Spain birth & fertility rate decline on charts

Spain has a birth rate of 6.7 (annual births per 1,000 people) and a fertility rate of 1.12 (the average number of children a woman is expected to have over her lifetime based on current age-specific birth rates).

In 1960, the fertility rate in Spain was 2.86 children per woman — 2.55 times higher than in 2023.

Spain birth rate statistics:

Spain is ranked 189/196 by birth rate now and was ranked 164/194 in 1960.
The mean age at first birth in Spain is 31.5 — it was 26.8 in 1990.
The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 32.5, a change from 28.9 in 1990.
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) changed from 9.18 in 1960 to 4.81 in 2023.
21.3% of the population in 2024 is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), a change from 25.6% in 1960.

Fertility rate in Spain by year

1x

Year	Fertility rate	Rank
2023	1.12	189
2022	1.16	187
2021	1.18	186
2020	1.18	190
2019	1.23	189
2018	1.26	189
2017	1.31	188
2016	1.33	190
2015	1.33	186
2014	1.32	187
2013	1.27	191
2012	1.32	189
2011	1.34	188
2010	1.37	189
2009	1.38	187
2008	1.45	178
2007	1.38	182
2006	1.36	179
2005	1.33	180
2004	1.31	181
2003	1.3	179
2002	1.25	186
2001	1.23	188
2000	1.22	193
1999	1.17	192
1998	1.13	194
1997	1.15	194
1996	1.14	196
1995	1.16	196
1994	1.19	195
1993	1.26	194
1992	1.31	193
1991	1.33	194
1990	1.36	194
1989	1.4	192
1988	1.45	192
1987	1.49	189
1986	1.56	183
1985	1.64	183
1984	1.73	179
1983	1.8	176
1982	1.94	167
1981	2.04	158
1980	2.22	156
1979	2.37	149
1978	2.54	143
1977	2.65	144
1976	2.77	144
1975	2.77	144
1974	2.88	145
1973	2.84	148
1972	2.87	151
1971	2.9	153
1970	2.84	153
1969	2.86	155
1968	2.87	155
1967	2.94	154
1966	2.91	154
1965	2.94	159
1964	3.01	158
1963	2.88	165
1962	2.8	167
1961	2.77	170
1960	2.86	163

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/spain | CC BY

According to the latest birth rate data available, the fertility rate in Spain was 1.12 in 2023 and has been below the replacement level of 2.1 children per woman since 1981. In 1993, the fertility rate was 1.26 — a 11.1% decline in 30 years.

Check population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart above shows the historical changes in fertility rate and ranking compared to other countries, where a lower rank number indicates a higher relative fertility rate.

Births, deaths, and natural population change by year

1x

Year	People
Year	Natural change	Births	Deaths
2023	-111,211	323,961	435,172
2022	-133,801	329,724	463,525
2021	-113,865	336,851	450,716
2020	-151,551	340,987	492,538
2019	-56,542	358,100	414,642
2018	-56,139	369,577	425,716
2017	-32,600	391,198	423,798
2016	0	408,831	408,831
2015	-4,642	417,800	422,442
2014	32,522	427,438	394,916
2013	37,284	424,098	386,814
2012	51,450	453,698	402,248
2011	84,137	472,101	387,964
2010	102,469	484,399	381,930
2009	106,635	491,447	384,812
2008	133,267	519,281	386,014
2007	108,545	492,972	384,427
2006	110,994	479,491	368,497
2005	78,576	462,723	384,147
2004	85,844	454,972	369,128
2003	54,844	438,751	383,907
2002	53,861	418,458	364,597
2001	44,936	404,419	359,483
2000	36,512	397,565	361,053
1999	8,077	379,636	371,559
1998	4,022	366,033	362,011
1997	20,028	368,527	348,499
1996	11,967	362,997	351,030
1995	15,889	361,488	345,599
1994	31,639	371,761	340,122
1993	47,234	385,740	338,506
1992	62,652	395,492	332,840
1991	58,450	397,457	339,007
1990	66,075	400,333	334,258
1989	81,538	407,691	326,153
1988	100,794	418,682	317,888
1987	116,054	425,532	309,478
1986	131,188	439,864	308,676
1985	146,184	457,787	311,603
1984	172,487	471,463	298,976
1983	183,223	484,778	301,555
1982	231,714	516,609	284,895
1981	237,879	532,396	294,517
1980	281,184	569,865	288,681
1979	312,407	602,499	290,092
1978	339,157	637,762	298,605
1977	361,465	657,209	295,744
1976	375,834	675,777	299,943
1975	371,882	668,672	296,790
1974	396,182	689,780	293,598
1973	374,381	671,787	297,406
1972	391,030	671,326	280,296
1971	369,625	670,800	301,175
1970	378,723	659,383	280,660
1969	367,851	665,476	297,625
1968	387,423	665,573	278,150
1967	402,001	676,537	274,536
1966	397,084	668,262	271,178
1965	405,819	674,235	268,416
1964	429,885	695,402	265,517
1963	394,338	669,748	275,410
1962	384,690	654,593	269,903
1961	396,537	651,672	255,135
1960	398,960	660,873	261,913

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/spain | CC BY

Over the past 10 years, the natural population change in Spain (from births and deaths only, excluding migration) has been -0.13% annually. On average, 62,782 more people died each year than were born.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.23% — 111,211 more people died than were born.

In 2023, Spain ranks 189/196 for absolute natural population change and 173/196 for natural change rate, where a lower rank number indicates faster natural growth and a higher number indicates greater decline.

Birth rates in Spain compared to other countries

	Spain	Rank
Fertility rate	1.12	189/196
Birth rate	6.7	189/196
Population change due to births and deaths	-111,211	189/196
Natural population change rate	-0.23%	173/196
Population growth	+1.03%	100/197
Age at first childbirth	31.5 years	7/137
Average age at childbearing	32.5 years	4/197
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19	5.01	165/197
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29	34.7	191/197
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+	13.3	164/197
Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population	21.3%	176/196
Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49	59.9%	42/179
Share of births attended by skilled health staff	99.9%	33/191
Maternal mortality per live birth	0.003%	187/193
Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age)	0.17%	173/193
Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age)	0.26%	178/196
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age	0.31%	174/192
Life expectancy	84.1 years	10/197

Birth rates by women's age

Annual births per 1,000 women

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 women
Year	Total	15-19	20-29	30+
2026	13.2	5.01	34.7	13.3
2025	13.3	4.93	34.7	13.5
2024	13.4	4.85	34.6	13.8
2023	13.7	4.84	34.5	14
2022	14	4.8	34.4	14.3
2021	14.1	4.73	34.1	14.4
2020	14.2	5.25	35.6	14.4
2019	14.9	5.9	37.4	15.2
2018	15.5	6.29	38.7	15.9
2017	16.5	6.95	40.7	16.8
2016	17.2	7.32	42	17.6
2015	17.7	7.7	42.5	18.1
2014	18	8.08	42.9	18.3
2013	18	8.29	42.2	18.3
2012	19.1	8.98	44.3	19.3
2011	19.7	9.67	46	19.9
2010	20.5	10.7	48.2	20.2
2009	21	11.8	49.9	20.3
2008	22	13.1	52.8	21
2007	21.2	12.7	50.5	20.2
2006	21.1	12.1	49.5	20.1
2005	20.8	11.3	48.1	19.8
2004	20.6	10.9	47.9	19.5
2003	20.3	10.6	47.4	19.1
2002	19.6	9.97	46.2	18.4
2001	19.5	9.62	45.5	18.1
2000	19.3	8.97	45.5	17.8
1999	18.6	8.49	44.6	17.1
1998	18	7.81	44.8	16.3
1997	18.2	7.7	47.4	16.1
1996	18	7.36	49.8	15.4
1995	18.1	7.57	53	14.9
1994	18.6	8.13	57.6	14.4
1993	19.4	8.98	63.7	14.3
1992	20	9.87	68.9	14
1991	20.1	10.7	71.8	13.5
1990	20.5	11.8	75.2	13.2
1989	20.9	13.1	78.4	13
1988	21.4	14.8	81.9	12.9
1987	21.9	15.7	85.1	13
1986	22.5	16.7	89.3	13.4
1985	23.4	18.3	94.6	13.8
1984	24.3	19.1	100.2	14.5
1983	25	19.9	105.7	14.9
1982	26.6	21.1	114.2	15.9
1981	27.7	22.5	121.4	16.5
1980	29.9	24.9	131.6	18.1
1979	31.8	26.2	140.5	19.5
1978	33.9	26.2	149.5	21.3
1977	35.3	25.6	156.8	22.3
1976	36.8	24.5	162.8	23.8
1975	36.8	22.5	161.2	24.5
1974	37.8	20.3	166.5	25.6
1973	37.4	17	165.5	25.5
1972	37.7	15.8	165.8	26.8
1971	38.1	15	165.5	28.3
1970	38.2	13.8	159.5	29.6
1969	38.7	13.1	160.7	30.9
1968	39.3	13	158.1	33.4
1967	40.4	12.3	152.8	36.7
1966	40.2	11.7	150.1	36.3
1965	41	11.1	151.3	37.3
1964	42.6	11	156.7	38.7
1963	41.6	10.5	151.6	37.6
1962	41.1	11.3	149	36.5
1961	41.3	9.41	146.9	36.9
1960	42.6	9.21	150.4	37.5

Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/spain | CC BY

Above is a chart displaying birth rates in Spain by maternal age. In 2026, of all live births, 1.92% will be to women under age 20, 26.1% to women ages 20-29, and 72% to women ages 30 and above. The respective shares in 1990 were 4.65%, 58.5%, and 36.8%.

Children 0-14 years as share of population by year

1x

Year	Children 0-14 as share of population
Year	Spain	World
2100	11.6%	16.5%
2099	11.6%	16.6%
2098	11.7%	16.6%
2097	11.7%	16.7%
2096	11.7%	16.8%
2095	11.8%	16.8%
2094	11.8%	16.9%
2093	11.9%	17%
2092	11.9%	17%
2091	11.9%	17.1%
2090	12%	17.2%
2089	12%	17.2%
2088	12%	17.3%
2087	12.1%	17.4%
2086	12.1%	17.4%
2085	12.1%	17.5%
2084	12%	17.5%
2083	12%	17.6%
2082	12%	17.7%
2081	11.9%	17.7%
2080	11.9%	17.8%
2079	11.8%	17.8%
2078	11.7%	17.9%
2077	11.6%	17.9%
2076	11.6%	18%
2075	11.5%	18%
2074	11.4%	18.1%
2073	11.3%	18.2%
2072	11.2%	18.2%
2071	11.2%	18.3%
2070	11.1%	18.3%
2069	11.1%	18.4%
2068	11%	18.5%
2067	11%	18.6%
2066	11%	18.6%
2065	11%	18.7%
2064	11%	18.8%
2063	11.1%	18.9%
2062	11.1%	19.1%
2061	11.2%	19.2%
2060	11.2%	19.3%
2059	11.3%	19.4%
2058	11.4%	19.5%
2057	11.4%	19.6%
2056	11.5%	19.8%
2055	11.5%	19.9%
2054	11.5%	20%
2053	11.5%	20.1%
2052	11.5%	20.2%
2051	11.5%	20.3%
2050	11.5%	20.4%
2049	11.4%	20.5%
2048	11.4%	20.6%
2047	11.3%	20.7%
2046	11.2%	20.8%
2045	11.1%	20.9%
2044	11.1%	20.9%
2043	11%	21%
2042	10.9%	21.1%
2041	10.9%	21.2%
2040	10.8%	21.2%
2039	10.8%	21.3%
2038	10.7%	21.4%
2037	10.7%	21.5%
2036	10.7%	21.6%
2035	10.7%	21.8%
2034	10.8%	22%
2033	10.9%	22.2%
2032	11.1%	22.4%
2031	11.3%	22.7%
2030	11.5%	23%
2029	11.7%	23.3%
2028	11.9%	23.6%
2027	12.2%	23.9%
2026	12.5%	24.2%
2025	12.8%	24.6%
2024	12.9%	24.7%
2023	13.3%	25%
2022	13.6%	25.3%
2021	13.9%	25.6%
2020	14.2%	25.8%
2019	14.4%	26%
2018	14.7%	26.2%
2017	14.8%	26.4%
2016	14.9%	26.5%
2015	15%	26.6%
2014	15.1%	26.8%
2013	15.1%	26.9%
2012	15.1%	27%
2011	15%	27.1%
2010	14.9%	27.3%
2009	14.8%	27.5%
2008	14.7%	27.6%
2007	14.6%	27.9%
2006	14.5%	28.1%
2005	14.5%	28.5%
2004	14.5%	28.8%
2003	14.5%	29.2%
2002	14.6%	29.6%
2001	14.7%	30%
2000	14.8%	30.4%
1999	15%	30.8%
1998	15.3%	31.1%
1997	15.7%	31.5%
1996	16.1%	31.8%
1995	16.6%	32.1%
1994	17.2%	32.3%
1993	17.8%	32.5%
1992	18.4%	32.7%
1991	19.1%	32.9%
1990	19.8%	33%
1989	20.5%	33.2%
1988	21.2%	33.4%
1987	21.9%	33.6%
1986	22.5%	33.8%
1985	23.2%	34%
1984	23.8%	34.3%
1983	24.4%	34.6%
1982	24.9%	34.9%
1981	25.5%	35.2%
1980	26%	35.5%
1979	26.4%	35.9%
1978	26.8%	36.3%
1977	27%	36.7%
1976	27.2%	36.9%
1975	27.3%	37.1%
1974	27.5%	37.2%
1973	27.7%	37.3%
1972	27.8%	37.5%
1971	27.8%	37.6%
1970	27.9%	37.7%
1969	27.8%	37.8%
1968	27.8%	37.9%
1967	27.7%	38%
1966	27.6%	38%
1965	27.5%	38%
1964	27.4%	38%
1963	27.4%	37.8%
1962	27.4%	37.6%
1961	27.4%	37.5%
1960	27.4%	37.4%

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/spain | CC BY

The share of children aged 0-14 in Spain was 27.4% in 1960, 18.4% in 1992, and 12.9% as of the latest data in 2024.

More about the demographics of Spain.

Fertility rates around the globe

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/spain | CC BY

Maternal mortality by year

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
2023	3	197
2022	4	203
2021	4	242
2020	4	211
2019	3	207
2018	3	211
2017	3	215
2016	3	220
2015	4	228
2014	4	231
2013	4	235
2012	4	239
2011	4	247
2010	4	253
2009	4	258
2008	4	264
2007	4	269
2006	4	276
2005	5	283
2004	5	291
2003	4	301
2002	5	311
2001	5	321
2000	5	328
1999	5	340
1998	5	360
1997	5	358
1996	6	366
1995	6	371
1994	6	382
1993	6	389
1992	6	395
1991	6	395
1990	6	391
1989	7	401
1988	7	414
1987	7	429
1986	7	438
1985	6	460

Data sources: World Bank | Gender (1985–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/spain | CC BY

The maternal mortality rate in Spain was 3 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2023 — a 0.003% chance of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination. This is a 40% decrease compared to the year 2000.

Under-five mortality by year

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
Year	Spain	World
2023	0.31%	2.49%
2022	0.31%	2.59%
2021	0.31%	2.66%
2020	0.32%	2.75%
2019	0.32%	2.86%
2018	0.32%	2.97%
2017	0.32%	3.11%
2016	0.33%	3.22%
2015	0.33%	3.35%
2014	0.34%	3.48%
2013	0.35%	3.61%
2012	0.36%	3.77%
2011	0.37%	3.97%
2010	0.38%	4.11%
2009	0.4%	4.31%
2008	0.42%	4.5%
2007	0.44%	4.7%
2006	0.45%	4.92%
2005	0.47%	5.16%
2004	0.49%	5.43%
2003	0.5%	5.65%
2002	0.51%	5.94%
2001	0.53%	6.21%
2000	0.54%	6.48%
1999	0.56%	6.75%
1998	0.58%	7.05%
1997	0.61%	7.28%
1996	0.65%	7.52%
1995	0.69%	7.76%
1994	0.74%	7.98%
1993	0.79%	8.19%
1992	0.83%	8.46%
1991	0.88%	8.66%
1990	0.92%	8.81%
1989	0.95%	9.02%
1988	0.99%	9.31%
1987	1.03%	9.47%
1986	1.07%	9.81%
1985	1.11%	10.1%
1984	1.17%	10.4%
1983	1.23%	10.6%
1982	1.3%	10.8%
1981	1.38%	11%
1980	1.49%	11.4%
1979	1.61%	11.7%
1978	1.74%	12.2%
1977	1.87%	12.6%
1976	2.02%	13%
1975	2.17%	13.4%
1974	2.33%	13.8%
1973	2.52%	14.1%
1972	2.72%	14.5%
1971	2.94%	15.1%
1970	3.16%	15.2%
1969	3.39%	15.4%
1968	3.61%	15.6%
1967	3.83%	15.9%
1966	4.03%	16.1%
1965	4.23%	16.4%
1964	4.45%	16.6%
1963	4.68%	16.5%
1962	4.94%	16.7%
1961	5.2%	17%
1960	5.47%	17.2%

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/birth-rate/spain | CC BY

The under-5 mortality rate in Spain was 3.1 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2023 — a 0.31% chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five. This is down from 5.4 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2000.