Fertility & birth rates in China and Malawi

Fertility rate in China vs Malawi by year

Chart Table

China

Malawi

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	China	Malawi
2023	1	3.65
2022	1.03	3.72
2021	1.12	3.79
2020	1.24	3.88
2019	1.5	3.95
2018	1.54	4.02
2017	1.8	4.11
2016	1.77	4.22
2015	1.67	4.38
2014	1.77	4.57
2013	1.71	4.76
2012	1.8	4.9
2011	1.67	5.08
2010	1.69	5.26
2009	1.71	5.45
2008	1.7	5.61
2007	1.67	5.72
2006	1.64	5.8
2005	1.62	5.85
2004	1.61	5.86
2003	1.57	5.88
2002	1.57	5.9
2001	1.56	5.94
2000	1.63	6
1999	1.53	6.12
1998	1.52	6.21
1997	1.53	6.23
1996	1.55	6.29
1995	1.59	6.39
1994	1.63	6.49
1993	1.69	6.57
1992	1.78	6.63
1991	1.93	6.68
1990	2.51	6.74
1989	2.52	6.8
1988	2.54	6.88
1987	2.76	6.97
1986	2.72	7.07
1985	2.63	7.17
1984	2.61	7.27
1983	2.56	7.36
1982	2.97	7.45
1981	2.79	7.49
1980	2.74	7.52
1979	2.75	7.47
1978	2.72	7.43
1977	2.84	7.41
1976	3.24	7.39
1975	3.57	7.36
1974	4.17	7.34
1973	4.73	7.34
1972	5.11	7.33
1971	5.52	7.31
1970	6.09	7.3
1969	6.18	7.27
1968	6.51	7.26
1967	5.81	7.21
1966	6.31	7.17
1965	6.61	7.13
1964	6.67	7.11
1963	7.51	7.13
1962	6.09	7.1
1961	3.86	7.07
1960	4.45	7.04

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in China was 1 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.65 in Malawi in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check China vs Malawi population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

China

Malawi

1x

Year	Natural population change
	China	Malawi
2023	-2,087,851	549,096
2022	-847,305	533,450
2021	480,203	517,400
2020	2,046,095	514,659
2019	4,673,713	506,104
2018	5,302,433	494,348
2017	7,790,880	484,655
2016	9,062,269	474,779
2015	6,788,911	472,484
2014	9,205,180	472,418
2013	8,043,116	470,293
2012	10,075,174	460,684
2011	8,245,065	454,149
2010	6,407,607	444,468
2009	6,483,236	434,811
2008	6,729,247	421,781
2007	6,813,465	410,290
2006	6,922,185	397,123
2005	7,678,911	381,130
2004	7,607,960	361,133
2003	7,743,284	341,133
2002	8,258,580	322,863
2001	8,839,358	310,833
2000	9,570,849	300,439
1999	10,247,372	295,629
1998	11,351,286	285,407
1997	12,374,554	277,433
1996	12,686,872	270,048
1995	12,711,220	266,745
1994	13,360,470	275,439
1993	13,493,138	276,538
1992	13,548,601	269,066
1991	14,937,124	260,193
1990	16,335,313	250,159
1989	16,824,495	237,967
1988	17,328,640	226,911
1987	18,005,821	220,566
1986	16,609,920	218,519
1985	14,987,830	216,179
1984	13,561,671	212,146
1983	13,599,789	209,422
1982	15,815,318	205,386
1981	14,461,027	199,436
1980	11,647,260	192,746
1979	11,250,148	182,123
1978	11,473,980	172,503
1977	11,378,068	161,930
1976	11,782,472	153,422
1975	14,378,237	145,254
1974	15,738,118	137,819
1973	18,423,727	131,529
1972	19,102,585	125,728
1971	19,622,980	121,015
1970	21,137,076	116,822
1969	20,760,332	113,120
1968	21,206,083	110,329
1967	19,263,662	106,668
1966	19,282,187	103,512
1965	20,296,950	100,040
1964	19,302,532	97,658
1963	22,742,225	95,933
1962	17,969,132	92,463
1961	2,496,047	89,091
1960	-3,048,510	85,718

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.15% in China and +2.6% in Malawi.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +0.31% in China and +2.67% in Malawi.

Birth rate in China vs Malawi by year

Chart Table

China

Malawi

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	China	Malawi
2023	6.39	31.4
2022	6.77	31.7
2021	7.52	32.1
2020	8.52	32.5
2019	10.4	32.9
2018	10.9	33.2
2017	12.6	33.7
2016	13.6	34.2
2015	12	35.3
2014	13.8	36.5
2013	13	37.7
2012	14.6	38.6
2011	13.3	39.7
2010	11.9	40.7
2009	12	41.7
2008	12.1	42.6
2007	12.1	43.3
2006	12.1	43.8
2005	12.4	44
2004	12.3	44
2003	12.4	43.9
2002	12.9	44
2001	13.4	44.2
2000	14	44.6
1999	14.6	45.4
1998	15.6	45.9
1997	16.6	46
1996	17	46.2
1995	17.1	46.8
1994	17.7	48.4
1993	18.1	48.4
1992	18.3	48.1
1991	19.7	48.4
1990	21.1	48.4
1989	21.6	48.5
1988	22.4	48.8
1987	23.3	48.6
1986	22.4	49.8
1985	21	50.4
1984	19.9	50.8
1983	20.2	51.4
1982	22.3	52
1981	20.9	52.4
1980	18.2	52.7
1979	17.8	52.4
1978	18.3	52.4
1977	18.9	52.4
1976	19.9	52.6
1975	23	52.7
1974	24.8	52.9
1973	27.9	53.2
1972	29.8	53.5
1971	30.7	53.7
1970	33.4	54
1969	34.1	54.1
1968	35.6	54.4
1967	34	54.3
1966	35.1	54.3
1965	37.9	54.1
1964	39.1	54.2
1963	43.4	54.4
1962	37	54.2
1961	18	54
1960	20.9	53.7

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 6.39 in China and 31.4 in Malawi, compared with 20.9 and 53.7, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

China

Factual

UN forecast

Malawi

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	China	Malawi
2100	7.83%	19.9%
2099	7.84%	20%
2098	7.87%	20.2%
2097	7.91%	20.3%
2096	7.96%	20.4%
2095	8.03%	20.6%
2094	8.1%	20.7%
2093	8.18%	20.9%
2092	8.26%	21%
2091	8.34%	21.2%
2090	8.41%	21.3%
2089	8.47%	21.5%
2088	8.52%	21.6%
2087	8.55%	21.8%
2086	8.57%	22%
2085	8.57%	22.1%
2084	8.56%	22.3%
2083	8.53%	22.5%
2082	8.48%	22.7%
2081	8.41%	22.9%
2080	8.34%	23.1%
2079	8.25%	23.2%
2078	8.15%	23.4%
2077	8.06%	23.6%
2076	7.96%	23.8%
2075	7.86%	24.1%
2074	7.77%	24.3%
2073	7.7%	24.5%
2072	7.64%	24.7%
2071	7.6%	24.9%
2070	7.58%	25.2%
2069	7.59%	25.4%
2068	7.63%	25.6%
2067	7.7%	25.9%
2066	7.8%	26.1%
2065	7.93%	26.3%
2064	8.08%	26.6%
2063	8.25%	26.8%
2062	8.44%	27.1%
2061	8.64%	27.3%
2060	8.84%	27.6%
2059	9.03%	27.9%
2058	9.22%	28.1%
2057	9.39%	28.4%
2056	9.54%	28.7%
2055	9.67%	29%
2054	9.78%	29.3%
2053	9.86%	29.6%
2052	9.92%	29.9%
2051	9.94%	30.3%
2050	9.94%	30.6%
2049	9.92%	31%
2048	9.88%	31.4%
2047	9.82%	31.7%
2046	9.75%	32.1%
2045	9.67%	32.5%
2044	9.59%	32.9%
2043	9.52%	33.3%
2042	9.46%	33.7%
2041	9.4%	34%
2040	9.35%	34.4%
2039	9.32%	34.8%
2038	9.3%	35.1%
2037	9.32%	35.5%
2036	9.42%	35.9%
2035	9.63%	36.2%
2034	10%	36.5%
2033	10.5%	36.9%
2032	11.2%	37.2%
2031	11.8%	37.5%
2030	12.4%	37.9%
2029	13.1%	38.3%
2028	13.8%	38.8%
2027	14.5%	39.3%
2026	15.1%	39.9%
2025	15.7%	40.4%
2024	16%	40.7%
2023	16.6%	41.3%
2022	17.1%	41.9%
2021	17.6%	42.5%
2020	18%	43.1%
2019	18.2%	43.7%
2018	18.3%	44.2%
2017	18.4%	44.6%
2016	18.3%	45.1%
2015	18.3%	45.4%
2014	18.3%	45.7%
2013	18.3%	46%
2012	18.3%	46.1%
2011	18.3%	46.2%
2010	18.5%	46.2%
2009	18.6%	46.2%
2008	18.9%	46.1%
2007	19.2%	46.1%
2006	19.6%	46.1%
2005	20.3%	46%
2004	21.2%	46%
2003	22%	46.1%
2002	22.9%	46.1%
2001	23.8%	46.1%
2000	24.5%	46.2%
1999	25.2%	46.2%
1998	25.7%	46.2%
1997	26.3%	46.2%
1996	27%	46.2%
1995	27.4%	46.1%
1994	27.8%	46.1%
1993	28.2%	46%
1992	28.4%	45.8%
1991	28.6%	45.6%
1990	28.8%	45.4%
1989	28.9%	45.2%
1988	29.3%	45%
1987	29.8%	45.1%
1986	30.4%	45.4%
1985	31.2%	45.4%
1984	32.2%	45.5%
1983	33.3%	45.5%
1982	34.3%	45.4%
1981	35.1%	45.4%
1980	36.1%	45.4%
1979	37.2%	45.3%
1978	38.6%	45.3%
1977	39.8%	45.3%
1976	40.3%	45.2%
1975	40.2%	45.2%
1974	40.2%	45.1%
1973	40.1%	44.9%
1972	40.4%	44.8%
1971	40.7%	44.6%
1970	40.8%	44.4%
1969	41%	44.2%
1968	41%	43.9%
1967	41.3%	43.7%
1966	41.5%	43.4%
1965	41.5%	43.2%
1964	41.2%	43%
1963	40.6%	42.9%
1962	40%	42.8%
1961	40%	42.9%
1960	40.3%	43.1%

Children aged 0-14 make up 16% of the population in China and 40.7% in Malawi in 2024, compared to 28.8% and 45.4% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of China and Malawi compared.

Maternal mortality chart: China vs Malawi

Chart Table

China

Malawi

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	China	Malawi
2023	16	225
2022	18	239
2021	21	286
2020	20	256
2019	21	260
2018	22	267
2017	24	284
2016	25	312
2015	26	354
2014	28	367
2013	30	410
2012	32	447
2011	33	486
2010	34	517
2009	35	512
2008	38	430
2007	38	333
2006	40	286
2005	42	283
2004	45	304
2003	47	346
2002	50	404
2001	52	447
2000	56	506
1999	58	576
1998	60	658
1997	63	672
1996	67	713
1995	71	782
1994	76	912
1993	80	1,000
1992	86	1,042
1991	92	1,080
1990	102	1,112
1989	104	1,136
1988	108	1,154
1987	114	1,123
1986	120	1,118
1985	125	1,115

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 16 deaths per 100,000 live births in China, compared to 225 deaths in Malawi.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

China

Malawi

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	China	Malawi
2023	0.62%	3.83%
2022	0.66%	3.99%
2021	0.7%	4.15%
2020	0.75%	4.31%
2019	0.8%	4.55%
2018	0.86%	4.75%
2017	0.92%	5.06%
2016	0.99%	5.35%
2015	1.07%	5.67%
2014	1.15%	6.02%
2013	1.25%	6.4%
2012	1.35%	6.98%
2011	1.46%	7.67%
2010	1.58%	8.3%
2009	1.71%	8.81%
2008	1.85%	9.31%
2007	2.01%	9.83%
2006	2.19%	10.3%
2005	2.4%	11%
2004	2.64%	11.9%
2003	2.89%	13.2%
2002	3.15%	14.6%
2001	3.42%	16%
2000	3.67%	17.3%
1999	3.91%	18.4%
1998	4.14%	19.2%
1997	4.36%	19.7%
1996	4.56%	20.2%
1995	4.75%	20.7%
1994	4.93%	21.3%
1993	5.08%	22%
1992	5.22%	22.8%
1991	5.31%	23.6%
1990	5.37%	24.3%
1989	5.39%	24.9%
1988	5.4%	25.3%
1987	5.4%	25.5%
1986	5.4%	25.4%
1985	5.43%	25.1%
1984	5.5%	24.8%
1983	5.61%	24.5%
1982	5.78%	24.5%
1981	6%	24.9%
1980	6.28%	25.6%
1979	6.62%	26.5%
1978	7.01%	27.6%
1977	7.47%	28.7%
1976	7.97%	29.7%
1975	8.5%	30.6%
1974	9.05%	31.5%
1973	9.61%	32.4%
1972	10.2%	33.2%
1971	10.7%	33.9%
1970	11.3%	34.4%
1969	11.9%	34.7%
1968	-	35%
1967	-	35.1%
1966	-	35.3%
1965	-	35.4%
1964	-	35.5%
1963	-	35.7%
1962	-	35.8%
1961	-	35.9%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.62% in China and 3.83% in Malawi. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.