.4%
1995	27.4%	19.5%
1994	27.8%	19.6%
1993	28.2%	19.5%
1992	28.4%	19.4%
1991	28.6%	19.3%
1990	28.8%	19.1%
1989	28.9%	19.1%
1988	29.3%	18.9%
1987	29.8%	18.9%
1986	30.4%	19.1%
1985	31.2%	19.3%
1984	32.2%	19.5%
1983	33.3%	19.8%
1982	34.3%	20.2%
1981	35.1%	20.6%
1980	36.1%	21%
1979	37.2%	21.4%
1978	38.6%	21.9%
1977	39.8%	22.4%
1976	40.3%	22.9%
1975	40.2%	23.3%
1974	40.2%	23.6%
1973	40.1%	23.9%
1972	40.4%	24%
1971	40.7%	24.1%
1970	40.8%	24.1%
1969	41%	24%
1968	41%	23.9%
1967	41.3%	23.7%
1966	41.5%	23.5%
1965	41.5%	23.4%
1964	41.2%	23.3%
1963	40.6%	23.2%
1962	40%	23.2%
1961	40%	23.3%
1960	40.3%	23.3%

Children aged 0-14 make up 16% of the population in China and 17.2% in the United Kingdom in 2024, compared to 28.8% and 19.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of China and the United Kingdom compared.

Maternal mortality chart: China vs United Kingdom

Chart Table

China

United Kingdom

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	China	United Kingdom
2023	16	8
2022	18	15
2021	21	13
2020	20	14
2019	21	9
2018	22	9
2017	24	9
2016	25	9
2015	26	9
2014	28	9
2013	30	9
2012	32	9
2011	33	10
2010	34	10
2009	35	11
2008	38	11
2007	38	11
2006	40	12
2005	42	12
2004	45	13
2003	47	14
2002	50	13
2001	52	13
2000	56	12
1999	58	11
1998	60	10
1997	63	9
1996	67	8
1995	71	9
1994	76	9
1993	80	8
1992	86	7
1991	92	7
1990	102	6
1989	104	5
1988	108	4
1987	114	3
1986	120	2
1985	125	2

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 16 deaths per 100,000 live births in China, compared to 8 deaths in the United Kingdom.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

China

United Kingdom

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	China	United Kingdom
2023	0.62%	0.45%
2022	0.66%	0.45%
2021	0.7%	0.44%
2020	0.75%	0.44%
2019	0.8%	0.44%
2018	0.86%	0.44%
2017	0.92%	0.44%
2016	0.99%	0.44%
2015	1.07%	0.45%
2014	1.15%	0.45%
2013	1.25%	0.46%
2012	1.35%	0.48%
2011	1.46%	0.5%
2010	1.58%	0.52%
2009	1.71%	0.54%
2008	1.85%	0.56%
2007	2.01%	0.58%
2006	2.19%	0.59%
2005	2.4%	0.6%
2004	2.64%	0.61%
2003	2.89%	0.63%
2002	3.15%	0.63%
2001	3.42%	0.64%
2000	3.67%	0.65%
1999	3.91%	0.67%
1998	4.14%	0.68%
1997	4.36%	0.69%
1996	4.56%	0.7%
1995	4.75%	0.72%
1994	4.93%	0.74%
1993	5.08%	0.77%
1992	5.22%	0.82%
1991	5.31%	0.87%
1990	5.37%	0.93%
1989	5.39%	0.99%
1988	5.4%	1.04%
1987	5.4%	1.08%
1986	5.4%	1.11%
1985	5.43%	1.14%
1984	5.5%	1.17%
1983	5.61%	1.22%
1982	5.78%	1.27%
1981	6%	1.34%
1980	6.28%	1.41%
1979	6.62%	1.49%
1978	7.01%	1.57%
1977	7.47%	1.64%
1976	7.97%	1.72%
1975	8.5%	1.8%
1974	9.05%	1.87%
1973	9.61%	1.94%
1972	10.2%	2%
1971	10.7%	2.06%
1970	11.3%	2.1%
1969	11.9%	2.14%
1968	-	2.18%
1967	-	2.22%
1966	-	2.28%
1965	-	2.34%
1964	-	2.42%
1963	-	2.49%
1962	-	2.56%
1961	-	2.61%
1960	-	2.66%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.62% in China and 0.45% in the United Kingdom. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.